• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.527-534
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• 1999

솔잎의 제조방법별 열수추출물(HPNP, CPNP, FPN)의 항산화성을 검토하기 위하여 in vitro상에서 실험을 수행하였다. 각 추출물들의 지방산화 억제능을 측정한 결과, $Fe^{2+}$이온 첨가구에서는 HPNP와 FPN이 $Fe^{2+}$ 이온 binding능력이 우수하였으나, CPNP는 오히려 지방산화를 촉진하였고, $Fe^{3+}$이온 첨가구에서는 $Fe^{3+}$이온 binding능력은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 활성 산소종 존재 하에서 솔잎추출물의 첨가가 지방산화에 미치는 영향은 활성산소종보다 지방산화도가 오히려 높게 나타났으며, 가장 낮은 값을 나타낸 FPN도 $KO_2$보다 높게 나타나 포집능력은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 지방산화를 촉진하는 iron 함량은 ferrous iron과 total iron 모두 CPNP가 가장 높게 나타났고, 다음으로 HPNP, FPN순으로 나타났다. 항산화제인 ascorbic acid함량은 FPN, HPNP, CPNP 순으로 나타났다. 산화성 활성 free radical에 전자를 공여하여 산화를 억제시키는 척도인 전자공여능은 HPNP, CPNP, FPN순이었고, HPNP의 전자공여능이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. Speroxide dismutase (SOD) 유사활성을 측정한 결과 HPNP, CPNP, FPN순으로 나타나 SOD 유사활성능은 HPNP가 가장 우수하였다. 솔잎추출물을 각기 다른 pH에서 측정한 아질산염 분해능은 반응용액의 pH가 낮을수록 아질산염 분해능이 높게 나타났고 특히, pH 1.2에서 높은 분해능을 나타내었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.465-472
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• 1999

The aim of this study was to determine the shear bond properties of four dentin bonding systems to internal cervical dentin, and to investigate the effect of the pretreatment for removing smear layer and position of dentin on shear bond strength of dentin bonding agents. The materials tested in this study were consisted of four commercially available dentin bonding systems[Allbond 2(AB), Clearfil Linerbond 2(CL), Optibond FL(OP), Scotchbond Multi-purpose(SB)], a restorative light-cured composite resin[Z100]J and a chelating agent[RC-prep(RC)]. Fifty-six freshly extracted human molars were used in this study. Dentin specimens were prepared by first cutting the root of the tooth 1mm below the cementoenamel junction with a diamond bur in a high speed handpiece under air-water coolant, and then removing occlusal part at pulp horn level by means of a second parallel section, The root canal areas were exposed by means of cutting the dent in specimens perpendicular to the root axis. Dentin specimens were randomly assigned to two groups(pretreated group, not-pretreated group) based on the pretreatment method of dentin surface. In pretreated group, RC was applied to dentin surface for 1minute and then rinsed with NaOCl. In not-pretreated group, dentin surface was rinsed with saline Each groups were subdevided into four groups according to dentin bonding systems. Four dentin bonding systems and a restorative resin were applied according to the directions of manufacturer. The dentin-resin specimens were embedded in a cold cure acrylic resin, and were cut with a low speed diamond saw to the dimension of $1{\times}1mm$. The cut specimens were divided into three groups according to the position of internal cervical dentin. The shear bond properties of dentin-resin specimens were measured with Universal testing machine (Zwick, 020, Germany) with the cross head speed of 0.5mm/min. From this experiment. the following results were obtained : 1. In case of shear bond strength, there was no significant difference among dentin bonding systems in not-pretreated groups, whereas in pretreated groups, the shear bond strengths of AB and of SB were statistically significantly higher than those of CL and of OP. 2. The shear bond strengths of AB and of SB in pretreated groups were significantly higher than those in not-pretreated groups. 3. The shear bond strengths of radicular layer of OP were higher than those of occlusal layer of OP in not-pretreated groups, and of AB in pretreated groups. The shear bond strengths of radicular layer of AB and of CL in not-pretreated groups were higher than those in pretreated group.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.19-40
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• 1971

Since the iron balance is maintained by regulated intestinal absorption rather than regulated excretion, there have been many reports concerning the factors which may influence the intestinal iron absorption. As the liver is the largest iron storage organ of the body, any hepatocellular damage may result in disturbances in iron metabolism, e,g., frequent co-existence of hemochromatosis and liver cirrhosis, or elevated serum iron level and increased iron absorption rate in patients with infectious hepatitis or cirrhosis. In one effort to demonstrate the influence of hepatocellular damage on intestinal iron absortion, the iron absorption rate was measured in the rabbits whose livers were injured by a single subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (doses ranging from 0.15 to 0.5cc per kg of body weight) or by a single irradiation of 2,000 to 16,000 rads with $^{60}Co$ on the liver locally. A single oral dose of $1{\mu}Ci\;of\;^{59}Fe$-citrate with 0.5mg of ferrous citrate was fed in the fasting state, 24 hours after hepatic damage had been induced, without any reducing or chelating agents, and stool was collected for one week thereafter. Serum iron levels, together with conventional liver function tests, were measured at 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 hours after liver damage had been induced. All animals were sacrificed upon the completing of the one week's test period and tissue specimens were prepared for H-E and Gomori's iron stain. Following are the results. 1. Normal iron absorption rate of the rabbit was $41.72{\pm}3.61%$ when 0.5mg of iron was given in the fasting state, as measured by subtracting the amount recovered in stool collected for 7 days from the amount given. The test period of 7 days is adequate, for only 1% of the iron given was excreted thereafter. 2. The intestinal iron absorption rate and serum iron level were significantly increased when the animal was poisoned by a single subcutaneous injection of 0.15cc. per kg. of body weight of carbon tetrachloride or more, or the liver was irradiated with a single dose of 12,000 rads or more. The results of liver function tests which were done simultaneously remained within normal limit except SGOT and SGPT which were somewhat increased. 3. In each case, there has been good correlation between the extent of liver cell damage and degree of increased iron absorption rate or serum iron level. 4. The method of liver damage appeared to make no obvious difference in the pattern of iron deposit in liver. This may be partly due to the fact that tissue specimens were obtained too late, for by this time the elevated serum iron level had returned within normal range and the pathological changes were almost healed. 5. The possible factors and relationship between intestinal iron absorption and hepatic parenchymal cell damage has been discussed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.577-586
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• 2002

본 연구는 엔진구동형 Ni-Ti 합금 파일의 삭제날 각의 차이가 근관 성형 후 근관 내 절삭 면에 형성되는 도말층의 분포, 형태 및 상아세관 내로의 침투 정도 등에 어떤 차이를 보이는가를 알아보기 위함이다. 건전한 36개의 단근관을 갖는 발치된 사람의 단근치를 선택하고 positive cutting angle을 갖는 HEROShaper 파일과 negative cutting angle로 된 ProFile 파일을 이용하여 근관성형 후 절단면에서의 도말층의 양, 분포 형태 및 상아세관내로의 침투 빈도를 주사전자 현미경을 이용하여 사진촬영 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 사용된 엔진구동형 합금 파일의 삭제날 각의 차이에 관계없이 모든 군에서 도말층이 형성되었다. 2. 근관 성형 후 절삭면상에 나타난 도말층 형태는 삭제날 각의 차이에 따라 형태학적인 차이를 보였으며, positive cutting angle과 radial land가 없는 니켈-티타늄 전동통파일에서 상대적으로 적은 양의 도말층 형성을 보였다(p < 0.05). 결론적으로, 본 연구는 삭제날의 각이나 radial land의 유무에 관계없이 사용된 모든 엔진구동형 파일에서 도말층이 형성된 것으로 미루어 근관 성형 시 liquid EDTA와 같은 chealting agent의 사용의 필요성을 시사한다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.561-578
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• 1999

The goal of periodontal therapy is the periodontal regeneration by the removal of microorganisms and their toxic products from the periodontally diseased root surface. To achieve periodontal regeneration, root conditioning as an adjunct to root planing has been done. There are low pH etchants such as citric acid, tetracycline-HCl, and EDTA solution which is a neutral chelating agent. The purpose of present study was to examine the effect of root conditioning by citric acid, tetracycline HCl, and EDTA. Total 35 root specimens(6${\times}$3${\times}$2mm) were prepared from the periodontally diseased teeth, scaled and root planed. The specimens were treated with normal saline for 1 minute, saturated citric acid(pH 1) for 3 minutes, 50mg/ml tetracycline-HCl(pH 2) for 5 minutes, 15% EDTA(pH 7) for 5 minutes using rubbing technique. The specimens were examined under scanning electron microscopy at 1000, and 3000 magnification. On the microphotographs taken at 1000 magnification, the numbers of opened and patent dentinal tubules per unit area(10,640${\mu}m^2$) were counted. And the diameters of opened dentinal tubules per unit are (10,640${\mu}m^2$) were measured. The differences of number and diameter among all groups were statistically analyzed by Kruskal Wallis Test. The results were as follows; 1. In the specimens applied with normal saline(control group), the root surface was finely cracked, and was covered by irregular smear layer. Neither exposed dentinal tubules nor any patent dentinal tubules could be seen. 2. In the specimens applied with saturated citric acid(experimental 1 group), the globular collagen fibers were exposed around the peritubular space, and many dentinal tubules were revealed. 3. In the specimens applied with tetracycline-HCl(experimental 2 group), the process-like collagen fibers were exposed around the peritubular space, and some dentinal tubules were revealed. 4. In the specimens applied with 15% EDTA(experimental 3 group), the root surface was covered by the collagenous fibrillar network, and many dentinal tubules were revealed. 5. The numbers of opened and patent dentinal tubules were significantly more in exp. 1 group and exp. 3 group than in exp. 2 group(P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between exp. 1 group and exp. 3 group. In control group, the number of opened and patent dentinal tubules could not be counted because any dentinal tubules couldn't be seen. 6 . The diameter of opened dentinal tubules was significantly smaller in exp. 1 group and exp. 3 group than in exp. 2 group(P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between exp. 1 group and exp. 3 group. In control group, the diameter of opened dentinal tubules could not be measured because any dentinal tubules couldn't be seen. The results demonstrate that root conditioning with citric acid, tetracycline- HCl, and EDTA is more effective in periodontal healing than only root planing, and 15% EDTA solution can replace low pH etching agents such as citric acid, tetracycline-HCl for root conditioning.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2013

장수진흙버섯 자실체에서 메탄올을 이용해 추출한 물질의 폴리페놀 함량을 측정한 결과 4.2 mg/g으로 확인되었다. 장수진흙버섯 추출물의 B16/F10 melanoma와 NIH3T3 세포주에 대한 독성시험에서 이들 공시세포는 $200{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 50% 이상 생존하여 세포독성은 없는 것으로 확인되었다. DPPH 전자공여능 시험에서 장수진흙버섯 추출물의 항산화 효과는 농도 의존적으로 나타났으며 양성대조군인 BHT에 비해 우수하였다. 장수진흙버섯 추출물을 B16/F10 melanoma 세포에 150 mg/mL 처리하여 세포내 티로시나아제의 저해능을 조사한 결과, 양성대조군인 arbutin은 31.2%의 저해능을 보인 반면, 같은 농도의 장수진흙버섯 추출물 처리군의 저해능은 46.0%로 나타나 장수진흙버섯 추출물의 티로시나아제의 저해능이 양성대조군 보다 높았다. 또한 장수진흙버섯 메탄올 추출물을 B16/F10 melanoma 세포에 처리하여 멜라닌 생성량을 조사한 결과 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 농도 처리군의 멜라닌 생성량은 대조군의 31.3%로 같은 농도의 arbutin을 처리한 군의 43.9%에 비해 효과가 높았으며, 투여한 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 멜라닌의 생성량은 농도 의존적으로 감소하였다. 또한 장수진흙버섯 메탄올 추출물을 분광광도계를 이용하여 자외선 영역에서의 흡수 스펙트럼을 조사한 결과 270-370 nm의 자외선 파장에서 흡광도가 높아 자외선 차단효과가 우수하였다. 따라서 장수진흙버섯의 메탄올 추출물은 피부미백이나 자외선차단 기능성 화장품으로 개발의 가능성이 높다고 사료되었다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 항암제와 면역 조절제로 널리 사용되는 차가버섯을 피부 미백제로 이용할 수 있는지 가능성을 알아보기 위해 멜라닌생성 저해 효과와 자외선 차단 작용과 관련된 여러 실험을 수행하였다. 메탄올을 이용해 차가버섯의 자실체에서 추출한 물질의 총 폴리페놀 함량과 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 31.85 mg/g과 28.33 mg/g으로 측정되었다. B16/F10 melanoma와 NIH3T3 세포주에 추출물의 농도를 10~500 ${\mu}g/mL$으로 처리한 세포생존율 시험에서 시험 세포주의 52% 이상이 생존하여 세포독성은 없는 것으로 확인되었다. DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성과 금속이온 제거능 등의 항산화 시험에서 추출물의 항산화 활성은 양성대조군인 tocopherol이나 BHT에 비해 낮았으나 추출물의 농도가 높아짐에 따라 항산화 활성은 비례적으로 증가하였다. 멜라닌 합성의 초기단계에 관여하는 티로시나아제와 L-DOPA에 차가버섯 메탄올 추출물과 양성대조군인 kojic acid와 arbutin을 각각 직접 처리하고 저해 효과를 측정한 결과 추출물은 양성 대조군인 kojic acid 및 arbutin에 비해 저해 효과가 매우 낮았다. B16/F10 Melanoma 세포에 추출물과 arbutin을 처리하고 세포내 티로시나아제의 저해 활성을 조사한 결과, 100 ${\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 추출물은 68.59%, arbutin은 58.36%의 활성이 저해되어 메탄올 추출물이 arbutin에 비해 티로시나아제 저해활성이 약 10% 높았다. 또한, B16/F10 melanoma 세포에 차가버섯 추출물과 arbutin을 처리하여 생성된 멜라닌의 양을 측정한 결과, 추출물과 arbutin을 처리한 모든 군에서 생성된 멜라닌의 양은 유사하였으며, 처리 농도가 증가함에 따라 농도 의존적으로 생성된 멜라닌의 양은 감소하였다. 따라서 차가버섯 메탄올 추출물은 세포 밖에서 직접 티로시나아제를 저해하는 작용은 양성 대조군에비해 매우 낮았으나 melanoma 세포내에서 티로시나아제와 멜라닌의 생성을 양성대조군과 대등하게 저해하여 피부에 미백효과를 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 또한 차가버섯 메탄올 추출물을 200-400 nm 파장에서 분광광도계를 이용하여 흡수스펙트럼을 측정한 결과, 280-350 nm의 자외선 영역에서 흡광도가 높아 자외선을 효율적으로 차단하는 것으로 나타났다.