• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.91-94
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• 2016

This study is focused on the development and application of automotive lighting system simulator device to help understanding of the repair and overhaul, electrical instrumentation and automotive circuit checks the contents of the automotive electrical system. The purpose of this study is to define the circuit numeracy, circuit repair preparation skills, detachable power, circuit analysis capabilities, inspection and measurement capability, and repair (problem solving) skills, through the cultivation of clean ability to increase the understanding of electrical equipment maintenance circuitry to verify the improvement of the repair. Automotive electrical device requires understanding of the invisible parts, and understanding of the various symbols and complex circuitry to measure the basic checks and repair are indispensable. This paper would likely contribute to help students to gain more interest in the fields that they feel difficult such as basic skills which necessary to cultivate a variety of electrical equipment fault diagnosis of the basic knowledge needed for electric cars practical.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.355-370
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• 2003

In offline check systems, a client does not have to pay the exact amount. Instead, a client refunds the difference between the check value and the paid amount. In most offline systems, clients can not spend the remainder. But if the refund can be made spendable, it would provide a more convenient payment method. In this paper, we present a new offline system, which allows refunds to be reused as payments. In our system, the shop issues a new check using its private key for the difference. This new check, called the refund check, can be spent in the same way as checks issued by the bank. If the refund check is deposited to, or refunded at the bank, the bank charges the issuer of the check for the amount. The form of a check in this system is much simpler than previous check systems. It also uses a more flexible and efficient denomination method. The refund check is unlinkable to the check used in the payment where the refund check was issued. This system provides coin and owner tracing mechanisms to reinforce controls on illegal use of anonymous checks and was designed with consideration to the atomicity of transactions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of the drying rate, temperature distribution and vapor pressure on the surface checks occurring during the air circulating oven-drying of hollowed short Japanese larch (Larix Kaemferi C.) round posts treated with coating (CO) and vapor-dam (VD). The hollowed round posts could be dried from the green condition to a moisture content of approximately 8% in 72 to 144 hours. The temperature in the hole was higher than that inside of wood for Control and VD specimens, while VD specimen showed opposite distribution. The vapor pressure inside the wood was higher than that in the hole for the CO and VD specimens during hole drying stage. There were few surface checks found in the specimens but the number increased in order the of CO, VD and Control specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Vapor-dam treatment on drying drying rates, prevention of checks and V-shaped split during air circulating oven drying bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel et Z) tube. It was shown that the drying time from green to around 7~8 % of moisture content was required less as drying schedule was more severe, and distinctly dominated by the drying rate during the initial drying stage. Area shrinkages in cross section and thickness shrinkages measured during air circulating oven drying test were very large. Surface checks and V-shaped splits were occurred in untreated samples just after the beginning of drying, while sixty seven percentages of all the Vapor-dam treated samples could be produced without drying defects. The V-shaped splits occurred in the Vapor-dam treated samples were influenced more by the sealing of the vapor evaporation through the cross section than drying schedule.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.73-85
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• 2001

Electronic check schemes are more efficient than electronic coin scheme with respect to computational costs and the amount of information exchanged. In spite of these, difficulties in making a refund reusable and in representing the face value of a check have discouraged its development. In this paper, a new online electronic check system is presented, which solves the above problems. This system uses the partially blind signature to provide user anonymity and to represent the face value of a check. The partially blind signature enables us to make the format of refunds and initially withdrawn checks identical. Thus, it allows refunds to be reused to buy goods without any limitatiosn. Both initially withdrawn checks and refunds in our system guarantee untraceability as well as unlinkability. We also use a one-time secret key as the serial number of a check to increase the efficiency of payments. The presented check system also provides multiple offline shopping sessions to minimize the number of online messages handled by a bank. During the multiple offline shopping session, we use a one-way accumulator to provide non-repudiation service. We also analyze our new systems our new system\`s security, efficiency, and atomicity.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.397-405
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• 2022

Objectives: This study examines the effect on the frequency of ramyeon consumption based on who checks nutrition labels and on the levels of sodium-related nutrition knowledge among middle school students in the Incheon area. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 359 students (143 males and 216 females) from May to October 2021. General information as well as ramyeon-eating behaviors were surveyed. The frequency of ramyeon consumption was compared depending on who checks nutrition labels and on the amount of sodium-related nutrition knowledge students have. Both 𝛘² tests and t-tests were conducted for categorical and mean comparisons. Results: Regarding the consumption of ramyeon, 46% of the students replied that they eat it alone at home. The criteria for choosing the kind of ramyeon to eat were taste (79.4%), price (9.2%), brand and new products (4.5%), nutrition (2.2%), weight control (2.2%), and other factors (2.5%). When purchasing ramyeon, more students replied that they did not read nutrition labels (66.0%) compared to those who did read labels (34.0%). Answers to questions on sodium-related nutrition earned an average of 6.84 out of nine points (males, 6.72 points, females, 6.91 points, ns). The average frequency of ramyeon consumption was 1.67 times per week (males, 1.66, females, 1.68, ns). The frequency of ramyeon consumption by students who checked nutrition labels was lower than for students who did not check labels (1.44 times per week vs. 1.79 times per week, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Students who checked nutrition labels reported a lower frequency of ramyeon consumption than students who did not check them. Education on checking nutrition labels may reduce the consumption of processed foods such as ramyeon and may lead to making healthy choices when purchasing food.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

The unconfined compression strength (UCS) of soils is commonly used either before or during the construction of geo-structures. In the pre-design stage, UCS as a mechanical property is obtained through a laboratory test that requires cumbersome procedures and high costs from in-situ sampling and sample preparation. As an alternative way, the empirical model established from limited testing cases is used to economically estimate the UCS. However, many parameters affecting the 1D soil compression response hinder employing the traditional statistical analysis. In this study, gene expression programming (GEP) is adopted to develop a prediction model of UCS with common affecting soil properties. A total of 79 undisturbed soil samples are collected, of which 54 samples are utilized for the generation of a predictive model and 25 samples are used to validate the proposed model. Experimental studies are conducted to measure the unconfined compression strength and basic soil index properties. A performance assessment of the prediction model is carried out using statistical checks including the correlation coefficient (R), the root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute error (MAE), the relatively squared error (RSE), and external criteria checks. The prediction model has achieved excellent accuracy with values of R, RMSE, MAE, and RSE of 0.98, 10.01, 7.94, and 0.03, respectively for the training data and 0.92, 19.82, 14.56, and 0.15, respectively for the testing data. From the sensitivity analysis and parametric study, the liquid limit and fine content are found to be the most sensitive parameters whereas the sand content is the least critical parameter.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

The nuclear power plant(NPP)'s Instrumentation and Control(I&C) system periodically conducts integrity checks for the maintenance of self-diagnostic function during normal operation. Additionally, it performs functionality and performance checks during planned preventive maintenance periods. However, there is a need for technological development to diagnose failures and prevent accidents in advance. In this paper, we studied methods for estimating the reliability function by utilizing environmental data and self-diagnostic data of the I&C equipment. To obtain failure data, we assumed probability distributions for component features of the I&C equipment and generated virtual failure data. Using this failure data, we estimated the reliability function using representative artificial intelligence(AI) models used in survival analysis(DeepSurve, DeepHit). And we also estimated the reliability function through the Cox regression model of the traditional semi-parametric method. We confirmed the feasibility through the residual lifetime calculations based on environmental and diagnostic data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.295-302
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• 2011

To n the field of nuclear medicine, with regard to checking regular patients, from the moment they register up to the doctor's diagnosis, the person in charge of the checks can find errors in the diagnosis, reexamine, reanalyze the results or save images to PACS. Through this process, the results obtained from the readings are delayed due to checks and additional tests which occur in hospitals, causing patient satisfaction and affected reliability. Accordingly, the purpose is to include visual inspection of the results to minimize error, improve efficiency and increase patient satisfaction. Nuclear medicine and imaging tests from examines at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, from March 2008 to December 2008, were analyzed for errors. The first stage, from January 2009 to December 2009, established procedures and know-how. The second stage from January 2010 until June 2010 conducted Pre-and Post-filtering assessment, and the third stage from July 2010 until October 2010 consisted of cross-checks and attaching stickers and comparing error cases. Of 92 errors, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage had 32 cases, and there were 46 cases after the 4th stage, with the overall errors reduced by 74.3% from 94.6%. In the field of general nuclear medicine, where various kinds of checks are performed according to the patient's needs, analysis, image composition, differing images in PACS, etc, all have the potential for mistakes to be made. In order to decrease error rates, the image can continuously Cross-Check and Confirm diagnosis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2006

This study investigated how wood properties (i.e., annual rings, sapwood, heartwood, and cracks) might affect preservative treatment in Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) round-wood product. We specially focused on small-diameter (~10 cm diameter) wood that is commercially sold in market. Among 100 wood samples, the groups of sample with 13~16, 17~20 annual rings represented 33 and 27 in each frequency, while 2~3 and 4~5 mm annual ring width accounted for 72 and 68 in frequency. More than a half (54%) of wood samples contained a mix of heartwood and sapwood in its surface. The rest (46%) had only heartwood exposed in the wood surface. A wide range of checks were showed in the wood samples, but the highest frequency was observed in samples with 1~6 surface (1~14 mm in size) checks and 1~4 end-grain (8~14 mm in size) checks in each round-wood sample. Pressure treatment resulted in a wide range of penetration of ACQ (Alkaline Copper Quat) into the wood, showing $4.3{\pm}4.19mm$ penetration in the wood samples contained a mix of heartwood and sapwood in its surface. However preservative treatment was much less effective for the heartwood only wood samples, ranging average 1.3 mm with ACQ and 1.1 mm with CCA (Chromated Copper Arsenate). These penetration results shown in heartwood samples did not meet the penetration standard that is required for H3 by the Korean Forest Service in relation to wood preservation treatment. These low penetration results were not significantly improved even if we incised wood samples to improve treatment effect, showing only small increase of 0.7 mm with ACQ and 0.6 mm with CCA. When preservative treatment was tested with heartwood, penetration of preservatives decrease with increase of annual rings per a cross-section area (r=0.5345). We also found that the length and number of check had no effect on preservative treatment, showing r=0.1301 and r=0.1802, respectively.