• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.91-94
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• 1997

Objective of this stuey was to find the corrdlation between emotiona changes and the parameters of HRV spectrum evoked by tactile stimualtion. Twenty-one subjects were useds and five different types of materials, dry cottn, wet cotton, paper, sandpaper, and vinyl were applied to the left hand of each subject as a tactile stimulation. The results showed that HF/LF(ratio of high to low frequency amplitude calculated from power spectrum of HRV) decreased as the subject experienced the unpleasant emotion caused by wet cotton and sandpaper. On the othr hand, when the subject experienced the comfort, HF/LF increased. It was concluded that the proprsed methods can be applied to evaluate the characteristic changes in the autonomic nervous system which regulates the human emotion in the psychological aspects.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.770-775
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• 2008

Autonomic nervous system of the anesthetized patients can be influenced by the many kinds of stimulations such as intubation, surgical incision and so on. The changes of the heart rates and blood pressures are surrogates of responses of the autonomic system to the external stimulations. Recently, the power spectral analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV) made it easy to know the fractions and changes of sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic systems. In this study, the changes of pulse transit time, one of the response of vessels to stimulations, was investigated in relation to the HRV. Ten patients were examined and average age is 22.5 $\pm$ 11.04, average weight is 63 $\pm$ 14.4 kg. The patients were anesthetized only by sevoflurane inhalation. Pulse transit time is determined by calculating the difference of the time between the R peak of ECG and the characteristic point of the plethysmography. Power spectral density (PSD) of the HRV was achieved in the frequency of 0.04-0.15 (LF) and 0.15-0.4 (HF). Compared to preanesthetic period the values of LF and LF/HF ratio of HRV were decreased (p<0.05). HF and PTT was increased in anesthetic state with sevoflurane. Otherwise, after intubation, the HF was decreased and LF, LF/HF ratio and PTT were increased. PSD of the HRV is well-known for the index of the autonomic nervous activity. Not only HRV but PTT analysis also is a useful index reflecting the autonomic responses to various stimulations. And this analysis is useful in bed side monitoring because the calculating method is simple and it takes shorter processing time compared to the HRV analysis.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.399-401
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is looking for deviation of change in HRV caused of posture. Total 20 adults were measured for 40 minutes(10 minutes rest section and 30 minutes analysis section) when volunteers were sitting and lying down. Other factors which can change in HRV were controlled during measurement. The analysis section were divided by total 6 stages(each by 5 minutes), and compared and analyzed between sitting and lying down groups. It was also compared and analyzed stages in each group. In the result, there was difference at stage 5($20{\sim}25$ minutes interval), but no difference in the total data. The results of each stage in the group, lying down had difference. Therefore, sitting is more stable measurement for HRV study when subjects was waking over 15 minutes.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.05
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• pp.176-178
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• 1997

We are exposed to the various types of external stimuli, and many researches have been conducted to analyze the emotional changes to the stimuli quantitatively. In this paper, changes of human emotion was studied by analyzing HRV from ECG signals which were varied by the auditory stimulus. Power contents for each frequency bands were calculated from HRV waveforms. Two peak values representing autonomic nervous system status, HF and LF, were used to extract the parameters. An analysis on the normalized HF/LF to the subjective rating of the subject were performed. It was assumed that the positive emotional changes evoked by the auditory stimuli, the HF values representing activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, are increased much higher than the LF values, activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Results showed that the parasympathetic nervous system works more actively than the sympathetic nervous system to the stimuli which cause the positive emotional changes.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2015

This paper was performed for the older people with cognitive abilities deteriorated, and its effectiveness is analyzed through measurement value of HRV. This paper was investigated the major acupressure that has been used frequently to people who has to decrease cognitive ability in the old documents. We measure the several variation by using a measuring instrument of HRV after performing an operation of acupuncture and moxibustion for elderly degraded cognitive ability. As compared with the measured values, the moxibustion and acupuncture to changes in the autonomic nervous system, heart rate and how it affects the efficacy was measured. As a result of research, acupuncture and moxibustion could be confirmed through the HRV analysis that there is a positive effect on the improvement of cognitive skills.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.11-22
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to show the differences of mental stress measured with heart rate variability (HRV) and to evaluate the effects of Aromatherapy under mental stress, according to the depression index. Methods : The volunteers were allocated into 2 groups by BDI scores. Each group is divided into 2 subgroups again. After instrumentation and 10-minutes rest period, mental stress by operation was provided for 15-minutes. HRV was recorded before and after the mental stress. Then the control groups rested for 15-minutes. The experimental groups were treated with Aromatherapy. And then HRV was recorded. Results : 1. There were no significant differences in the mean HRT and SDNN between each group. 2. LF, HF, and LF norm showed different changes in each group. 3. LF/HF ratio showed significant changes. Conclusions : These results suggest that psychic factor makes an important rule under the mental stress and the effect of Aromatherapy, and Aromatherapy is effective to recover mental stress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.177-180
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• 2002

The type of physiological stress involved in driving is probably complex, and a comprehensive study involving recording of physiological signals such as electrocardiogram(ECG), electromyogram(EMG). Changes in relevant Physiological parameters, such as ECG, EMG, reflected changes in driver status. In order to derive the mental and physical load of driving a motor vehicle from driving behaviour alone it is necessary to establish the relationship between changes in a driver's physiological parameters and behavioral parameters. In this study, we choose two different condition and investigated driver's status using HRV analysis method. Many previous studies have shown that increasing driving time causes a variation of HRV signal.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.443-446
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• 1997

HRV(heart rate variability) is the time series data of R-R interval time duration based on ECGs. Power spectral analysis of HRV has recently been used to define the activity of ANS(autonomic nervous system). In this study, 14 rats were divided into two groups, sympathectomy and vagotomy. During the experiments, ECGs of rats were collected three times at each experimental conditions or the duration of 5 minutes, where sampling frequency was set at 2KHz. After the application of the Berger's Serires algorithm to ECG raw data, power spectrum of HRV was obtained via FFT. Results showed that HF/LF were increased or the sympathectomy group and decreased or the vagotomy group. It implies that the variations in HF/LF components could be used or the ANS function classification.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.330-337
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• 2005

The ratio of aged class has been increasing gradually not only in Korea, but also in the world since several years ago. As a result, many unexpected social problems started to now. The burden charged to this society is to solve those problems; how to take care of that aged people, how to offer jobs to them, etc. It means that the study about the aged class should be done soon. Due to that need, this thesis is wrote out. The aim of this thesis is to detect the emotion of aged people and establish a certain algorithm for detecting it. In the whole process of experiment and analysis, I used HRV(Heart Rate Variability) data since the heart is a representative which is controlled by the ANS(autonomic nervous system), and the ANS reflects the changes in emotion. After stimulating the aged people with the authorized pictures which induce different emotions each. 1 measured HRV of those aged. The HRV data is then analyzed in the two domain area, time and frequency. 1 guessed that the result would show some certain differences according to the pictures and it was shown from the experiment. Seeing the result, HRV was changed by what the aged felt looking at the pictures. Then it also means that visual stimulation influence on the has of the aged people.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.87-100
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aims to evaluate the relationship between HRV indices and scores of emotional questionnaires and to find out the effective way to assess patients emotional and physical condition. Methods : We selected 144 patients who had both HRV data and BDI, STAI and STAXI scores on the chart among outpatients from July 2006 to December 2010. The relationship between the scores rated from the questionnaires and HRV indices are analyzed. And the HRV indices of patients included in the top 30 percent group and the bottom 30% group are compared. Results : 1. There were no significant correlations between HRV indices and scores of BDI, STAI and trait anger of STAXI. 2. SDNN and TP of HRV significantly decreased with higher state anger scores of STAXI. The top 30 percent group of state anger had lower SDNN, TP, LF, HF and HRV-index and higher pNN50 than the bottom 30 percent group. 3. RMSSD of HRV significantly decreased with higher anger-in scores of STAXI. The top 30 percent group of anger-in had lower RMSSD than the bottom 30 percent group. Conclusions : HRV can be used to evaluate emotional and physical changes related to state anger and inappropriate anger expression.