• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.551-569
• /
• 2024

With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) industry, EV charging service becomes more and more important. Especially, in the case of suddenly drop of air temperature or open holidays that large-scale EVs seeking for charging devices (CDs) in a short time. In such scenario, inefficient EV charging scheduling algorithm might lead to a bad service quality, for example, long queueing times for EVs and unreasonable idling time for charging devices. To deal with this issue, this paper propose a Deep-Q-Network (DQN) based two-stage scheduling method for the large-scale EVs charging service. Fine-grained states with two delicate neural networks are proposed to optimize the sequencing of EVs and charging station (CS) arrangement. Two efficient algorithms are presented to obtain the optimal EVs charging scheduling scheme for large-scale EVs charging demand. Three case studies show the superiority of our proposal, in terms of a high service quality (minimized average queuing time of EVs and maximized charging performance at both EV and CS sides) and achieve greater scheduling efficiency. The code and data are available at THE CODE AND DATA.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.354-363
• /
• 1997

The purpose of the present work is to show the best thermal storage material and the sensitivity of the parameters on the thermal performance by experimentally investigating the effects of the parameters on the thermal performance of the spherical capsule system using paraffins superior to the commercial one. The paraffins were n-Tetradecane and the mixture of n-Tetradecane 40% and n-Hexadecane 60%. The experimental parameters were the Reynolds number of 8, 12, and 16 and the inlet temperature of-7, -4, -1, and $2^{\circ}C$. The charging and the discharing time, the dimensionless thermal storage amount, and the averge heat transfer coefficient in the tank were obtained by utilizing the local temperature variation in the tank. The local charging and discharging time in the tank was axially and radially different a lot. The effects of the inlet temperature on the charging and the discharging time were larger during the charging process than during the discharging process, but the effects of the Reynolds number on the charging and the discharging time were in reverse order. The paraffins were better by 11~72% than the water with the inorganic material in the charging time aspect, but no difference in the discharging time aspect. The effects of the Reynolds number on the dimensionless thermal storage amount were smaller than the effects of the inlet temperature during the charging process, but in reverse order during the discharging process within the working range of the experimental parameters. The effects of the inlet temperature and the Reynolds number on the average heat transfer coefficient were larger during the discharging process than during the charging process. The average heat transfer coefficient for the paraffins was larger by 40% maximum than that for the commercial material during the charing and the discharging process.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.838-843
• /
• 2008

Cause of struggling to escape from dependency of fossil fuels, the fuel cell and the Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) draw attention in the all of the world. Especially, the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) systems have been anticipated for next generation's energy supplying system, and we can predict the PHEV will enlarge the market share in the next few years to reduce not only the air pollution in the metropolis but the fuel-expenses of commuters. This paper presents simulation results about the strategy of smart charging system for PHEV in the residential house which has 1 kW PEMFC cogeneration system. The smart charging system has a function of recommending the best time to charge the battery of PHEV by the lowest energy cost. The simulated energy cost for charging the battery based on the electricity demand data pattern in the house. The house which floor area is $132\;m^2$ (40 pyeong.). In these conditions, the annual gasoline, electricity, and total energy cost to fuel the PHEV versus Conventional Vehicle (CV) have been simulated in terms of cars' average life span in Korea.

• 전력전자학회논문지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.507-514
• /
• 2013

In this paper, the proposed charging algorithm is converted from the charging mode to compensate the transient state in the solar battery charging system. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control methods and the various charging algorithms for the optimal battery charging are reviewed. The proposed algorithm has excellent transient characteristics compare to the previous algorithm by adding the optimal control method to compensate the transient state when the charging mode switches from the constant current mode to the constant voltage mode based on the conventional constant-current constant-voltage (CC-CV) charging algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified by simulations and experimental results.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2011

A primary interest of this work is to develop an efficient and powerful repetitive pulser system for the application of ultra wide band generation. The important component of the pulser system is a small-sized coaxial type spark gap with planar electrodes filled with SF6 gas. A repetitive switching action by the coaxial spark gap generates two consecutive pulses in less than a microsecond with rise times of a few hundred picoseconds (ps). A set of several parameters for the repetitive switching of the spark gap is required to be optimized in charging and discharging systems of the pulser. The parameters in the charging system include a circuit scheme, circuit elements, the applied voltage and current ratings from power supplies. The parameters in the discharging system include the spark gap geometry, electrode gap distance, gas type, gas pressure and the load. The characteristics of the spark gap discharge, such as breakdown voltage, output current pulse and recovery rate are too dynamic to control by switching continuously at a high pulse repetition rate (PRR). This leads to a low charging efficiency of the spark gap system. The breakthrough of the low charging efficiency is achieved by a parallel operation of two spark gaps system. The operational behavior of the two spark gaps system is presented in this paper. The work has focused on improvement of the charging efficiency by scaling the PRR of each spark gap in the two spark gaps system.

• 한국항행학회논문지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.393-400
• /
• 2014

선진 각국과 더불어 국내에서 전기자동차에 대한 보급 및 개발이 급속도로 진행되고 있다. 현재 충전기 규격 및 충전방법, 통신 프로토콜에 대한 표준화가 각국에서 진행 중이며 많은 회사들이 사업에 참여하고 있다. 이러한 전기자동차가 보급되어 기존의 자동차와 같은 양상으로 대중화되기 위해서는 국내 환경에 맞는 인프라 및 네트워크가 구축되어야 할 필요성이 있다. 또한 충전기와 상위 단 서버와의 프로토콜 구축을 넘어 실제 주택환경에서 사용되어질 수 있는 표준화된 프로토콜을 개발하여 관련 산업분야에 적용할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전기자동차충전시스템 연구에 대한 필요성을 제기하고 우리나라에 주택환경에 맞는 멀티충전시스템과 M2M 기술을 이용한 전기자동차 홈 네트워크 모델을 제안하였다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 규석광의 터널 굴착시 굴진장 향상과 사압현상 및 소결현상을 예방하기 위해 모든 장약공의 장약밀도를 다르게 적용하였다. 이 때 심발공은 동일 장약공내에 2개의 뇌관을 이용한 정기폭과 역기폭의 복합기폭방식을 도입하였다. 자유면 형성이 어려운 공저부분은 높은 장약밀도로 장전하고, 주상부분은 공저보다 낮은 장약밀도로 장전함으로써 폭약의 위력이 효과적으로 암반에 대응할 수 있는 공법인 복합장약기폭시스템을 개발하였다. 그 결과 경암이나 장공발파에서 흔히 발생되는 사압현상 및 소결현상 등을 방지할 수 있었다. 또한 1회 천공장 대비 굴진장을 95% 이상 증대시킴으로써 약 15% 정도의 시공능율이 향상되고 비장약량이 20% 정도 감소되었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.217-224
• /
• 2022

Due to the issue of the sustainability in transportation area, the number of electric vehicles has significantly increased. Most automakers have decided or planned to manufacture the electric vehicles rather than carbon fueled vehicles. However, there are still some problems to figure out for the electric vehicles such as long charging time, driving ranges, supply of charging stations. Since the speed of growing the number of electric vehicles is faster than that of the number of charging stations, there are lack of supplies of charging stations for electric vehicles and imbalances of the location of the charging stations. Thus, the location problem of charging stations is one of important issues for the electric vehicles. Studies have conducted to find the optimal locations for the charging stations. Most studies have formulated the problem with deterministic or hierarchical models. In this paper, we have investigated the fluctuations of locations and the capacity of charging stations. We proposed a mathematical model for the location problem of charging stations with the vehicle routing problem. Numerical examples provide the strategy for the location routing problems of the electric vehicles.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1996년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
• /
• pp.556-558
• /
• 1996

PLS 2-GeV linac has 11 sets of high power klystron-modulator system as a main RF source for the beam acceleration. The modulators can provide 200-MW peak pulsed power(400-kV, 500-A) with a pulse width of $7.5{\mu}s$(ESW), a maximum pulse repetition rate of 120-Hz at the full power level. The DC power supply provides a 25-kV, 7-Adc and the charging system consists of a charging inductor, charging capacitor, and the diode for reverse current protection. The charged PFN voltage by a LC resonant charging method has two times of the DC high voltage and the pulsed power is delivered to the load by a thyratron switch. To reduced the press of high voltage lit thyratron switch, the command charging is the best method. In this article, the high voltage switch for the command charging method is tested to the start work and the system is presented with the experiment results of the trigger and operational characteristics.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.677-687
• /
• 2020

This paper deals with the electrical shock that can occur in a car wireless charging system. The recently released the Wireless Power Consortium (WPC) standard specifies that the receiver must be protected from the radio power generated by the transmitter and presents two scenarios in which the receiver may be subjected to electrical shock due to the wireless power generated by the transmitter. The WPC also provides a hardware approach for blocking the wireless power generated by the transmitter to protect the receiver in each situation. In addition, it presents the hardware constraints that must be applied to the transmitter and the parameters that must be constrained by the software. In this paper, we analyze the results of the electric shock in the vehicle using the WPC certified transmitter and receiver in the scenarios presented by WPC. As a result, we found that all the scenarios had electrical shocks on the receiver, which could have a significant impact on the receiver circuitry. Therefore, we propose wireless power transfer limit (WPTL) algorithm to protect receiver circuitry in various vehicle charging environments.