• 아동학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.37-54
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was the development and validation of a test of young children's understanding and their ability to represent the elements of traditional Korean music. The test was reviewed by professional groups and modified by preliminary testing. In its final form, the Korean Traditional Music Ability Test(KTMAT) for 4- to 6-year-old children consists of 43 items covering understanding and ability to represent Changdan(Changdanhyung, Bak, Bbareugi and Semyeorim) and Garak(Eumjeong and Sikimshae). Item analysis, reliability and validity tests were statistically significant. The KTMAT is an evaluation tool that can be used as basic material for developing children's musical ability, and it can provide valuable information showing direction for children's Korean traditional music education.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-31
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• 2001

The main purpose of this study was to explore the development of knowledge about the appearance-reality distinction and the perspective-taking ability and to examine its relation. The subjects were 104 children, 13 boys and 13 girls each at the age of 3, 4, 5, and 6. The performance of four age groups were compared on illusion appearance-reality, color appearance-reality, perceptual perspective-taking, and cognitive perspective-taking tasks. The data were collected by individual testing and analyzed by the two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, one-way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The major results were as follows. 1. In children's understanding of the appearance-reality distinction, significant differences were found between 3-year-olds and 4-year-olds, and 5-year-olds and 6-year-olds. While between 4-year-olds and 5-year-olds showed no such differences. Besides, gender did not affect the children's understanding of the appearance-reality distinction. 2. There was significant difference in performance according to the type of tasks. That is 3-year-olds perform better illusion appearance-reality distintion than color appearance- reality distintion, while 4, 5, 6 year old children's performance of color appearance-reality and illusion appearance-reality distinction showed no difference. 3. In children's ability of perceptual perspective-taking, significant difference was found between 3, 4, 5-year-olds and 6-year-old children. And in ability of cognitive and perspective-taking, significant difference was found between 3, 4-year-olds and 6-year-old children. Besides, gender did not affect the children's perceptual and cognitive perspective-taking. 4. The color appearance-reality distinction and perceptual perspective-taking showed significant correlation. That is, the children of high grade for perceptual perspective-taking were better understanding of color appearance-reality distinction.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2008

This study investigated differences of display rule by age and gender and the effects of theory of mind and affective perspective taking on display rule. Subjects were 64 4- to 5-year old children. Instruments were false belief, appearance-reality distinction, affective perspective taking, gift-giving, and display rule understanding task. Findings were (1) Display rule understanding differed by age; older children understood the display rules better than younger children. (2) Theory of mind influenced positive display rule behavior. (3) Theory of mind and affective perspective taking had a significant effect on display rule understanding.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2012

This project examined 2, 3, and 4-year-old children (N = 34) in a university campus child care setting to assess their understanding of the graphic features they use in their emergent writing (to distinguish it from a drawing of the same referent). The graphic features present in samples of the children's work were examined and compared to the graphic features children could identify through verbal and nonverbal communication. We examined the frequencies of graphic feature identification, as well as significant differences between graphic feature usage and graphic feature identification. The most frequently used graphic features were linearity, unidirectionality, and small size of units. The most frequently identified graphic feature was conventional letter. Overall, children used significantly more graphic features than they were able to identify. Significant relationships comparing the 2-year-old group and 4-year-old group's usage and identification were also found. The findings are discussed in terms of their application to early childhood classrooms. Teachers can apply these findings when engaging children in conversations about their emergent writing; these discussions are explored as a beneficial teaching tool.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.707-734
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 20명을 대상으로 분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈에 대하여 아동이 어떻게 이해하고 있는지 알아보고, 그것이 분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈 문장제 해결에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보았다. 연구 결과 많은 아동들이 분수의 덧셈을 합병의 상황으로, 분수의 뺄셈을 제거의 상황으로 이해하고 있었으며, 대부분 동분모 분수의 덧셈, 뺄셈과 이분모 분수의 덧셈, 뺄셈을 동일한 의미로 이해하고 있었다. 몇몇 아동들은 분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈을 특정 상황과 연결 지어 이해하고 있기 보다는 연산의 계산 절차를 연산의 의미로 이해하고 있었는데, 동분모 분수의 덧셈, 뺄셈보다 이분모 분수의 덧셈, 뺄셈을 계산절차로만 이해하고 있는 아동들이 상대적으로 많았다. 분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈에 대한 아동의 이해가 문장제 해결에 어떤 영향을 주는지 조사한 결과 분수의 덧셈에 대하여 아동이 어떤 의미로 이해하고 있느냐는 분수의 덧셈 문장제 해결에 큰 영향을 주지 않았다. 또한 분수의 덧셈에 대하여 동일한 이해 범주에 포함된 아동들 간에도 문장제의 해결 방법에 공통된 특성은 발견되지 않았다. 반면, 분수의 뺄셈에서는 많은 아동이 분수의 뺄셈에 대하여 자신이 지니고 있는 의미론적 구조에 기초하여 문제를 해결하려는 경향을 보였으며, 동일한 이해 범주에 포함된 아동들 간에도 분수의 뺄셈 문장제 해결 방법에 공통된 특성이 발견되었다. 특히 분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈을 특정 상황과 연관 지어 이해하고 있기 보다는 분수의 덧셈과 뺄셈의 계산 절차를 각 연산의 의미로 이해하고 있었던 아동들은 다른 아동들에 비해 문장제 해결 능력이 떨어졌다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-28
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• 2002

This study explored teachers (n = 219) from northern, central, southern and eastern Taiwan concerning their views about children's learning difficulties, mathematical instruction and school mathematics curricular. Results showed that teachers' mathematics knowledge or their instruction methods had no significant influence on their views of children's learning difficulties. Even though teachers indicated that understanding of abstract mathematical concepts was the most prominent difficulty for children, they tended to employ direct instruction rather than constructive and cooperative problem solving in their teaching. However, teachers' views of children's learning difficulties did influence their instructional practice. Results from in-dept interviews revealed that there were some obstacles that prevented teachers from putting constructiveism perspectives of instruction into teaching practice. Further investigation is needed to develop a better understanding of epistemology and teaming psychology as well as to help teachers create constructive learning situations.

• 아동학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.121-139
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• 1996

The purpose of the present study was to explore a model program to improve preschool children's self-concept, perspective-taking and prosocial behavior through "Understanding Activities of Self and Others." Sixty 5- to 6-year-old children were selected by random sampling from a Kindergarten located in Seoul. Thirty children were in the experimental group and 30 were in the control group. The 8-week intervention program used the instrument, "Understanding Activities of Self and Others," constructed by the present researchers. One-way ANOVA and MANOVA were used for data analysis. At the end of the 8-week period, significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups in self-concept, perspective-taking ability, and prosocial behavior. This indicates the effectiveness of the present study in improving children's affective, cognitive, and behavioral traits.

• 아동학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.77-93
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a text-based media literacy program and to examine its effects on young children's understanding and expression of media text. Methods: The participants were 54 5-year-old kindergarteners assigned to an experimental or a control group, with 27 children per group. The text-based media literacy program was based on the ADDIE model and was administered to the experimental group for 8 weeks. The pre- and post-test instruments measured media text understanding and expression ability and were patterned after those used by British Film Institute (2003) and other major studies. Results: The experimental group showed higher levels of media text understanding and expression than the control group. Conclusion: The results are discussed with respect to their implications for educational practice and future research.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.252-264
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• 2011

This research is regarding color-analyzing Italian children's furniture and display space, in which application method of furniture display is looked at by understanding relations of furniture and display space through theoretical consideration and by understanding each factor of composition. Moreover, it establishes a formality of scientific and systematic standard in the color scheme of furniture and display space through using NCS Color System and the related Color Harmony Theory of Ostwald and Faber Birren as analysis tools. In the process of analyzing the colors of furniture and display space, I aimed to comprehend color trend of Italian children's furniture display space by comparing and analyzing Italian children's furniture dealers. I was able to comprehend the color relationship between furniture and display space from the results of analysis of examples of children's furniture display space and analysis of color deviation. Therefore, with this research I suggest the primary data and application strategy from a systematic point of view through Color Harmony Theory in color scheme of children's furniture display space in contemporary Italy.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.243-264
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• 2014

본 연구는 동요를 동기화한 과학활동이 유아의 과학관련태도 및 과학과정기술이해에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 만 5세 유아 40명을 실험집단 20명과 통제집단 20명으로 나누었다. 연구도구는 안현정(2011)의 과학관련태도 검사도구와 Samarapungavan 외(2009)가 유아용으로 개발한 과학과정기술이해 측정 문항을 번안하여 사용하였다. 실험집단에는 7주 동안 매주 3회기씩, 총 21회 동요를 동기화한 과학활동을 실시하였다. 1회기 1차시에서는 동요를 배우고 과학적 질문 찾기를 하며 2차시에서는 과학적 탐구 활동을 하였고, 3차시에서는 과학활동을 활용한 동요개사 활동을 하였다. 통제집단은 같은 기간 동요배우기, 과학활동, 음률활동을 독립된 활동으로 실시하였다. 사전 사후검사자료는 SPSS 프로그램을 이용하여 t-검증을 하였다. 연구결과는 동요를 동기화한 과학활동이 유아의 과학관련태도 및 과학과정기술이해를 향상시키는데 더 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.