• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.271-277
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• 1988

In order to study the marked variation of red blood cell sedimentation rate in some species of animals, the packed cell volume, volume percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood, was reshuffled of 20%, 40% and 60% using heteroplasma of chicken and goat, and the red blood cell sedimentation rate was measured in Westergren tubes at $27{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $8{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The values of packed cell volume(PCV) of goat and chicken were $40.7{\pm}4.1%$ and $30.2{\pm}2.2%$ respectively. 2. The sedimentation rates of reshuffled red blood cell were settled faster at lower PCV than higher PCV, i.${\acute{e}}$. there was a reverse relationship between the sedimention rate and PCV. 3. Red blood cells of chicken settled quickly, where as those of goat settled very slowly. Chicken red blood cell sedimented rapidly even in goat plasma, and goat red blood cell sedimented slowly in chicken plasma. These findings indicate that the plasma is not the only factor determining the rapid red blood cell sedimentation rate of chicken. 4. The sedimentation rate of reshuffled red blood cell of chicken and goat were accelerated at higher temperature than lower temperature.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.11 s.254
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• pp.1027-1034
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• 2006

In order to investigate flow characteristics of chicken blood in a micro tube of 100$\mu$m in diameter, in-vitro experiments were carried out using a micro-PIV technique. The micro-PIV system consists of a microscope, 2-head Nd:YAG laser, 12 bit cooled CCD camera and a delay generator. Chicken blood with 40% hematocrit was supplied into a micro tube using a syringe pump. The blood flow shows clearly the cell free layer near the tube wall and its thickness is increased with increasing the flow speed. The hemorheological characteristics of chicken blood, including shear rate and shear stress were estimated from the PIV velocity field data obtained. Since the aggregation index of chicken blood is less than 50% of human blood, non-Newtonian flow characteristics of chicken blood are smaller than those of human blood. As the flow rate increases, the degree of flatness in the velocity profile at the center region is decreased and the parabola-shaped shear stress distribution becomes to have a linear profile. Under the same flow rate, chicken blood shows higher shear stress, compared with human blood.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2007

The flow characteristics of chicken blood in a micro-tube with a $100{\mu}m$ diameter are investigated using a micro-Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique. Chicken blood with 40% hematocrit is supplied into the micro-tube using a syringe pump. For comparison, the same experiments are repeated for human blood with 40% hematocrit. Chicken blood flow has a cell-free layer near the tube wall, and this layer's thickness increases with the increased flow speed due to radial migration. As a hemorheological feature, the aggregation index of chicken blood is about 50% less than that of human blood. Therefore, the non-Newtonian fluid features of chicken blood are not very remarkable compared with those of human blood. As the flow rate increases, the blunt velocity profile in the central region of the micro-tube sharpens, and the parabolicshaped shear stress distribution becomes to have a linear profile. The viscosity of both blood samples in a low shear rate condition is overestimated, while the viscosity in a high shear rate range is underestimated due to radial migration and the presence of a cell-depleted layer.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.228-241
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• 2017

Hematological, chemical and functional characteristics of porcine, chicken and duck blood were evaluated. A porcine blood sample showed the most abundant red blood cell, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and plasma protein content as well as its freeze-dried blood possessed the highest contents of protein, fat, Cu and Cr with the highest percentage of heme iron (p<0.05). Unlike porcine blood, chicken blood showed a well balance in some essential amino acids, specifically for a higher isoleucine content (p<0.05). Furthermore, it possessed the highest contents of carbohydrate, Zn and non-heme iron (p<0.05). The most rapid response to form a strong gel, especially at $70^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$, was found in chicken blood, followed by duck and porcine blood, respectively. The result of emulsion activity index (EAI) and emulsion stability index (ESI) at the low protein concentration indicated that chicken blood had the most superior emulsion properties (p<0.05). Regarding duck blood, it exhibited the highest content of Mg and Mn (p<0.05). Moreover, duck blood had similar foaming properties to porcine blood in which they showed higher values than chicken blood (p<0.05). Specific characteristics of blood were therefore diminished by animal species in which this information could be used as food supplementation or product development based on their potential applications.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.8
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• pp.115-118
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• 1990

The packed cell volume(PCV) of chicken, volume percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood, was reshuffled of 20%, 40% and 60% using autoplasma, and the red blood cell sedimentation rate was measured in Westergren tubes at room temperature($27{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) and low temperature ($8{\pm}1^{\circ}C$). The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The sedimentation rates of chicken red blood cell were settled faster at low PCV than higher PCV, i,e., there was a reverse relationship between the sedimentation rate and PCV. 2. The sedimentation rate of chicken red blood cell was accelerated more at high temperature than low temperature. 3. The sedimentation rate of reshuffled chicken red blood cell by time was almost linear for several hours.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.4 s.247
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• pp.314-319
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• 2006

To analyze in-vivo blood flow characteristics in a chicken embryo, in-vivo experiment was carried out using micro-PIV technique. Because endothelial cells in blood vessels are subject to shear stress of blood flow, it is important to get velocity field information of the placental blood flow. Instantaneous velocity fields of an extraembryonic blood vessel using a high-speed camera and intravital microscope. The flow images of RBCs were obtained with a spatial resolution of $20\times20{\mu}m$ in the whole blood vessels. The mean velocity field data confirm that the blood flow does show non-Newtonian fluid characteristic. The blood in a branched vessel merged smoothly without any flow separation into the main blood vessel with the presence of a slight bump. This in-vivo micro-PIV measurement technique can be used as a powerful tool in various blood flow researches.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-20
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• 1967

Studies were carried out to establish number of erythrocytes, leucocytes, and percentage of reticulocytes and hemoglobin on the growing chicken of Leghorn. 1. The number of erythrocytes were increased from 20 days to 30 days after hatching, and maximum value was observed at the day of hatching. 2. The percentage of reticulocytes were decreased with growing and developing of chicken.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.12a
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• pp.121-124
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• 2006

The arteries are very important in cardiovascular system and easily adapt to varying flow and pressure conditions by enlarging or shrinking to meet the given hemodynamic demands. The blood flow in arteries is dominated by unsteady flow phenomena due to heart beating. In certain circumstances, however, unusual hemodynamic conditions cause an abnormal biological response and often induce circulatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis and inflammation. Therefore quantitative analysis of the unsteady pulsatile flow characteristics in the arterial blood vessels plays important roles in diagnosing these circulatory diseases. In order to verify the hemodynamic characteristics, in-vivo measurements of blood flow inside the extraembryonic arterial bifurcation cascade of chicken embryo were carried out using a micro-PIV technique. To analyze the unsteady pulsatile flow temporally, the (low images of RBCs were obtained using a high-speed CMOS camera at 250fps with a spatial resolution of $30{\mu}m\times30{\mu}m$ in the whole blood vessels. In this study, the unusual flow conditions such as flow separation or secondary flow were not observed in the arterial bifurcations. However, the vorticity has large values in the inner side of curvature of vessels. In addition, the mean velocity in the arterial blood vessel was decreased and pulsating frequency obtained by FFT analysis of velocity data extracted in front of the each bifurcation was also decreased as the bifurcation cascaded.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 1990

During 9 months (March-November, 1989), observation of Leucocytozoon infection rate to blood and parenchymatous viscera (spleen, liver, heart) in Pusan, Gyeongnam (Kimhae, Yangsan) districts slaughtered chicken and the results obtained were as follow : 1. Among the blood smear sample of 213 heads of the chicken, 43 heads (20.2%) were infected with Leucocytozoon 2nd stage gametocyte and 4 heads (1.9%) were mixed infected with Leucocytozoon 5th stage gametocyte. 2. In histopathological detection of schizont in tissues section of spleen, liver and heart, there were 16.7% in spleen, 5.6％ in liver and 9.1％ in heart, mean detection rate were 10.6%. Spleen had the highest detection rate of schizont. 3. In seasonal-related Infection rate, summer was higher than spring.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.273-283
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the feeding effect of a diet containing Cordyceps with fly pupa on the changes in blood lipid profile from broiler chickens, fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in chicken meat. A total of 360 chicks (Ross strain 308) were divided on hatch day into four treated groups with respect to a 35-day feeding regimen: T1 (control group), T2 (2.0% Cordyceps with fly pupa), T3 (3.5% Corceps with fly pupa) and T3 (5.0% Cordyceps with fly pupa). Blood triacylglyceride and total cholesterol level was significantly decreased by 5.32-10.63% and 9.23-12.62%, respectively, in groups T2, T3 and T4 when compared to T1 (p<0.05). Water holding capacity was significantly highest in T2 (p<0.05), while there were no significant differences among groups T2, T3 and T. In chicken meat, the ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid was high in the T3 and T4 groups, the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acid was low in the T2, T3 and T4 groups and oleic acid (18:1n-9) was high in the T2, T3 and T4 groups, when compared to T1 (p<0.05). TBARS tended to increase according to the storage time (in days), and was significantly lower in the chicken thigh muscles with skin in groups T2, T3 and T4 as compared to T1 (p<0.05). These results suggest that a diet containing 2.0-3.5% of Cordyceps with fly pupa may decrease blood lipid and improve both the shelf-life and quality of broiler chicken meat.