• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.130-133
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of activated charcoal on growth and yield of taro in different degree of activated charcoal concentration. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Stem length was shown the longest in activated charcoal of 10-20％, but shorter in control. Also stem diameter was shown the thickest in activated charcoal of 10-20%, but thinner in control. Length of main root and thickness of main root were good in activated charcoal of 10-20%. Quality and yield of Bupleurum fatcatum was the highest in activated charcoal of 10-20%. Therefore, optimum consistency of activated charcoal was 10-20%.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.337-338
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• 2002

Activated charcoal(AC) is generally used in plant tissue culture. Its addition to plant tissue culture was known to many advantages and disadvantages. We investigate that sucrose hydrolysis, which by autoclaving with or without activated charcoal on different intitial pH and sucrose concentration and that the effect of activated charcoal on plant tissue culture.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.531-542
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• 2018

Batch sorption experiments were performed to remove the uranium (U) in groundwater by using the bamboo charcoal. For 2 kinds of commercialized bamboo charcoals in Korea, the U removal efficiency at various initial U concentrations in water were investigated and the optimal sorption conditions to apply the bamboo charcoal were determined by the batch experiments with replicate at different pH, temperature, and reaction time conditions. From results of adsorption batch experiments, the U removal efficiency of the bamboo charcoal ranged from 70 % to 97 % and the U removal efficiency for the genuine groundwater of which U concentration was 0.14 mg/L was 84 %. The high U removal efficiency of the bamboo charcoal maintained in a relatively wide range of temperatures ($10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$) and pHs (5 ~ 9), supporting that the usage of the bamboo charcoal is available for U contaminated groundwater without additional treatment process in field. Two typical sorption isotherms were plotted by using the experimental results and the bamboo charcoal for U complied with the Langmuir adsorption property. The maximum adsorption concentration ($q_m:mg/g$) of A type and C type bamboo charcoal in the Langmuir isotherm model were 200.0 mg/g and 16.9 mg/g, respectively. When 2 g of bamboo charcoal was added into 100 mL of U contaminated groundwater (0.04 ~ 10.8 mg/L of initial U concentration), the separation factor ($R_L$) and the surface coverage (${\theta}$) maintained lower than 1, suggesting that the U contaminated groundwater can be cleaned up with a small amount of the bamboo charcoal.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.293-297
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of activated charcoal on growth and yield of taro in different degree of activated charcoal concentration. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Stem length was shown the longest in activated charcoal of 10％∼20% , but shorter in control. Also stem diameter was shown the thickest in activated charcoal of 10％∼20%, but thinner in control. Length and thickness of main root and thickness of main root were good in activated charcoal of 10∼20% Quality and yield of taro was the highest in activated charcoal of 10∼20% . Therefore, optimum consistency of activated charcoal was 10∼20％.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.193-198
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• 1983

In the determination of organic solvents in workplaces direct reading tube method have been used in Korea for decades. But this method is less accurate and couldn't measure TWA(Time Weighted Average) for 8 hours. Authors tried to detect Toluene concentration in S factory by using charcoal tube according to NIOSH method. The concentration was 158.8ppm. We propose this charcoal tube method should be substituted to get accurate results and to protect employee in workplaces related with solvents.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.705-715
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• 2016

The main aim of this study was to investigate the potential of wood charcoal on removing furan compounds (5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), furfural) known as fermentation inhibitors in sugar hydrolysates obtained from supercritical water treatment of lignocellulosic biomass. For this aim, model hydrolysate was prepared, and removal rates of sugars or furan compounds depending on wood charcoal concentration and treatment time were calculated and analyzed in comparison with the case of activated carbon. 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, or 12% (w/v) of wood charcoal or activated carbon was loaded into the model hydrolysate, containing glucose, xylose, 5-HMF, and furfural, and treatment was conducted for 1, 3, 6, 12, or 24 h. After treatment, removal rates of 5-HMF and furfural gradually increased as wood charcoal concentration or treatment time increased, and over 95% of 5-HMF and furfural were removed at 8% of wood charcoal concentration and 3 h of treatment time, while the loss of sugars (< 2%) was hardly observed. On the other hand, in the case of activated carbon treatment, removal rates of 5-HMF and furfural were over 95% at mild condition (activated carbon concentration: 8%, treatment time: 1 h), but over 10% of glucose and xylose were removed. Therefore, considering sugar production and further process applied sugar, the wood charcoal treatment of sugar hydrolysate was more effective for removing furan compounds and maintaining the sugar yield.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.601-614
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• 2013

The commercial charcoal kiln was projected the largest source of biomass burning sector in Korea. Commercial charcoal kiln was operated to emit air pollutants into the air without any air pollution prevention equipment. The object of this field survey was to understand characteristics of air pollutants concentration and emission factors and to provide preliminary data for effective processor from oak charcoal manufacturing process. As result of field survey, TSP, $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ concentration from charcoal kiln were 400~37,000 $mg/m^3$. These values were over the 100 $mg/m^3$ in TSP, this value was effluent quality standard of Clean Air Conservation Act. The average concentration of CO, $SO_2$ and TVOC were 2~5%. 0~110 ppm and 820~10,000 ppm respectively. The emission factors were 42.4 g-PM/kg-oak in TSP, 40.3 g-PM/kg-oak in $PM_{10}$, 38.2 g-PM/kg-oak in $PM_{2.5}$, 182.5 g-CO/kg-oak, 1.0 g-NO/kg-oak, $SO_2$ 0.2 g-$SO_2/kg$-oak and 104.4 g-TVOC/kg-oak. The part of commercial charcoal kiln had air pollution prevention equipment but it was difficult to work properly. Much wood tar excreted in exhaust emissions from oak charcoal manufacturing process. This wood tar was cause of many troubles sticking in the air pollutant prevention equipment. For handling particulate matters and gaseous air pollutants from oak charcoal manufacturing process in biomass burning, air pollutant prevention equipment design and management needs preprocessor for removal wood tar.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.748-755
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chitosan treatment on the dyeing of cotton fabric using charcoal as colorants. Particle size of charcoal, dyeability(K/S), SEM morphology of dyed fabrics and color fastness were also investigated. In this study, cotton fabrics were treated with a crosslinking agent epichlorohydrin in the presence of chitosan to provide the cotton fabrics the dyeing properties of natural dye by the chemical linking of chitosan to the cellulose structure. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of charcoal was 1.44 ${\mu}m$. According to various conditions, the dyeing effects of 1% chitosan treatment on the dyeing of cotton fabrics using charcoal were the highest with 10%(owb) of charcoal at $90^{\circ}C$ for 120minutes and non-treatment of cotton fabrics were the highest with 15%(owb) of charcoal at $90^{\circ}C$ for 150minutes. Overall, K/S value of 1% chitosan treatment of cotton fabrics on the natural dyeing using charcoal was higher than non-treatment of cotton fabrics. It was observed the surfaces of cotton fabrics treated with chitosan were adsorbed with charcoal powders of particle size more than a non-treated chitosan fabric by SEM. The cotton fabrics were dyed with blackish gray color by charcoal gradually according to treating chitosan. The K/S value, that is indicative of dye affinity, became higher as the increase of treated chitosan concentration. The color fastness of charcoal, washing and light fastness was excellent as 4-5 grade.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.350-361
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• 2014

Exhaust gas containing wood tar of high concentration is discharged from charcoal production kilns. The large amount of emissions are often found by operational failure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of an integrated treatment system in treating charcoal production exhaust. The system, which combined a tar collection device and a post-combustion unit, was proposed to remove moisture, wood tar, particulate matter, and other gas-phase pollutants (CO, $CH_4$, total hydrogen carbons) from exhaust gases. Heat recovery units were also applied in the system to utilize waste heat.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2018

The cesium (Cs) removal from the contaminated water system has been considered to be difficult because the cesium likes to exist as soluble phases such as ion and complexes than the solid in water system. Many researches have focused on developing the breakthrough adsorbent to increase the cesium removal efficiency in water. In this study, the laboratory scale experiments were performed to investigate the feasibility of the adsorption process using the bamboo charcoal for the Cs contaminated water system. The Cs removal efficiency of the bamboo charcoal were measured and the optimal adsorption conditions were determined by the adsorption batch experiments. Total 5 types of commercialized bamboo charcoals in Korea were used to identify their surface properties from SEM-EDS and XRD analyses and 3 types of bamboo charcoals having large specific surface areas were used for the adsorption batch experiment. The batch experiments to calculate the Cs removal efficiency were performed at conditions of various Cs concentration (0.01 - 10 mg/L), pH (3 - 11), temperature ($5-30^{\circ}C$), and adsorption time (10 - 120 min.). Experimental results were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm curve and their adsorption constants were determined to understand the adsorption properties of bamboo charcoal for Cs contaminated water system. From results of SEM-EDS analyses, the surfaces of bamboo charcoal particles were composed of typical fiber structures having various pores and dense lamella structures in supporting major adsorption spaces for Cs. From results of adsorption batch experiments, the Cs-133 removal efficiency of C type bamboo charcoal was the highest among those of 3 bamboo charcoal types and it was higher than 75 % (maximum of 82 %) even when the initial Cs concentration in water was lower than 1.0 mg/L, suggesting that the adsorption process using the bamboo charcoal has a great potential to remove Cs from the genuine Cs contaminated water, of which Cs concentration is low (< 1.0 mg/L) in general. The high Cs removal efficiency of bamboo charcoal was maintained in a relatively wide range of temperatures and pHs, supporting that the usage of the bamboo charcoal is feasible for various types of water. Experimental results were similar to the Langmuir adsorption model and the maximum amount of Cs adsorption (qm:mg/g) was 63.4 mg/g, which was higher than those of commercialized adsorbents used in previous studies. The surface coverage (${\theta}$) of bamboo charcoal was also maintained in low when the Cs concentration in water was < 1.0 mg/L, investigating that the Cs contaminated water can be remediated up with a small amount of bamboo charcoal.