• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1358-1364
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated whether a novel anti-ischemic $K_{ATP}$ opener KR-31378 [(2S,3S,4R)­N'-cyano-N-(6-amino-3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2 -methly-2-dimethoxymethly-2H-benzopyran-4-yl)­N'-benzylguanidine] has protective effect against oxidative stress-induced death in heart-derived H9c2 cells. Cell death was induced by BSO, butionine sulfoximine, which inhibits GSH synthesis and subsequently increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Cell death was quantitatively determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and stained by Hoechst 33258. BSO-induced ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate oxidation and rhodamine 123, respectively. Both the LDH release and the ROS elevation induced by treatment of H9c2 cells with 10 mM BSO, were significantly decreased by KR-31378. These protective effect and antioxidant effect of KR-31378 appeared to be independent on $K_{ATP}$ channel opening. Cells exposed to BSO showed an early reduction in MMP, and this reduction in MMP was significantly reversed by treatment with KR-31378. Caspase-3 activity in BSO treated H9c2 cells was remarkably increased, and this increased caspase-3 activity was significantly reversed by KR-31378. In conclusion, our results suggest that KR-31378 can produce cardioprotective effect against oxidative stress-induced cell death through antioxidant mechanism.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 2010

ATP is the energy source synthesized at the electron transferase that consist of complex I, II, III, IV and V in mitochondrial cristae. The complex V functions as ATPase which composed of sub-complex $F_0$ and $F_1$. Porin or VDAC (voltagedependent anion-selective channel), is a family of small pore-forming proteins of the mitochondrial outer membrane, and play important roles in the regulated flux of anion, proton and metabolites between the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments. The channel allows the diffusion of negatively charged solutes such as succinate, malate, and ATP in the fully open state, but of positively charged ions in subconducting state. In this study, in order to investigate the relationship of the function and localization between porin and ATPase we observed the distribution of porin and ATPase in the mitochondria of the bovine heart. Monoclonal antibodies against porin and ATPase ${\beta}$-subunit were used to detect porin and ATPase using light microscope with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and using electron microscope with immunogold-labeling. ATPase were stained in longitudinal section region in cardiac muscle, porin were stained in longitudinal section region in cardiac muscle. We viewed more specific pattern of localization and distribution of these proteins using immunofluorescence method. There were some region which were labeled with porin or ATPase respectively, and others which were labeled both proteins in cardiac muscle. The electron microscope results showed that immunogold labeled porin were labeled locally at mitochondrial outer membrane and ATPase were labeled evenly at mitochondrial cristae. But ATPase was not labeled at mitochondria cristae. These results confirmed the subcellular localizations of porin and ATPase in mitochondrial outer membrane and cristae. Also, we assumed that ATP synthesis always does not activation in all mitochondria exist in the bovine cardiac muscle.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.1C
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• pp.55-64
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• 2006

In this paper, a new web-based remote 3D imaging communication system employing an adaptive matching algorithm is suggested. In the proposed method, feature values are extracted from the stereo image pair through estimation of the disparity and similarities between each pixel of the stereo image. And then, the matching window size for disparity estimation is adaptively selected depending on the magnitude of this feature value. Finally, the detected disparity map and the left image is transmitted into the client region through the network channel. And then, in the client region, right image is reconstructed and intermediate views be synthesized by a linear combination of the left and right images using interpolation in real-time. From some experiments on web based-transmission in real-time and synthesis of the intermediate views by using two kinds of stereo images of 'Joo' & 'Hoon' captured by real camera, it is analyzed that PSNRs of the intermediate views reconstructed by using the proposed transmission scheme are highly measured by 30dB for 'Joo', 27dB for 'Hoon' and the delay time required to obtain the intermediate image of 4 view is also kept to be very fast value of 67.2ms on average, respectively.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2012

Isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ID-MS) based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was developed for the accurate determination of sorbic acid in tea-drink. An isotope analogue of sorbic acid, $^{13}C_2$-sorbic acid, was obtained by custom synthesis. MS was operated in the negative mode with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode of $[M-H]^-$ ${\rightarrow}$ $[M-CO_2H]^-$ channel at m/z 111 ${\rightarrow}$ 67 for sorbic acid and at m/z 113 ${\rightarrow}$ 68 for its isotope analogue. Chromatographic separation was accomplished with a C18 column and an isocratic mobile phase of 55% of 50 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.5) and 45% of methanol. Homogeneous reference materials were prepared for validation of this method, including repeatability and reproducibility tests, by fortifying tea-drink with sorbic acid in our laboratory. Repeatability and reproducibility studies showed that the ID-LC/MS method is a reliable and reproducible method which provides less than 3.8% of relative standard deviation (RSD) for the analysis of sorbic acid.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2015

Skin carrys out protective role against harmful outer environment assaults including ultraviolet radiation, heavy metals and oxides. Especially, ultraviolet-B (UVB) light causes inflammatory reactions in skin such as sun burn and erythma and stimulates melanin pigmentation. Furthermore, the influx of UVB into skin cells causes DNA damage in keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, inhibition of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis which leads to a decrease in elasticity of skin and wrinkle formation. It also damages dermal connective tissue and disrupts the skin barrier function. Prolonged exposure of human skin to UVB light is well known to trigger severe skin lesions such as cell death and carcinogenesis. Haloarcula vallismortis is a halophilic microorganism isolated from the Dead Sea, Its growth characteristics have not been studied in detail yet. It generally grows at salinity more than 10%, but the actual growth salinity usually ranges between 20 to 25%. Because H. vallismortis is found mainly in saltern or salt lakes, there could exist defense mechanisms against strong sunlight. One of them is generation of additional ATP using halorhodopsin which absorbs photons and produces energy by potential difference formed by opening the chloride ion channel. It often shows a color of pink or red because of their high content of carotenoid pigments and it is considered to act as a defense mechanism against intense UV irradiation. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of the halophilic microorganism, H. vallismortis, extract was investigated. It was found that H. vallismortis extract had protective effect on DNA damage induced by UV irradiation. These results suggest that the extract of halophilic bacterium, H. vallismortis could be used as a bio-sunscreen or natural sunscreen which ameliorate the harmful effects of UV light with its anti-inflammatory and DNA protective properties.