• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1999

Comparative effects of phosphine fumigation and gamma irradiation were evaluated on the qualities of white ginseng prepacked in a commercial laminated film in terms of water absorption, Hunter color parameters(L, a, b) and organoleptic properties(overall color/appearance, flavor) during 6 months of storage at ambient(20oC, 70% RH) and accelerated(40oC, 90% RH) conditions. Moisture content of packed white ginseng(initial 8.44%) linearly increased with storage period, thereby reaching to about 10% (r=0.9966) in ambient and more than 15%(r=0.9886) in accelerated conditions, respectively, at the 6th month of storage. The storage at severe conditions resulted in remarkable changes in Hunter's color values, decrease in whiteness(L) and increase in redness(a) and yellowness(b), while both treatments, phosphine and irradiation less than 5kGy, did not cause any significant changes in color parameters. Phosphine fumigation was shown detrimental to overall flavor of white ginseng(p<0.01), however or ganoleptic qualities of stored samples were effectively maintained by irradiation less than 5kGy(p< 0.05). As the index on the guality of white ginseng stored at severe conditions its organoleptic quality was highly correlated with moisture content(r= 0.9777) and Hunter color values(over 0.9), suggesting the critical values of 15.5% moisture and 72.56, 7.15, 21.45 in Hunter's L, a, b values, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.252-259
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• 1998

Electron beam, electrically produced from an electron accelerator, was compared with gamma energy in terms of its influence on color and organoleptic qualities of ginseng powders when exposed to the energy used for their microbial decontamination. Hunter color L and b values were suitable for measuring color characteristics of ginseng powders, which were not significantly changed by the exposure to 5 to 7.5 kGy electron beam and gamma energy. Fifty percent ethanol extracts of irradiated ginseng powders at 10 key showed negligible differences from the non-irradiated control in the pattern of absorption spectra at 280∼800 am, but showed increased values in overall color difference (AE) as compared with powdered samples. Irradiation more than 10 kGy and storage at ambient temperature for 4 months caused browning of powdered samples. Irradiation at more than 10 kGy of electron beam was found a critical level to bring about appreciable changes (p<0.05) in or-ganoleptic qualities such as color and odor of sterilized samples, and red ginseng powder was more susceptible than white one to organoleptic changes by irradiation.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2015

We employed the high-pressure high temperature (HPHT) process to enhance the colors of natural sapphires to obtain a vivid blue. First, we analyze the content of the coloring agent $Fe_2O_3$ using the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) method. The HPHT procedure operates under 1 GPa at various temperatures of 1700, 1750, and $1800^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes using a cubic press. We determine the color changes using the optical microscopic images, UV-VIS near-infrared (NIR) spectra, micro-Raman spectra, and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra for all sapphire samples before and after the treatment. The optical microscopic results indicate that the HPHT process can enhance the sapphire color to a vivid blue at temperatures above $1750^{\circ}C$. The UV-VIS-NIR spectra identify the color changes explicitly and quantitatively through providing the Lab color scales and color differences. Both results demonstrate that the colors of natural sapphires can be enhanced to a vivid blue using the HPHT process above $1750^{\circ}C$ under 1 GPa for 5 minutes.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2006년도 Principles and Practice of Microarray for Biomedical Researchers
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• pp.78-78
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• 2006

Gene expression analysis can be performed by one-color (intensity-based) or two-color (ratio-based) microarray platforms depending on the specific applications and needs of the researcher. The traditional two-color approach is well founded from a historical and scientific standpoint, and the one-color approach, when paired with high quality microarrays and a robust workflow, offers additional flexibility in experimental design. Two of the major requirements of any microarray platform are system reproducibility, which provides the means for high confidence experiments and accurate comparison across multiple samples; and high sensitivity, for the detection of significant gene expression changes, including small fold changes across multiple gene sets. Each of these requirements is fulfilled by the Agilent One-color Gene Expression Platform as illustrated by the data included in this study. As a result, researchers have the ability to take advantage of the enhanced performance and sensitivity of Agilent's 60-mer oligonucleotide microarrays, and experience the first commercial microarray platform compatible with both one- and two-color detection.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.124-134
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• 1994

The shade of restorative materials is very important for successful restoration esthetically harmonized with the natural tooth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability and the opacity change of conventional chemical setting and visible light curing glass-ionomer cements for restorative esthetic filling. Specimens of each brand (GC Fuji II and Fuji II LC) were uniformly prepared and divided into three groups: In group l(control group), the specimens received no surface treatment; in group 2, the specimens were coated with varnish and the excess gently blown off; and in group 3. the specimens were coated with light-cured bonding resin and irradiated by a visible light curing unit for 20 seconds on both sides. All specimens were stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ and checked after for 24 hours. 2 months. 4 months, 6 months. and 8 months. The color characteristics($L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$) and the opacity(Y%) of all the samples were measured by a spectrocolorimeter and the total color differences(${\Delta}E^*$) and opacity changes(${\Delta}Y%$) were computed. The following results were obtained : 1. The total tolor differences in all groups increased with time. 2. The total color differences of the LC groups after immersion for 8 months in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ were lower than those of GC groups(p<0.01), and the total color differences of the varnish or the light-cured bonding resin coated groups were lower than those of the control group with glass-ionomer cements which had no surface treatment(p<0.01). 3. In all groups the translucency decreased with time. 4. In the control group and the varnish coating group. the opacity changes of the GC groups were lower than those of the LC groups(p<0.01) and in the light-cured bonding resin coated group, there was no significant difference between the GC group and the LC group. 5. The opacity changes of the varnish or the light-cured bonding resin coated groups were lower than those of the control group(p<0.01). These results suggest that color change and opacity of conventional chemical setting and light cured glass-ionomer cement were increased with time, and the color changes and the opacity changes of a control group after immersion for 8 months in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ were greater than those of the varnish or the light-cured bonding resin coated groups.

• 한국인쇄학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국인쇄학회 2000년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.25-34
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• 2000

Recently, color proofing in printing industry grow rapidly. If an order decide color from known color information in the case of color reproduction, we can reduce expenses and time. In color proofing the best important point must be closed proofed color to primary color and secondary color. Model-based approaches have the advantages of faster recharacterization and the opportunity of simulating product enhancements such as changes in ink properties and halftoning. In this paper, we transformed the dot area of CMYK to CIELAB color space using color reprodution models. Firstly, we measured spectral reflectance of primary color printed by Matchprint II and the data was used to find tone reproduction curve using regression equation, and than we applied at primary color model, such as Murray-Davies, Yule-Nilsen, and mixed color model, such as Kubelka--Munk, relaxed version of spectral Neugebauser. In such results, the Kubleka-Munk model resulted in the best spectral reconstruction accuracy followed by relaxed version of spectral Neugebauer model, color difference is 2.8401.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2013

수분량, 유분량, 피부밝기, pH 등 피부 특성을 나타내는 지표들은 환경적, 유전적 요소에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 하지만 이는 절대적인 피부 특성을 나타내는 것으로 사람들이 느끼는 감성적인 피부 특성과는 차이가 있다. 이를 반영하듯 최근 임상 연구들은 절대적인 피부 변화를 통한 사람들의 인지 변화에 관한 연구들이 주를 이루고 있다. 본 연구에서는 아시아인을 대상으로 국가별로 절대적인 피부색의 차이 뿐 아니라 실제 피부색의 변화에 따라 본인들이 인지하는 피부 밝기에도 차이가 있는지를 규명하고자 하였다. 아시아 3개국 총 410명의 피험자들이 본 연구에 참여하였으며 설문을 통해 본인들이 생각하는 피부밝기를 3단계로 구분하여 응답하고 본인이 생각하는 피부 밝기 변화에 따라 실제 피부색은 어떤 양상으로 변화하는지를 분석하였다. 국적에 관계 없이 모든 참가자들이 공통적으로 피부색이 밝다고 느낄수록 실제 피부 밝기는 증가하는 양상을 보였지만 절대적인 피부색과 피부가 밝다고 느끼는 정도는 차이가 있었다. 게다가, 피부 붉은기와 노란기의 변화도 국가별로 다른 양상을 보였다. 결론적으로, 본 연구 결과에 근거하여 판단 할 때 본인들의 피부 밝기를 인지하는 요소는 절대적인 피부 밝기가 아닌 국가별로 다른 기준이 적용된다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1566-1573
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• 1997

In this paper, we propose a favorite color correction algorithm for color enhancement in color application system which represent preferred colors for viewer's demands. The proposed algorithm corrects skin color which is widely used as a reference color for color control of color application system, blue color which is directly related to tri-stimulus values, and green color which has higher visual sensitivity. In the proposed algorithm, the vaiation range of phase detector output voltage was minimized for the favorite color saturation changes, thus the favorite from the burst signal for the phase detector characteristic, thus the favorite color was easilty detected from the other color without overlapping of correctionranges.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.622-636
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• 1997

Glass ionomer cements, which had been developed in 1972, were widely used as an agent for cementation, base, pit and fissure sealant, and esthetic filling material with the advantages of excellent biocompatibility, anti-cariogenic fluoride release. Specimens were made to evaluate the color change of Glass ionomer cement with a newly developed improved Fuji II Le. Specimens for color change study with cement thickness of 1, 2, 3mm were made and those for the study of color shift pattern were made with the assumption that new mid-shade can be made by mixing of equal amount of both shades in 2mm thickness. After 24 hours in a $37^{\circ}C$ incubator, CIELAB color spaces were evaluated with a spectrophotometer. The results were as follows ; 1. All specimens discolored to dark and blue with an increased thickness in all shades (p<0.05). 2. There were significant $a^*$ space (red-green direction) changes in every A, B, C, D shade series except the relationship between 1mm and 2mm thickness groups in B shade series. But the changes were irregular, i.e., each shade series has its own pattern. 3. Each shade series showed its own specific color shift pattern in all $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ spaces. 4. B shade series showed less amont of changes in ${\Delta}{\pm}E$ than those of A and C shade series (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in ${\Delta}E$ within each shade series.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.409-417
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• 2011

This study aims to investigate makeup images shown in the beauty trends and analyzes the characteristics of makeup colors depending on the types of facial makeup. This survey's collected data includes a total of 365 makeup colors which have been shown in the beauty trends for the last three years. The pictures and vocabularies shown in such data were analyzed and thus we could have classificatorily six kinds of makeup images. In addition, makeup colors were divided into two subcategories: eye makeup and lip makeup, both of which have the most significant impact on the makeup images. As the results, the types of makeup images shown at beauty trends were classified such as natural image, gorgeous image, elegant image, sophisticate image, and romantic image. If analyzing yearly changes, active, romantic, and elegant images were common in 2008, and natural image displayed a certain strong tendency amid pro-environmental trends in 2009, and gorgeous images were appeared apparently in 2010, while natural image showed a bullish tendency yet. Regarding to color characteristics by makeup images shown at beauty trends, YR color in eye makeup and R in lip makeup looked bullish generally, and a lot of changes were shown in color tones. This fact gives help in grasping fashion colors and color tones of yearly makeups. Based on these results, this study examines makeup colors for expressing makeup images closely, and then suggests that it could be utilized in makeup color planning.