• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 1984

분유와 분유로 제조된 cheese의 미세구조(微細構造)가 전자 현미경(顯微鏡)에 의해서 관찰되었다. 동결건조 분유는 사과모양을 나타내었다. 동결건조 분유로 제조된 cheese는 전형적인 용융 cheese와 비교하여 표면의 구조가 비교적 편편하고 백색의 균일한 침적물을 나타내었다. 도입 분유 역시 동결건조 분유와 거의 유사한 모앙을 나타내었고, 도입분유로 제조된 cheese는 균일한 분산을 나타내나 표면이 약간 거칠고 caseins matrix와 침적물 사이에 공간이 있다. 시판 분유는 건조중 변성된 것으로 불규칙한 변성 응고물의 모양을 나타내었다. 시판분유로 제조된 cheese의 모양은 불규칙하고 작은 침적물과 세공성이 큰 것으로 나타나 분유의 열변성도는 cheese의 세공성을 증가시키는 것으로 보인다. 변성된 단백질은 변성되지 않은 단백질보다 polyphosphate에 의한 단백질 분산성이 덜 효과적인 것으로 보인다. 분유로 제조한 cheese의 내부구조에서 지방구막과 casein micelle이 전형적인 용융 cheese에 비해 아주 근접해있고 casein micelle이 아주 치밀한 양상을 나타내었다. 분유의 용융 기작도 전형 적인 cheese의 용융과는 다른 것으로 보인다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2015

The effects of adding shrimp (Periclimenes imperator) powder to Appenzeller cheese on quality and characteristics during ripening were investigated. Cheese samples were prepared containing 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0% shrimp powder. Changes in the lactic acid bacterial populations, pH, water-soluble nitrogen concentrations, consumer acceptability, colour and texture were monitored during ripening. The addition of shrimp powder did not affect the appearance or consumer sensory characteristics of the cheeses. Likewise, cheese cohesiveness, fracturability, and springiness were not significantly altered. It was concluded that the quality of the Appenzeller cheese was not affected by adding shrimp powder.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.879-885
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• 2011

This study was to identify and quantify the flavor compounds in cream cheese and cholesterol-removed cream cheese made from whole milk powder stored at $7^{\circ}C$ for 4 wk. Flavor compounds of cream cheese were identified using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy and quantified by gas chromatography. The tentatively identified flavor compounds were mainly eight from fatty acids in cream cheese made from whole milk powder (CCWMP) and nine from fatty acids in cholesterol-removed cream cheese made from whole milk powder (CRCCWMP). In quantitative analysis of the flavor compounds, most of the volatile compounds were slightly increased during storage. N-Decanoic acid was produced only in CCWMP. On the basis of the results, it was concluded that the quality and quantity of flavor compounds in CCWMP and CRCCWMP have almost no adverse effects in comparison with that of whole milk-made cream cheese.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2012

This study was aimed to compare the texture and sensory properties of Cream cheese and cholesterol-removed Cream cheese made from the whole milk powder (CRWMP) during storage at $7^{\circ}C$ for 4 wk. The cholesterol reduction by crosslinked ${\beta}$-CD was about 92% in CRWMP. In texture studies, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness had increased during the storage period of 4 wk in both cheeses, irrespective of treatment. In the sensory properties, cooked milk flavor was found to have decreased, whereas sourness had increased with increasing storage period of 4 wk in whole milk powder Cream cheese. On the basis of our results, we conclude that the cholesterol removal in CRWMP does not cause any adverse effect on the texture and sensory properties of Cream cheese made with whole milk powder.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.841-847
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 새싹보리를 첨가하여(1, 2%) 스트링치즈를 제조하고 품질 특성을 검토하였다. pH는 새싹보리를 첨가한 스트링치즈에서 낮은 값을 보였으며 첨가 농도에 따른 유의적 차이는 보이지 않았다. 아미노산 함량은 새싹보리를 첨가함에 따라 threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, arginine, alanine, proline, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, glutamic acid 등의 함량이 비례적으로 증가하였고, 총 아미노산 함량도 대조구에 비하여 새싹보리 2% 첨가 치즈에서 높았다. 색도는 L*(명도)와 a*(적색도)에서 새싹보리 첨가량이 증가함에 따라서 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며, b*(황색도)는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 물성의 경우 새싹보리 첨가량이 증가할수록 경도와 검성, 씸힙성은 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, 반대로 응집성은 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 신전성 측정 결과 새싹보리를 첨가하지 않은 스트링치즈보다 새싹보리 첨가 스트링치즈의 신전성이 증가함을 확인하였다. 총 페놀 함량은 새싹보리 2% 첨가 치즈에서 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였으며, 총 플라보노이드와 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 치즈가루를 여러 수준(0%, 6%, 12%, 18%, 24%)으로 첨가하여 설기떡을 제조하고 일반성분, 색도, 조직감, 표면구조, 관능적 특성 등을 평가함으로써 치즈 설기떡의 대중화 가능성을 살펴보았다. 일반성분 분석 결과 수분함량은 치즈가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮게 나타난 반면, 조단백질, 조지방 및 회분 함량은 높게 나타났다. 설기떡의 색도측정에서 L값은 대조군이 가장 높게 나타났고 첨가군 사이에는 치즈가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮게 나타났다. 적색도를 나타내는 a값은 대조군보다 치즈가루 첨가군에서 낮게 나타났으며 b값은 치즈가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 높게 나타났다. 경도, 응집성, 탄성 및 깨짐성은 대조군과 6% 첨가군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었고 12%, 18% 및 24% 첨가군은 대조군보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 표면 미세구조를 관찰한 결과, 대조군은 비교적 균일한 구조를 가지고 있고 작은 기공이 많이 보였으나 치즈가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 작은 기공들은 거의 찾아볼 수 없고 치즈가루와 멥쌀가루가 엉켜져서 굵은 입자로 구성됨을 볼 수 있었다. 관능적 특성강도 검사 결과, 설기떡의 표면색, 냄새 및 느끼한 정도는 치즈가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 높은 점수로 평가된 반면, 부드러운 정도와 촉촉한 정도는 대조군이 가장 높게 평가되었고 치즈가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮은 점수로 평가되었다. 기호도 검사 결과 표면색, 냄새, 맛은 각 시료들 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었고 조직감은 대조군이 가장 좋은 점수로 평가되었으며 치즈가루 첨가군 간에는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 전체적인 기호도에서는 각 첨가군들 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 설기떡 제조에 치즈가루를 이용하는 것이 가능함을 알 수 있었으며 치즈가루 첨가로 인하여 대조군에 비해 부족해진 수분함량을 보충한다면 치즈가루를 첨가한 설기떡의 상품화도 가능하리라 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.866-877
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• 2018

Cheese emulsion is an intermediate product for the production of cheese powder and needs to be stable, homogeneous and pumpable characteristics to convey to the spray drier. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fat reduction and emulsifying salt (ES) amount in cheese emulsion systems on the physicochemical characteristics. Reduced-fat (RF) and full-fat (FF) white-brined cheese emulsions were produced with different dry matters (DM; 15%-25% excluding ES) and ES concentrations (0%-3% based on cheese weight). Stable cheese emulsion was obtained at lower DM in RF cheese emulsion than that of FF cheese emulsion. Reduction in the amount of ES resulted in instability of both emulsions. Apparent viscosity with pseudoplastic flow behavior significantly increased with the decrease of fat content in stable cheese emulsions. Microstructure of emulsions appeared to be related to the fat content, stability and degree of emulsification. Reduction of fat content caused to get less lightness and more greenness in color, whereas yellowness was significantly decreased by increase in the amount of ES. In conclusion, fat reduction resulted in higher viscosities of cheese emulsion due to inducing the increment of protein, and the addition amount of ES considered as very important factor to produce stable cheese emulsion without protein precipitation or cream separation. Therefore, for preparation of RF cheese emulsion using a variety of white-brined cheese, lower amounts of DM would be suggested in this study to obtain homogenous droplets in the atomizing process of spray drying.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.584-589
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different types of $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD) treatments on chemical and sensory characteristics of cholesterol-reduced cream cheese. The cholesterol removal rates were 92.0% in cream cheese treated by powder $\beta$-CD, and 82.6% in cream cheese treated by crosslinked $\beta$-CD. Amounts of short-chain fatty acid and free amino acids were significantly lower in cream cheese made by crosslinked $\beta$-CD-treated milk, especially after 2 weeks storage, compared with those of no $\beta$-CD-treated control and cream cheese made by powder $\beta$-CD treated milk. Among rheological properties, cohesiveness was significantly higher, and gumminess in cream cheese made by crosslinked $\beta$-CD-treated milk was slightly lower than others. In sensory analysis, no difference was found in texture among treatments, while bitterness was lower in the early stage of storage, and overall quality was higher score, in cream cheese made by crosslinked $\beta$-CD-treated cream at 3 and 4 week storage, compared with those in control and powder $\beta$-CD-treated group. The present study indicated that crosslinked $\beta$-CD treatment resulted in an efficient cholesterol removal rate over 80% and a deceleration of ripening, which may provide a longer shelf life without significant adverse effects in chemical and sensory properties.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.987-1001
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• 2021

One of the most critical issues in the dairy industry, alongside the low birth rate and the aging population, is the decrease in demand for milk. In this study, the consumption trends of 12 major dairy products distributed in Korea were predicted using a logistic model, the Gompertz model, and the Bass diffusion model, which are representative S-shaped growth models. The 12 dairy products are fermented milk (liquid type, cream type), butter, milk powder (modified, whole, skim), liquid milk (market, flavored), condensed milk, cheese (natural, processed), and cream. As a result of the analysis, the growth potential of butter, condensed milk, natural cheese, processed cheese, and cream consumption among the 12 dairy products is relatively high, whereas the growth of the remaining dairy product consumption is expected to stagnate or decrease. However, butter and cream are by-products of the skim milk powder manufacturing process. Therefore, even if the consumption of butter and cream grows, it is difficult to increase the demand of domestic milk unless the production of skim milk powder produced from domestic milk is also increased. Therefore, in order to support the domestic dairy industry, policy support should be focused on increasing domestic milk usage for the production of condensed milk, natural cheese, and processed cheese.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2019

Fat reduction in the formulation of cheese emulsion causes problems in its flowability and functional characteristics during spray-dried cheese powder production. In order to eliminate these problems, the potential of using microparticulated whey protein (MWP) in cheese emulsions was examined in this study. Reduced-fat white-brined cheese emulsions (RF) with different dry-matters (DM) (15%, 20%, and 25% excluding emulsifying salt) were produced using various MWP concentrations (0%-20% based on cheese DM of emulsion). Their key characteristics were compared to full-fat cheese emulsion (FF). MWP addition had no influence on prevention of the phase separation observed in the instable group (RF 15). The most notable effect of using MWP was a reduction in apparent viscosity of RF which significantly increased by fat reduction. Moreover, increasing the amount of MWP led to a decrease in the values of consistency index and an increase in the values of flow behavior index. On the other hand, using high amounts of MWP made the emulsion more liquid-like compared to full-fat counterpart. MWP utilization also resulted in similar lightness and yellowness parameters in RF as their full-fat counterparts. MWP in RF increased glossiness and flowability scores, while decreased mouth coating scores in sensory analyses. Fat reduction caused a more compact network, while a porous structure similar to FF was observed with MWP addition to RF. In conclusion, MWP showed a good potential for formulation of reduced-fat cheese emulsions with rheological and sensorial characteristics suitable to be used as the feeding liquid in the spray drying process.