• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.154-156
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• 1990

The alternating copolymers of dihydropyran(DP)-maleic anhydride(MA), dihydrofuran(DF)-MA and DF-vinylene carbonate(VC) were prepared by free radical copolymerization of DP or DF with MA or VC. The reactivity ratios for poly(DF-VC) were found to be less than unity (0.05, 0.04) and its alternating sequences were obtained by feeding an equimolar amount of the comonomers at the onset of copolymerizations. The copolymers were hydrolyzed to give poly(TP-CE), poly(TF-CE) and poly(TF-HE), whose cytotoxicities against normal and tumor cells (3LL, B16) were measured in vitro.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.164-166
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• 1988

7-Dithiocarboxy-3-phenyl-5,6-dihydro imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolium-betaine (2) was prepared by treatment of 3-phenyl-5,6-dihydro imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole (1) with carbon disulfide in acetone at room temperature. On the reaction of 2 with para-substituted phenacyl bromides (4) having the electron withdrawing property by virtue of (+) resonance (R) < (-) inductive (I) or (-) resonance (R), (-) inductive (I) effect, ring transformation product p-substituted-2-[2-[7-(p-substituted benzoyl)-5-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-c] thiazol-1-yl]-2-phenylvinylthio] acetophenone (6) was obtained; however, when R is electron donating grops with (+) resonance (R) > (-) inductive (I) effect the quarternary ammonium salt 7-(p-substituted phenyl) carbonyl methyl-3-phenyl-5,6-dihydro imidazo [2,1-b] thiazolium bromide (8) is formed. The reaction of 2 with unsubstituted-phenacyl bromide (R = H), on the other hand, gives 6a and 8a to the similar ratio, respectively.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 1991

Polychloroprene rubber was moisture-cured after treating them with silane coupling agents such as 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane(MPS), 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane(MAS) and vinyltriethoxysilane(VES), especially MPS. The cure reaction is composed of two steps. The first is the reaction between chlorine atoms of CR and silane coupling agents. The second is the formation of cross-links which are siloxane linkage. The linkage is formed by the condensation of silanol groups which are produced by the hydrolysis of alkoxysilyl groups. The first reaction was kinetically studied and the reactivity of CR to silane coupling agents was determined in previous literature. Crosslinking density and mechanical properties of the moisture-cured elastomer filled with silica or non-filled were studied and the feasibility of this cure system was discussed.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2021

With increasing interest in fluorinated compounds, nucleophilic fluorination reaction has been generally used for synthesizing fluorine-containing chemicals. However, alkali metal fluorides (MFs) generally have low solubility and reactivity in organic solvent. To overcome these problems, various phase transfer catalysts (PTCs) have been investigated. Calix-arene is known as to capture the metal cation(M⁺), and therefore in this review, we would like to introduce several kinds of calix-arene based PTCs, such as bis-tert-alcohol-functionalized crown-6-calix[4]arene (BACCA), oligo-ethylene glycol linked bis-triethyleneglycol crown-5-calix[4]arene (BTC5A), and ionic liquid functionalized calix-arene based catalyst, as well as ion-pair receptor crown-6-calix[4]arene-capped calix[4]pyrrole.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.333-338
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated carbonation-regeneration and agglomeration characteristics of dry sorbents. Experiment has been proceeded in the batch-type reactor, which is made of quartz: 0.05 m of I.D and 0.8 m in height. The sorbents that is collected at the cyclone of the carbonation reactor of continuous process were used in this study. The reactivity was studied at the various concentrations of water vapor, $N_2$ and $CO_2$ in the fluidizing gas at regeneration reaction. As a result, the reactivity increased as the regeneration temperature increased, the reactivity decreased as the concentration of water vapor increased. The absorption capacity showed the highest value in case of using $N_2$ 100% as regeneration gas. And decreased in order of $H_2O+N_2$, $CO_2$ 100% and $H_2O+CO_2$. The agglomeration characteristics were investigated according to the particle sizes and concentrations of water vapor at carbonation reaction. As a result, the particle with smaller size and higher concentration of water vapor showed the higher agglomeration characteristic.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.4 s.65
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• pp.231-238
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• 1986

Molecular orbital theoretical study on the stability of conformations and chemical reactivity of 0,0-diethylphenylphosphate derivatives were carried out by EHT and CNDO/2 molecular orbital calculation method. The results shown that the dipole moment(${\mu}$) and total energies of the ${\theta}=90^{\circ}$ conformer were ${\mu}=3.185D\;&\;E_t=-162.6479(au)$ and also that of the ${\theta}=0^{\circ}$ conformer were ${\mu}=5.596D\;&\;E_t=-162.4013(au)$, respectively. Therefore, the values of ${\mu}\;&\;E_t$ of the ${\theta}=90^{\circ}$ conformer were much smaller than that of the ${\theta}=0^{\circ}$ conformer. The form with angle of rotation ${\theta}=90^{\circ}$ of phenyl ring was shown to be most stable and this was interpreted in terms of electrostatic and steric effect. 0,0-diethylphenylphosphate derivatives are predicted to increase both charge and orbital controlled $SN_2$ reactivity of the electron withdrawing substituent reduces the HOMO & LUMO energy, while the electron withdrawing substituent due to increase in positive charge of phosphorus atom of phosphate molecule.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2019

The rapid development of the automobile industry is an important factor that led to the dramatic development of synthetic rubber. The tread part of tire that comes in direct contact with the road surface is related to the service life of the tire. Rubber compounds used in tire treads are often blended with SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber) and BR (butadiene rubber) to satisfy physical property requirements. However, when two or more kinds of rubber are blended, phase separation and silica dispersion problems may occur due to non-uniform mixing of the rubber. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized an SBR copolymer with the same composition as that of a typical SBR/BR blend compound by controlling butadiene content during ESBR (emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber) synthesis. Subsequently, silica filled compounds were manufactured using the synthesized ESBR, and their mechanical properties, dynamic viscoelasticity, and crosslinking density were compared with those of the SBR/BR blended compound. When the content of butadiene was increased in the silica filled compound, the cure rate accelerated due to an increased number of allylic positions, which typically exhibit higher reactivity. However, the T-2 compound with increased butadiene content by synthesis less likely to show an increase in crosslink density due to poor silica dispersion. In addition, the T-3 compound containing high cis BR content showed high crosslink density due to its monosulfide crosslinking structure. Because of the phase separation, SBR/BR blend compounds were easily broken and showed similar $M_{100%}$ and $M_{300%}$ values as those of other compounds despite their high crosslink density. However, the developed blend showed excellent abrasion resistance due to the high cis-1,4 butadiene content and low rolling resistance due to the high crosslink density.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2006

The industrial systems contain many sites and components susceptible to biofilms formation. Biofilms play an important role in microbial growth and industrial fouling. Thus, the control of the biofilms in industrial systems has been emphasized, however, the efficient controlling method was not provided yet. Since silver compounds have no residual and corrosion problem, the interest for silver compounds as a biofilm control disinfectant has been increased. In this study, we attempted to examine the disinfection ability of silver compounds. The disinfection efficiency of two silver compounds(silver ion and silver oxide) were evaluated for biofilms in comparison with suspended cells using well known indicator microorganisms(E. coli, P. aeruginosa) and compared with that of chlorine. Silver compounds were found to be effective in inactivating E. coli and P. aeruginosa biofilms. The reason for superiority of silver compounds as biofilm disinfectant was suggested by that silver can penetrate into the inner biofilm matrix faster than chlorine without consumption. This study reports that the disinfectant which is highly effective in inactivating the suspended cells in water becomes the less effective for controlling biofilm because of its high reactivity. This results imply that the effective strategy for biofilm control can be achieved by considering thoroughly the chemical nature of disinfects and biofilm structure and the reactivity between them.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.734-739
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• 2009

Characteristics of pyrolysis, partial oxidation, combustion of chlorella, which is one species of micro-algae, were determined by using thermobalance reactor(I.D. 5.5 cm, Height 1 m). Effect of reaction temperature($500{\sim}800^{\circ}C$), water content in chlorella(0~60%), and oxygen content(0~21vol%) on thermal decomposition of chlorella were also determined and analyzed to investigate the kinetic characteristics of pyrolysis, partial oxidation and combustion. As the temperature and partial pressure increases, the carbon conversion increases. In case of pyrolysis, carbon conversion and reactivity sharply decreased with increasing moisture content. However, carbon conversion and reactivity decreased at 60% water content in case of partial oxidation and combustion. As reaction temperature and oxygen content increased, carbon conversion increased and the combustion reaction rate equation for chlorella has been presented. $\frac{dX}{dt}=(7.41{\times}10^{-1})$exp$\left(-\frac{19600}{RT}\right)(P_{O_{2}})^{0.209}(1-X)^{2/3}$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.501-507
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• 1995

The electronic structure of cis-$[Cr(cyclam)Cl_2]Cl$ has been investigated by the emission and excitation spectroscopy at 77K, and infrared and visible spectroscopy at room temperature. The ten electronic transitions due to spin-allowed and spin-forbidden are assigned. The zero-phonon line in the excitation spectrum splits into two components by $139\;cm^{-1}$, and it can be reproduced by modern ligand field theory. According to the results of ligand field analysis, we can confirm that nitrogen atoms of the cyclam ligand have a strong ${\sigma}$-donor character, but chloride ligand has weak ${\sigma}-$ and ${\pi}-$donor properties toward chromium(III) ion.