• Title/Summary/Keyword: chemical restoration

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An Analysis of Ecological Habitat Characteristics in the Nonsan Stream and Yanghwa Stream (논산천과 양화천 수계 내 하천 생물서식처의 특성 분석)

  • Ahn, Tae-Woong;Ahn, Hong-Kyu;Chun, Seung-Hoon;Choi, Jun-Kil;Ha, Sung-Ryong;Oh, Jong-Min
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.127-140
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    • 2010
  • This study investigates the relation between the location of a habitat and the ecological connections according to the habitat type in the riparian zone at the Nonsan Stream and Yanghwa Stream. Stream habitat is classified into nine types for the aquatic insects and fish. For vegetation and birds, habitat is classified into two types of medium-scale streams, including both physical and chemical streams are analyzed accordingly. Nowadays, The fundamental goal of the river environment restoration enterprise is the rehabilitation or the restoration of the characteristic the river scenic or environment. For instance, The Channel habitats which has physical nature environment such as flat, speedy rapids, or closed-channel wetland, pool are constructed by artificial, Consequently, make them autogenesis smoothy eco-environment. However, the river environment are controlled not only physical environment, but it also need reasonable the quality of the water to compose smoothly. Finally, understanding what influence are effecting on physical habitat environment which are made by natural factors to water quality are very important factor for the river environment restoration enterprise Therefore, In this research, we are targeting to a basin to investigate the environment of the physical channel habitat and evaluate the changing of the water quality. This results will be a important characteristic that can judge the physical habitat and reciprocality connected to the water quality or adequacy of restoration technology. Therefore in this study, as a step to quantify functions and values of habitats and definite factors to perform habitat, we selected a representative stream of sand-stream, gravel-stream to classify habitat characteristics and quantified the physical, chemical, biological characteristics.

Effect of Earthworms on Collembola Abundance in Temperate Forest Soil Ecosystem (온대 숲 토양 생태계에서 지렁이가 톡토기류 개체수에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Ju-Hyung;Park, Ji-Hyun;Yoo, Ji-Yeon;Han, Su-Hyun;Nam, Bo-Eun;Kim, Jae-Geun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.97-106
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    • 2010
  • Earthworm, a prominent ecosystem engineer within many terrestrial ecosystems, can exert profound influences on various abiotic/biotic environments through bioturbation processes such as burrowing, casting and mixing of litter and soil. In this study, we investigated how the presence or absence of earthworm (Oligochaeta) can alter the soil physico-chemical conditions and ultimately the distribution and abundance of Collembola which constitutes a large proportion of the soil fauna. During September 2010, soil organisms along with soil samples were collected from randomly installed 20 plots in Mt. Gwan-ak. We examined the differences in the abundance of Collembola among plot samples in respect to the presence/absence of earthworm and soil physico-chemical conditions (i.e., pH, $PO_4^{3-}$, $NO_3^{2-}$, organic matter (OM), electrical conductance and water content). Analysis of soil physico-chemical environment revealed a significantly higher organic matter content and electrical conductance in plots with earthworm compared to plots without earthworm. Abundance of Collembola were not only higher in plots with earthworm than in plots without earthworm, but were also positively correlated with availability of OM present in the environment. The results suggest that positive impacts of earthworm on the abundance of Collembola in this study may have been due to their ability to effectively modify soil physico-chemical conditions favored by Collembola. Such conspicuous influence of earthworm's activity on below-ground community suggests their potential significance in forest restoration or revegetation process.

A Study on the Ecological Restoration Strategies for the Disturbed Landscapes (경관훼손지의 생태적 복구방안에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Nam-Choon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.28-44
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    • 1998
  • This study was conducted to suggest the ecological restoration strategies for the disturbed landscapes by theoretical study. Especially, it is aimed to suggest three objectives for restoration by using native plants ; (1) prevention or reduction of wind and water erosion, (2) provision of food and cover for variety of animal species, (3) improvement of the visual or aesthetic quality of disturbed sites. The main results were summarized as follows. 1. Cooperation between restoration ecologists and restoration practitioners is needed to delineate a scientific approach to restoration ; (1) Being aware of published literature that describes similar work and/or establish general principles. (2) Preparedness to carry out proper experiments to test ideas. (3) Preparedness to monitor fundamental parameters in a restoration scheme. (4) Providing information about the behavior of species. (5) Publish results. 2. There are three models of succession in theories of plant succession. The tolerance and facilitation models were recommended to ecological restoration. The inhibition model applies in most secondary succession, but the actual species which are introduced first may inhibit the germination and growth of slower-growing species, or they may prevent the growth of other species whose propagules arrive later. 3. The objectives of erosion control, wildlife habitat provision, and visual quality improvement are not mutually exclusive. However, many revegetation practices in the past have emphasized one of these aspects at the expense of the others. 4. A native plant community can be the model of ecological restoration. By stylization/abstraction of native plant community, trying to learn the most essential characteristics of community types - environmental factors ; dominant, prevalent, and "visual essence" species composition - in order to use such information in restoration. 5. After developing mass/spaces plan, match plant communities to the mass/space plan. In utilizing community grouping, there needs aesthetic ability to understand design elements. 6. Several hydrophytes such as Pennisetum saccharifluous, Themeda triandra, Cirsium pendulum show relatively good germination rates. In case of mesophytes and xerophytes, Arundinella hina, Artemisia princeps, Oenothera odorata and legumes seem to have quick-germinating abilities at barren sites. Pinus thunbergii, Rhus chinensis, Evodia daniellii, Alnus firma and Albizzia julibrissin can be considered as "late succession" woody plants because they show low germinating rates and slow growing habitat. 7. The seeds used for restoration should be collected within a certain radius of where it will be planted. Consideration in genetic issues in the collection and use of germplasm can increase the odds for successful restoration efforts. 8. The useful model in the "drift" pattern occurs so abundantly in naturally evolving landscapes. As one species diminishes in density, a second or third species are increased. Thus, dynamic interactions between species are created. Careful using of "drift phenomenon" in planting was recommended. 9. Virtually no stand of vegetation today is immune from the introduction and/or spreading of exotic species. Therefore, the perpetuation of a restored sites requires conscious monitoring and management. Thus, management would be the most important process in ecological restoration. 10. In order to keep the sites "natural", alternative management strategies would be applied in management ; Atenative management strategies are decelerating successional process, accelerating successional processes or modifying species composition. As management tools, mechanical, chemical, biological or environmental factor manipulation, e.g., fire could be used.

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Ecological Monitoring on Changes in Microclimate, Vegetation and Soil Properties after 2 Years in Restoration Project Sites Linking the Ridgeline of Baekdudaegan (백두대간 생태축 복원사업 2년 후 산림미기상, 식생 및 토양특성 변화 모니터링)

  • Park, Yeong Dae;Kwon, Tae Ho;Ma, Ho Seop
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.125-136
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    • 2016
  • The Korea Forest Service(KFS) has been initiating restoration activities of ridgeline in damaged and fragmented areas of Baekdudaegan since 2011. Completed project in Ihwaryeong, Yuksimnyeong & Beoljae(2012; 2013) were selected as sites for this study. The changes in microclimate condition, vegetation composition and soil properties between project sites and adjacent stands were compared to evaluate the effect of restoration at early stage(after 2years). Pinus densiflora was planted mainly for these restoration sites, however Robinia pseudoacacia and Alnus sibirica invaded the area two years after the restoration activities. Ihwaryeong showed the most changes in understory vegetation among the study sites. Exotic species, such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Oenothera odorata, Erigeron annuus, and Coreopsis tinctoria invaded Ihwaryeong, and the dominance have invaded currently. It resulted from the poor survival rate of trees and high difference in microclimate wherein there's an increased temperature and decreased humidity in both restored sites and adjacent stands. In addition, it is also caused by poor soil chemical property, especially pH and organic matter content due to lack of humus layer and its accumulation, compared to adjacent forest soil in restored sites. Significant difference on chemical soil property was observed between restored sites and adjacent forest but no significant difference was observed after two years of restoration. Ecological monitoring is needed to understand the ecological changes after restoration and to establish a long-term management strategy.

The Effect of Gamma ray irradiation on Paper Properties (감마선 조사처리가 지류의 물성에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeong, Hye-Young;Choi, Kyoung-Hwa;Park, Ji-Hee;Jung, Pil-Mun;Choi, Jong-Il
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.43-49
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    • 2010
  • Recently, the use of fumigants for pest control of paper cultural heritages are limited because of the high toxicity of fumigants and the production of environment-harmfully compounds. Therefore, many non-chemical methods have been discussed and experimented. And it is recently focused on gamma radiation, which is one of non-chemical methods, for pest control of paper cultural heritage in Korea. In this paper, we carried out a gamma ray irradiation of papers including Hanji, copy paper, filter paper and then analyzed a physical properties and optical properties of paper sample to estimate the effect of gamma ray irradiation on paper properties. In result, gamma radiation have adverse effect on a physical properties and optical properties of paper, especially Hanji. Therefore, we have to carefully consider about using of gamma ray for pest control of paper cultural heritages.

Replicating the chemical composition of the binder for restoration of historic mortars as an optimization problem

  • Miriello, D.;Lezzerini, M.;Chiaravalloti, F.;Bloise, A.;Apollaro, C.;Crisci, G.M.
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.553-563
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    • 2013
  • The present study aims to show how the problem of reproducing, as closely as possible, binders of historic mortars by mixing raw materials which are commercially available, can be formulated as a linear optimization problem. The study points out that by mixing five standard raw materials (end-members) it is possible to obtain mortar binders with the almost same chemical compositions of those determined on the historic and archaeological mortar samples studied in some recent scientific papers. An advanced function of the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, the Solver add-in, was used for the calculation of the right amount of each raw material to be mixed for producing the new binders. This approach could be useful to provide an optimal solution in the process of restoration of ancient monuments, where it is necessary to replace the historic mortars with new highly compatible repair mortars.

A Study on the Restoration of Neunggil Village Forests in Jinan (마을숲 복원에 관한 연구 - 전북 진안군 동향면 능금리 능길 마을을 사례로 -)

  • Park, Jee-Chul;Kim, Byung-Sup;Yun, Sung-Ho;Park, Sun-Mi
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.10 no.3 s.24
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    • pp.27-32
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study is on identifying the restoration guidelines of supplementary village grove and villageside forest in case of Neunggil village in Jinan county of Korea. These forests were managed very well before industrialization by village residents in order to obtain fuels and organic fertilizers traditionally. But recently, these forests were abandoned by using natural gas, oil and chemical fertilizer. Therefore, species diversity of these forests was downward and traditional rural landscape was lost. Accordingly, this study suggested the restoration guidelines of these forests through restoring the relationship between man and nature. For this, vegetation map was made by quadrat method. And management guidelines of these forests were suggested by the analysis of vegetation map. Also, for the restoration of supplementary village grove, Miyawiki professor's method of Yokohama university through introducing potential natural vegetation was suggested.