• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.105-121
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• 2011

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between mothers' parenting, children's self-esteem, and stress. The participants were composed of 320 elementary school 5th graders (161 boys and 159 girls) from the Seoul area. They completed questionnaires on mothers' parenting, children's self-esteem, and stress. The data were analyzed by means of Pearson's correlation coefficients and regressions. It was observed that maternal warmth was negatively correlated with children's stress in both boys and girls. Children's self-esteem was also negatively correlated with children's stress in both boys and girls. in addition maternal warmth was positively correlated with self-esteem in both boys and girls. It was futher found that self-esteem tended to play a partially mediating role between maternal warmth and children's stress only in boys. Self-esteem tended to play a perfectly mediating role between maternal permissiveness/nonintervention and children's stress only in girls. These results indicated that children's self-esteem plays a crucial role in improving the levels of children's stress.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.605-618
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• 2010

This study was to investigate the effects of children's temperament, parenting behavior, and parenting stress on preschool children's prosocial behavior. The subjects were 190 children consisting of five and six years old and their mothers and fathers. They were selected from 6 kindergartens. Data was collected using the children's prosocial behavior index, the children's temperament index, the parenting behavior questionnaire, and the parenting stress questionnaire. The results were statistically analyzed using t-test, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there were some significant differences in children's prosocial behavior according to the children's gender, but there were no significant differences according to the children's age. Correlation analysis indicated that the children's prosocial behavior and children's temperament had significant correlation, especially the children's adaptability and activity indicated high positive correlations. In addition, the children's prosocial behavior and mother's warmth acceptance behavior had significant high positive correlation, and father's rejection restriction behavior had significant high negative correlation. Also, correlation analysis indicated that the children's prosocial behavior and the mother's and father's stress of parent-child dysfunctional interaction and educational distress had significant negative correlations. It was also found that children's gender, mother's permissiveness non- intervention behavior, mother's educational distress, mother's stress of parent-child dysfunctional interaction, and father's stress of parent-child dysfunctional interaction were all significant predictors of the preschool children's prosocial behavior.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.161-178
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of parenting stress of mothers, warm parenting behaviors and controlling parenting behaviors on children's social competence. Methods: A total of 1515 mothers of young children(780 boys, 735 girls), who had participated in wave 7 of the Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC), answered the questionnaires. The questionnaires included items about mothers' parenting stress, parenting behaviors, and their children's social competence. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation and structural equation models using SPSS 23 and AMOS 22. Results: First, there was a significantly negative correlation between mothers' parenting stress and children's social competence. Also, there was a significantly positive correlation between mothers' warm parenting behaviors and controlling parenting behavior and children's social competence. Second, mothers' parenting stress showed a direct negative effect on children's social competence. Third, mothers' warm parenting behaviors and controlling parenting behaviors showed partial mediating roles in the relationship between mothers' parenting stress and children's social competence. Conclusion/Implications: In order to develop positive social competence of children, programs and social support are needed to reduce mothers'parenting stress and induce positive parenting behaviors.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.387-400
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• 2021

This study examined the structural relationship between children's academic stress, grit, executive function difficulty, and media device addiction. Data on 1,132 children and their mothers from the 11^th (2018)Panel Study on Korean Children were used for the study. Data were collected by Academic Stress Scale, Grit Scale-Children, Child-Adolescent Self-reported Executive Function Difficulty Screening Questionnaire, and K-Internet Addiction Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0 program with Pearson correlation, structural equation model and bootstrapping. The main results were as follows. 1) Children's academic stress had a negative influence on their grit. 2) Children's grit had a negative influence on their executive function difficulty and media device addiction. 3) Children's executive function difficulty had a positive influence on their media device addiction. 4) The relationship between children's academic stress and media device addiction was mediated by their grit and executive function difficulty. This study is significant in the sense that it found protective factors and risk factors for children's addiction to media devices. We suggest that children's grit be improved, and their academic stress and executive function difficulty be reduced to prevent and mediate children's media device addiction.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.55-64
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• 2009

This study examined the relationship between children's academic stress and their sense of hopelessness. In order to expand the study on this relationship, special attention was given to the possible effects of moderators on children's emotional processing style as manifested in a depressed mood. The subjects were 424 $5^{th}$ and 6th graders(197boys and 227 girls) residing in Seoul City and Kyunggi Province, South Korea. It was found that the children's level of academic stress was significantly related to their sense of hopelessness. The results indicated that the higher the children's academic stress, the higher the levels of hopelessness they indicated. No significant effects from moderators as applied to a ruminative emotional processing style were found in the relationship between children's academic stress and their sense of hopelessness. In addition, children's reflective or distractive emotional processing styles were found to be a significant moderator in the relationship between their academic stress and hopelessness. These findings indicate that children's reflective or distractive emotional processing styles could function as a bumper for children who feel academic stress.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.369-381
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• 2019

This research investigated the moderating effects of children's negative emotionality, activity and sociability on the relation between maternal parenting stress and children's behavior problems. Participants consisted of 1,667 preschool children from the fifth wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children. EAS was used to measure the children's temperament. Mothers reported parenting stress and children's behavior problems. The results revealed that the magnitude of association between relation between maternal parenting stress and children's behavior problems was greater for high levels of negative emotionality and activity as well as low levels of sociability. The results support a diathesis-stress model in which high negative emotionality, activity and low sociability confer vulnerability for preschool children in a high stress family.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.93-110
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• 2023

Objective: This study examined the mediating effect of mother's parenting attitudes on the relationship between mother's parenting stress and respect for children's rights. Methods: The questionnaires were answered by 287 mothers with children aged 1 to 5 attending child-care centers in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and Structural Equation Model. Results: First, parenting stress did not directly affect respect for children's rights. Second, the indirect effect of the mother's parenting stress on respect for children's rights through affectionate parenting attitudes was significant. Third, it was found that parenting stress indirectly affects respect for children's rights through a rejection parenting attitude. Conclusion/Implications: In this study, it was found that mother's parenting stress indirectly affected respect for children's rights through parenting attitude. Based on this result, parent education and programs need to be developed to increase respect for children's rights.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among young children's temperament, emotional regulation, and their mother's parenting stress. This study also analyzed the mediating effect of mother's parenting stress on the relationship between the other two variables. Methods: A total of 304 mothers with young children that lived in Gwangju and Jeollanamdo participated in this study. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, hierarchical multiple regression analysis, and the Sobel test. Results: The main results are as follows. First, adaptability temperament was positively correlated with children's emotional regulation and negatively correlated with mother's parenting stress. There was no statistically significant relationship between activity temperament and other variables, whereas regularity temperament had only a significant relationship with emotional regulation. Second, it was found that mother's parenting stress partially mediated between children's adaptability temperament and emotional regulation. Conclusion: The results of this study imply that mother's parenting stress is a very important factor on young children's emotional regulation. Also, the present study suggests that children's adaptability temperament and mother's parenting stress should be considered together in order to improve young children's emotional regulation.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.233-246
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• 2006

This study investigated effects of parent-related variables on children's coping with stress. Subjects were 409 4th, 5th, and 6th grade children(213 boys and 196 girls) selected from three elementary schools in Seoul and Incheon. Data were analyzed by frequency, mean, and hierachical multiple regression. Major findings were that among the inter-parental conflicts perceived by the children, self-blame and triangulation affects children's coping behavior resulting in children's aggressive and passive/avoidant behaviors. The more children experience parent-related stress, the more children show aggressive and passive/avoidant coping behaviors. With more open-communication in parent-child relations, children's coping shows more active and social support seeking coping behaviors during stress situations.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.173-188
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of stress and perceived social supports to problem behavior during childhood, with particular emphasis on the main and stress-buffering effects of perceived social supports. Such demographic data as parents' educational level, father's job, mother's employment, family income, and child's sex and age were also in chided in the study. Statistical techniques were ANOVA, t-test, and multiple regression. Major findings were that behavior problems of children increased with children's stress and decreased by perceived social supports. Perceived social supports moderated the relation between children's stress and problem behavior. Children's stress and perceived social supports differ by educational level of parents, father's job, and family income. Behavior problems of children were differed by family income, father's educational level and job. Children's stress and behavior problems differed by sex and age in some sub-domains, but perceived social supports did not differ by children's sex and age. Perceived social support from friends was the most influential factor affecting children's problem behavior. Therefore, friends may be considered the most important source of social support that is available for adjustment and for coping with stress during childhood.