• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.557-564
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• 1995

The 90 kDa-heat shock protein (HSP90) is one of the major ubiquitous heat shock proteins induced by a vadety of ceilular stresses. HSP90 Is constitutively synthesized even under nonstressed condidons and found In association with several regulatory and structural proteins such as protein kinases and steroid hormone receptors. In the present study, to facilitate its biochemical characterization, HSP90 was pudfied from chick muscle by sequential column chromatography steps including DEAE- cellulose, hydroxyapatite, and Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration and monoclonal antillodies specific to HSP90 were produced by the inurine hybridomal technique. We report the production of 4 posItive hybridoma clones, named as A204, C112, C302 and A204, C112, C302. Among these MoAbs, Cl 12 strongly reconnized chick HSP90 in Western blot and native immunoprocipitation. In addition, C112 showed the crossreactivitles against HSP90 from human, rabbit, mouse, fish and chick but not from Drosophila and E. coil.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.483-489
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• 1995

Retinoic acid was found to block membrane fusion of chick embryonic myoblasts in culture. This effed was dosedependent and could he reversed upon removal of the agent from the culture medium. Furthermore, the retinoic acid-mediated inhibition of membrane fusion was observed with the fusion competent cells but not with the cells that had already been committed for fusion, indicating that the effect of RA is differentiation stage-specific. However, retinoic acid showed little or no effect on the ability of the cells to form bipolar shape and to align along their axes. Neither the cell proliferation nor accumulation of muscle specific proteins, such as creatine kinase and tropomyosin, was impaired significantly. On the other hand, retinoic acid blocked the differentiation time~ependent loss of fibronectin, whose process is prerequisite for myoblast fusion. These results suggest that retinoic add acts as a specific inhibitor of membrane fusion by preventing the loss of fibronectin from the differentiating myoblasts.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-47
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• 2018

The purpose of this research was to provide basic information for cookies made with black soybeans, chick peas, lentils, oatmeal, and brewer's yeast and to establish the optimum formula for the development of low glycemic index (GI) cookies with high biotin content for lactating women. This study was performed to determine the optimal composite recipe of oatmeal cookies with two different concentrations levels of bean powder (black soybeans, chick peas, lentils) and brewer's yeast using a central composite design. In addition, the mixing conditions of oatmeal cookies were optimized using response surface methodology of sensory evaluation and mechanical and physicochemical analysis. As a result, mechanical and physicochemical analyses showed significant values for lightness, redness, yellowness, hardness, and water content (P<0.05), while sensory evaluation showed significant values for flavor, taste, crispness, and overall acceptability (P<0.05). The optimal sensory combination was suggested to be 3.73 g of bean powder and 1.59 g of brewer's yeast. Considering all outcomes obtained throughout the experiments, brewer's yeast, black soybeans, chick peas, lentils, and oatmeal are suitable ingredients for increasing functionality and consumer acceptability of cookies. In addition, these results are expected to be useful in producing cookies of optimal quality, contributing to the development of various nutritious foods, and improving the food industry for lactating women.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 2002

This study deals with the distribution and morphological study of the neurons with the neuropeptide Y (NPY) in developing chick brain. The developing brains of Korean native chicks at embryonic days 8 (E8), E10, E12, E14, E16, E18, and E20 were used. The chicks were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde through the left ventricle and aorta. The brains were removed and transferred into 30% sucrose, and then cut in a cryostat into $60{\mu}m$ in thickness. The sections were immunostained with free-floating and avidin-biotin complex (ABC) methods. The numerous neurons with NPY were first observed in nucleus rotundus of diencephalon at E8. In particular, neurons in nucleus rotundus had the well-developed processes. At E12, the neurons with NPY were distributed widely in diencephalon; nucleus septalis lateralis, medialis, nucleus magnocelluaris preopticus dorsalis, medialis, ventralis, nucleus preopticus medialis, nucleus dorsolateralis anterior thalami pars magnocellularis, and nucleus paraventricularis magnocellularis (paraventricular nucleus) except nucleus rotundus. From E12 to E20, positive neurons were oval-shaped, changed gradually into the spherical- and multipolar-shaped. The shapes of processes were also omnidirectional and the number of those were less than in telencephalon. As the chicks developed, the morphology of neurons with NPY showed the tendency to increase in their sizes and numbers.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.77-84
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• 1969

For the purpose of making clear the activity of the alkaline phosphatase to the morphogenesis and function of the various structures of the developing chick kidney in relation to PAS-positive materials and phospholipid, the author observed histochemically the aforementioned enzyme and other substances. The mesonephros and metanephros of 4-20 day white leghorn embryos were used, obtaining the following results. 1. Before definite appearance of the secretory tubules the alkaline phosphatase activity showed strongly in the undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue. As the tubules grew differentiated, the alkaline phosphatase activity was found to have disappeared in the mesenchymal tissue surrounding the tubules. The above mentioned fact indicates that the alkaline phosphatase may be concerned with morphogenesis of the developing chick kindney. 2. The fact that the strong alkaline phosphatase activity and the occurrence of the PAS-positive materials were observed at the luminal borders of differentiated secretory tubules of mesonephros and metanephros, indicates that alkaline phosphatase may be concerned with reabsorption of carbohydrate at the borders. 3. A strong positive reaction of phospholipid was found in the cytoplasm and brush borders of the mesonephric and metanephric tubules. The fact that vicissitude of alkaline phosphatase was found to coincide with that of phospholipid suggests that the enzyme may have influence on the metabolism of the phospholipid.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.6 s.53
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• pp.715-722
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• 1995

Orthodontic tooth movement in response to orthodontic force results from actions of osteoclasts and osteeoblasts in the cell level. Convincing evidence has now been provided to support the view that osteoclasts are derived from mononuclear cells that originate in the bone marrow or other hematopoietic organs and they migrate to the bones via vascular routes. Nitric oxide(NO), which accounts for the biological properties of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(EDRF), is the endogenous stimulator of soluble guanylate cylase. The discovery of the formation of nitric oxide(NO) from L-arginine in mammalian tissues and its biological roles has, in the last 7 years, thrown new light onto many areas of research. Data from experiments in vitro showed that N-metyl-L-arginine(L-NMA) and L-nitro-L- arginine(L-NAME) are competitive inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. This study suggest that the multinucleated cells in our culture have characteristics of osteoclasts and that the potential bone cell activity of nitric oxide in vitro may be mediated in part by stimulation of marrow mononuclear cells to form osteoclast-like cells. Bone marrow cells were obtaineed from tibia of 19-days old chick embryo. After sacrifice, tibia was quickly dissected and the bone were then split to expose the medullary bone. The cells were attached for 4 hours and the nonadherent cells were collected. Marrow cells weere cultured in 96-well plate in medium 199. To examine the number of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells(MNCs), $10^{-8}\;M\;Vit=D_3$ and various concentration of L-NMA and L-NAME weere added at the beginning of cultures and with each medium change. After 7 days of culture. tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) staining was performed for microscopic evaluation. Cells haying more than three nuclei per cell were counted as MNCs. The obsrved results were as follows;1. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine $D_3$ stimulated the osteoclast-like multinucleated cells in cultures of chick embryo bone marrow. 2. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors(NOSI ; N-NMA, N-NAME) stimulated the osteoclast-like cells in cultures of chick embry bone marrow. 3. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine$D_3$ and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors did not appear to have additive effect on the generation of TRAP-positive MNCs. These results suggest that nitric oxide synthase inhibitors may stimulate the osteoclast-like multinucleated cell formation and fusion in cultures of chick bone marrow.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1996

The present study was conducted to investigate the role of thyroid hormones in the regulation of gene expression of calbindin-$D_{28k}$ (CaBP-D28K) in the chicken. By employing slot blot and RIA analyses, levels of CABP-D28K mRNA and CaBP-D28K protein in the intestine, kidney, cerebellum and liver were measured 6 and 12 h after i.m. injection of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ [1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$; 250 ng/chick] and 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine ($T_3$; 500 ng/chick) in one-day-old chicks. The abundant messages of CaBP-D28K mRNA were detected in the intestine, kidney and cerebellum while there was little message in the liver. After 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ treatment (6 + 12 hours), levels of CaBP-D28K mRNA increased in the intestine, but there was no change in the mRNA levels in the kidney and cerebellum. Although $T_3$ alone had no effect on CaBP-D28K mRNA levels, simultaneous administration of $T_3$ enhanced the 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ effect of levels of CaBP-D28K mRNA in the intestine both 6 and 12 h post-treatment, and in the kidney 12 h post-treatment. At a protein level, co-treatment with 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ and $T_3$ elicited a significant increase in CaBP-D28K expression in the intestine 12 h post-treatment, as compared to treatment with only 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$, whereas no differences were observed in the CaBP-D28K protein levels in the kidney and cerebellum. These results suggest that thyroid hormones may play a synergistic role with 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ for CaBP-D28K gene expression in the intestine and kidney in chicks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.192-201
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• 1985

Two experiments, utilizing 204 broiler chicks of the Maniker strain, were conducted to study the effects of dried whey and chitin on the growth of chicks. In the first experiment, diets containing 5%, 10%, or 15% dried whey, or a control diet with no whey, were fed to chicks from 1 day to 4 weeks of age. There were no significant differences among the dietary groups, with respect to the rate of growth or protein or feed efficiency. In the second experiment, chicks were fed with diets containing no whey, 2% chitin, 20% dried whey, or 20% dried whey plus 2% chitin, from 1 day to 4 weeks of age. Adverse effects (diarrhea, crooked toes and enlarged cecum) were observed in the group fed 20% dried whey. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) tended to improve in the dietary groups with dried whey, as compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in the total carcass nitrogen and lipid levels of dietary groups. But the chitin-supplemented diets tended to improve on the growth rate compared to the groups without chitin. The results of the two experiments suggest that the growing broiler chick can tolerate up to 15% dried whey in the diet, without any harmful effect on growth. Also, chitin may improve the poorer growth rate of chicks fed dried whey, but not all of the adverse effects of whey.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.236.2-236
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• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.228.2-228
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• 1998

No Abstract, See Full Text