• 한국동물학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.139-158
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• 1971

장수허리노린재(Anoplocnemis dallasi Kiritschenko)의 第1齡 幼蟲(50個體)부터 成蟲까지(各 70個體씩)에서 얻은 實測値를 定式化하여 成長 및 相對成長을 分析 觀察한 結果 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. $\circled1$ 成長量 : 口吻이 가장 緩慢한 直線狀 增加를 하고 그 外는 모두 急激한 抛物線狀 增加를 나타내며 體長, 後脚, 中脚, 前脚, 觸角, 前胸背板의 幅, 口吻의 順으로 體長이 가장 急激하게 增加한다. $\circled2$ 成長比 : 口吻의 增加率 3.054倍가 가장 적으며 直線狀 增加를 나타내고 그 外는 모두 抛物線狀 增加를 보이며 前胸背板의 幅의 增加率 8.186倍가 가장 크다. $\circled3$ 各 齡別成長比 : 가장 큰 成長比는 若齡 幼蟲쪽에 있으며 가장 적은 成長比는 老齡 幼蟲쪽에 있다. $\circled4$ 成長率 : 觸角의 그것이 減少되었으며 그 外는 모두 增加되었다. $\circled5$ 比成長率 : 觸角이 가장 急하게 減少되었으며 前脚, 口吻, 後脚, 中脚의 順으로 緩慢해졌고 前胸背板의 幅과 體長은 上昇되다가 減少되었다. $\circled6$ 相對成長係數($\alpha$)는 위의 모든 部位에 對해서 前胸背板의 幅의 그것이 항상 가장 强한 優成長이었고 口吻은 가장 弱한 劣成長이었다. $\circled7$ 對 體長, 對前胸背板의 幅, 對觸角, 對口吻, 對前脚, 對中脚, 對後脚 相對成長에서 各 部分의 相對成長係數($\alpha$)는 同一한 樣式(順序)을 나타낸다. $\circled8$ 相對成長係數 $\alpha$가 增加하면 相對成長 初量 b가 減少하는 傾向을 나타내며 그 逆도 成立한다. $\circled9$ 劣成長일 境遇는 成長中心이 若齡基에 있고 優成長일 境遇는 老齡基에 있다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.629-633
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• 2007

This study examined the effect of growth temperature on the electrical and optical properties of hydrogenated Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO:H) thin films deposited by rf magnetron sputtering using a ceramic target (98 wt.% ZnO, 2 wt.% $Al_2O_3$). Various AZO films on glass were prepared by changing the substrate temperature from room temperature to $200^{\circ}C$. It was shown that intentionally incorporated hydrogen plays an important role on the electrical properties of AZO : H films by increasing free carrier concentration. As a result, in the 2% $H_2$ addition at the growth temperature of $150^{\circ}C$, resistivity of $3.21{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$, mobility of $21.9cm^2/V-s$, electric charge carrier concentration of $9.35{\times}10^{20}cm^{-3}$ was obtained. The AZO : H films show a hexagonal wurtzite structure preferentially oriented in the (002) crystallographic direction.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제51권
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• pp.465-495
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• 2011

Domestic franchised businesses have been showing relatively fast growth, but the growth is expected to slow down as in those developed countries. In face of this changing market environment, domestic franchisers will have to turn their eyes abroad to achieve sustainable growth. On the other hand, more international franchisors could pursue expanding into the Korean market due to economic or strategic reasons in their home countries. In general, enterprises are faced with several barriers when entering foreign markets by franchising their operation. Issues relating to such entry barriers can be broadly classified into legal and managerial. To begin, international franchising necessitates enterprises to handle various aspects of legal issues. There are no internationally unified rules for franchise agreements as in international goods purchase contracts. This forces franchisors to have deep knowledge of concerned regulations and practices of each of the individual target countries, in particular franchising practices which differ from those of their own countries in terms of rights and obligations of the involved parties. Having regard to this situation, this study reviewed the EU's PEL CAFDC and other domestic and overseas regulations governing franchising. From the results, several contractual obligations were derived that need to be taken into account when handling the issues around the international franchise agreement. In closing this paper mainly having in mind enterprises in various business lines seeking to expand into international franchising, some unmet needs are worth commenting. First, there is an urgent need to establish practical guidelines along with the model agreement addressing the issues of international franchising in the absence of any unified international rules. Second, to meet the first need above, it is needed that the relevant authorities conduct a comprehensive review of the existing franchising regulations available across overseas countries and, based on the results, embark on gathering good common elements in the existing franchising regulations in individual countries, ultimately developing the best possible guidelines and examples.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 낮은 비용과 간단한 공정의 장점을 가지고 있는 저온수열합성법을 이용하여 r-plane (1-102) sapphire 기판 위에 non-polar a-plane ZnO 박막을 성장하였다. 일반적으로 nanorod 형태의 ZnO를 성장시키는 특성을 보이는 Hexamethylenetetramine (HMT)와 2D layer 형태의 ZnO를 성장특성을 보이는 것으로 알려진 sodium citrate, 두 가지 전구체를 동시에 첨가하여 성장 하였을 때 몰 농도의 변화에 따른 ZnO 성장 특성을 비교해 보았다. ZnO 구조체의 형태와 특성 변화에 대하여 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), high resolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD)을 이용하여 분석을 진행하였다. 결과적으로, 두 가지의 용액의 특정 몰 농도일 때 r-plane (1-102) sapphire 기판 위에서 non polar a-plane (11-20) ZnO 구조체가 성장 될 수 있음을 확인 하였다. 이는 첨가제 조건에 의하여 c축 성장을 억제시키고, 측면 성장을 촉진시키는 반응에 의한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.328-328
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• 2017

Drought is a major limiting factor that reduces rice production and occurs often especially under recent climate change. Plants have the ability to alter their developmental morphology in response to changing environment, which is known as phenotypic plasticity. In our previous studies, we found that one chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL50 derived from Nipponbare and Kasalath crosses) showed no differences in shoot and root growth as compared with the recurrent genotype, Nipponbare under non-stress condition but showed greater growth responses compared with Nipponbare under mild drought stress condition. We hypothesized that reducing root respiration as metabolic cost, which may be largely a consequence of aerenchyma formation would be one of the key mechanisms for root plasticity expression. This study aimed to evaluate the root respiration and aerenchyma formation under various soil moisture conditions among genotypes with different root plasticity. CSSL50 together with Nipponbare and Kasalath were grown under waterlogged conditions (Control) and mild drought stress conditions (20% of soil moisture content) in a plastic pot ($11cm{\times}14cm$, ${\varphi}{\times}H$) and PVC tube ($3cm{\times}30cm$, ${\varphi}{\times}H$). Root respiration rate was measured with infrared gas analyzer (IRGA, GMP343, Vaisala, Finland) with a closed static chamber system. There was no significant difference between genotypes in control for shoot and root growth as well as root respiration rate. In contrast, all the genotypes increased their root respiration rates in response to mild drought stress. However, CSSL50 showed lower root respiration rate than Nipponbare, which was associated by higher root aerenchyma formation that was estimated based on internal gas space (porosity) under mild drought stress conditions. Furthermore, there were significant negative correlations between root length and root respiration rate. These results imply that reducing the metabolic cost (= root respiration rate) is a key mechanism for root plasticity expression, which CSSL50 showed under mild drought.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Chinese medicine granule (CMG, including Cortex Phellodendron, Atractylodes Rhizome, Agastache Rugosa and Gypsum Fibrosum) on absorption and transport of glucose in porcine small intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs) under heat stress. Forty-eight 2-month-old Chinese experimental barrows were screened according to weight and litter origin, and then allotted to three groups and treated as follows: Normal temperature control group (NTCG; $23^{\circ}C$), high temperature control group (HTCG; $26^{\circ}C$ for 19 h, $40^{\circ}C$ for 5 h); Chinese medicine granule anti-stress group (CMGG; $26^{\circ}C$ for 19 h, $40^{\circ}C$ for 5 h) (n = 16 per group). The results showed that high temperature treatment decreased (p<0.05) the growth performance and intestinal glucose absorption but there was no change (p>0.05) in the expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 genes in the small intestine of pigs compared with the NTCG. Dietary supplementation with CMG improved the growth performance, and increased the activity of disaccharidases in duodenum and jejunum of heat stressed pigs (p<0.05). CMG treatment increased (p<0.05) the protein levels of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in the small intestine, and up-regulated (p<0.05) the expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 genes in the duodenum and jejunum but without changing (p>0.05) them in the ileum compared with the HTCG. These results indicated that CMG treatment significantly improved porcine growth performance, and increased intestinal glucose absorption and transport by BBMVs under heat stress, in addition to up-regulating the expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 genes in porcine duodenum and jejunum.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2005

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is frequently used technique in reconstruction of bony defects resulted from tumor resection, congenital deformity, and trauma in the maxillofacial region. Although the histologic and ultrastructural changes associated with distraction osteogenesis have been extensively described, the exact changing of the surrounding tissues, such as nerve tissues, were still unclear. This study observed the histological changes and the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) after distraction osteogenesis. Unilateral mandibular distraction (0.5 mm twice per day for 10 days) was performed in eight mongrel dogs. Two animals were sacrificed at 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after completion of distraction, respectively. The distracted IAN and contralateral control nerve were harvested and processed for histological and innunohistochemical examinations. The signs of acute nerve injuries, such as demyelination and partial discontinuation of nerver fiber, were observed in the distracted IAN on 7 and 14 days after distraction. The initial remyelination and regeneration of distracted IAN were showed at 14 days after completion of distraction. At 56 days later, the histologic features of distracted IAN was similar to those of the normal control IAN. The expression of NGF was significantly increased in most distracted nerve tissues on 7, 14 and 28 days after distraction. On 56 days after distraction, the expression of NGF returned to the normal level. This study suggested that the acute IAN injury caused by mandibular distraction were mostly recovered during consolidation period. The NGF was seemed to be induced from Schwann cell and damaged nerve tissues, and it may have important roles in the initial healing of damaged nerves.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.94-97
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• 2007

대기압 조건에서 고정층 상압 유통식 반응기를 사용하여 Pd(5)/SPK 촉매상에서 산소의 몰 비 변화에 따른 메탄의 열분해 반응으로부터 탄소 나노튜브 및 탄소 나노선을 제조하였으며, SEM과 TEM을 이용하여 분석하였다. $CH_4/O_2$의 몰 비가 1인 경우, 촉매층 지지대 표면상에 탄소가 거의 침적되지 않았으나, $CH_4/O_2$의 몰 비가 2인 경우에는 촉매층 지지대 표면상에 반응기를 봉쇄할 정도로 다량의 탄소가 침적되었다. 침적된 탄소를 SEM과 TEM을 통하여 분석한 결과 많은 수의 단일 벽 탄소 나노튜브와 탄소 나노선들이 만들어졌음을 확인할 수 있었다. 촉매 표면상에 침적된 탄소 나노튜브의 생성 메카니즘은 첨단성장방식이었고, 촉매 지지대 표면상에 만들어진 탄소 나노튜브 및 나노선들의 생성은 일정한 탄소 성장속도 벡터와 탄소 나노선의 링구조의 핵형성이 중요한 역할을 하였다. SPK 촉매 담체는 열 안정성이 우수하였으며, $N_2$ 흡착등온선은 중기공 세공이 잘 발달된 IV형이었다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2013

최근 국내 CM(건설사업관리) 시장의 규모는 전년도 대비 미비한 성장 추세를 보이고 있다. 반면 CM시장에 참여하기 시작한 국내 기업들은 급격히 늘어나고 있어 본 연구에서는 CM시장의 경쟁 구조를 분석하기 위해 시장집중도 및 DEA 모형의 Malmquist 생산성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, CM시장은 소수 기업에 의해 독과 점유되고 있으나 점차 완화될 것으로 나타났으며, CM시장과 기업은 생산적이지 못하지만 점차 생산성 지수가 상향되고 있다고 나타났다. 이를 통해, 본 연구는 CM시장의 이해관계자들에게 CM시장의 경쟁 흐름을 이해할 수 있는 방향 지표를 제공함으로써 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.399-404
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• 2015

최근 국제 원유가의 폭등으로 선박의 연료비 부담이 상대적으로 가중되고 있으며, 또한 연료의 연소과정에서 발생하는 온실가스에 대한 국제적 규제 움직임도 가속되고 있다. 이에 따라 에너지 효율 개선을 위해서 선체의 설계변경, 마찰저항을 줄이기 위한 도료개발, 엔진의 열효율을 개선하기 위한 첨가제 개발, 연료를 절감하기 위하여 저속운전 등 다양한 방법들이 적용되고 있다. 따라서 최근 고유가 시대에 선박의 고속화와 대형화 및 에너지 절감형 선형의 개발이 필수요건이 되고 있다. 또한 선체 표면의 국부 영역에서 저항 값들의 정성 및 정량적인 변화와 보다 세밀한 분석은 불가피하다고 판단되어진다. 따라서 본 연구는 에너지 효율 개선을 위한 기초연구로서 현재 운항중인 선박의 선체에서 자생하는 해양생물로 인한 마찰저항을 확인하기 위하여 도크 전 후의 엔진성능을 분석하고 그 결과를 도크와 도크사이 2.5년의 데이터와 비교함으로서 주기관의 성능, 마찰저항과 부하변화 및 연료소비량과 선속에 미치는 연구 결과 등을 보고한다.