• 대한한의학원전학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2007

"The Essence of the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" is an annotated book on the "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" written by You-Yi(尤怡) of the Qing Dynasty (1729). Chapter 3 of this annotated book contains explanations of BaiheDisease(百合病). You-Yi(尤怡) maintained that the cause of Baihe-Disease(百合病) is a deficient-type fever(虛熱) induced by lung-fluid deficiency(肺陰不足). Generally, a higher fever led to a worse prognosis, and this disease was mainly treated by supplement methods(補法). In his pharmacological explanations, You-Yi(尤怡) often used the analogical inference of the five evolutive phases(五行歸類), and he frequently quoted "The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine(黃帝內經)" and "The Medical Secret of an Official(外臺秘要)" to explain the texts.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.120-125
• /
• 2010

물흡수선량에 기반한 표준 측정법을 사용하여 흡수선량을 측정 시에 여러 요인들이 크건, 작건, 미미하건 간에 선량 측정의 정확성에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이온함의 선질 보정 인자(the beam quality correction factor) ${\kappa}_{Q,Q_0}$ 값 또한 그 중 한 요인이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 특정 이온함 유형(PTW30013, PTW, Germany)을 선정하여, 국내에서 사용하고 있는 기관들로부터 9개의 이온함을 수집하였다. 동일한 전위계와 전기선으로 9개 이온함을 국내 이차표준기관으로부터 교정을 받았다. 이렇게 교정받은 이온함들을 사용하여 Siemens ONCOR 장비의 광자 빔 6 MV와 10 MV 그리고 전자 빔 12 MeV에 대해 기준 조건하에서 흡수선량을 측정하였다. 이온함 간 선량 값의 최대 차이는 광자 빔 6 MV의 경우엔 2.4%, 10MV의 경우에 0.8%, 전자 빔 12 MeV의 경우엔 0.8%이었다. 6 MV에서의 큰 차이는 측정 과정에 문제가 없었다면, 동일한 ${\kappa}_{Q,Q_0}$ 값을 모든 이온함에 적용한 게 한 요인이 될 수 있다. 이는 또한 외부 독립검사가 왜 중요한지를 보여 주는 예라 하겠다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.204-205
• /
• 2011

In thin film silicon solar cells, p-i-n structure is adopted instead of p/n junction structure as in wafer-based Si solar cells. PECVD is a most widely used thin film deposition process for a-Si:H or ${\mu}c$-Si:H solar cells. For best performance of thin film silicon solar cell, the dopant profiles at p/i and i/n interfaces need to be as sharp as possible. The sharpness of dopant profiles can easily achieved when using multi-chamber PECVD equipment, in which each layer is deposited in separate chamber. However, in a single-chamber PECVD system, doped and intrinsic layers are deposited in one plasma chamber, which inevitably impedes sharp dopant profiles at the interfaces due to the contamination from previous deposition process. The cross-contamination between layers is a serious drawback of a single-chamber PECVD system in spite of the advantage of lower initial investment cost for the equipment. In order to resolve the cross-contamination problem in single-chamber PECVD systems, flushing method of the chamber with NH3 gas or water vapor after doped layer deposition process has been used. In this study, a new plasma process to solve the cross-contamination problem in a single-chamber PECVD system was suggested. A single-chamber VHF-PECVD system was used for superstrate type p-i-n a-Si:H solar cell manufacturing on Asahi-type U FTO glass. A 80 MHz and 20 watts of pulsed RF power was applied to the parallel plate RF cathode at the frequency of 10 kHz and 80% duty ratio. A mixture gas of Ar, H2 and SiH4 was used for i-layer deposition and the deposition pressure was 0.4 Torr. For p and n layer deposition, B2H6 and PH3 was used as doping gas, respectively. The deposition temperature was $250^{\circ}C$ and the total p-i-n layer thickness was about $3500{\AA}$. In order to remove the deposited B inside of the vacuum chamber during p-layer deposition, a high pulsed RF power of about 80 W was applied right after p-layer deposition without SiH4 gas, which is followed by i-layer and n-layer deposition. Finally, Ag was deposited as top electrode. The best initial solar cell efficiency of 9.5 % for test cell area of 0.2 $cm^2$ could be achieved by applying the in-situ plasma cleaning method. The dependence on RF power and treatment time was investigated along with the SIMS analysis of the p-i interface for boron profiles.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.431-436
• /
• 2003

본 논문에서는 전자파 장해 및 복사내성 측정에 사용되는 준전자파 무반사실의 대용 방법으로 활용될 수 있는 전자파 잔향실 중에서 원통형 구조 전자파 잔향실의 전자기장 특성과 모드 분포를 연구하여 원통형 구조 전자파 잔향실의 모드 수 계산법을 제시하였으며, 이것을 사용하여 체적이 동일한 원통형 전자파 잔향실의 모드수를 반지름과 높이 비에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 또한 각각의 체적이 동일한 직사각형, 직각 이등변 삼각형, 원통형의 전자파 잔향실의 필드 균일도를 FDTD(Finite-Difference Time-Domain)를 이용하여 비교 해석하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1995년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
• /
• pp.1344-1346
• /
• 1995

The interrupting capability of gas circuit breakers(GCB) are critically dependent on the pressure rise of the puffer cylinder or the thermal expansion chamber at current zero. Therefore it's very useful for the designers to know the pressure rise there at the design stage. Much effort has been done to predict the pressure rise in the puffer cylinder or the thermal expansion chamber in no-load condition. Thus, we now calculate it with reasonable accuracy with the simple programs coded by ourselves or with the commercial CFD packages. However, it has been still difficult problem to calculate it under the existence of arc. In this paper, we propose a method which can be used to predict the pressure rise in the thermal expansion chamber of thermal expansion type GCB. The method has been applied to the 25.8kV 25kA thermal expansion type model GCB and the calculated results have been compared with those from experiment.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2003

Various measures have been tried to reduce the NOx emission from diesel engine, but with partial success because the mechanisms of NOx and PM formations appear to have trade-off relation between each other. Therefore it has been known to be difficult to reduce NOx emission and PM emission simultaneously. Two stage combustion method i,e. a combustion process which has rich combustion stage and lean combustion stage one by one, has been developed successfully to reduce NOx formation in the continuous combustion chambers such as in the boilers. But until yet it is not successful to apply the same method in intermittent combustion chamber like in the diesel engine cylinder, as it was, only several research works were carried out. In this study, devised was a uniquely shaped combustion chamber with reformed piston crown intended to keep fuel-rich condition during early stage of combustion and fuel-lean condition during next stage. It was found that the NOx emission decreased significantly at various conditions of operation with the two stage combustion type engines of PR20 type, but other values such as smoke, CO and specific fuel consumption deteriorated as usual.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.188-195
• /
• 1996

The AlSi etching process using the MERIE type reactor carried out with different process parameters such as C1$_{2}$ and N$_{2}$ gas flow rate, RF power and chamber pressure. The etching characteristics were evaluated in terms of etch rate, selectivity, uniformity and etched profile. As the N2 gas flow rate is increased, the AlSi etch rate is decreased and uniformity has remained constant within .+-.5%. The etch rate is increased and uniformity is decreased, according to increment of the C1$_{2}$ gas flow rate, RF power and chamber pressure. Selective etching of TEOS with respect to AlSi is decreased as the RF power is increased while it is increased by increment of the C1$_{2}$ gas flow rate and chamber pressure, on the other hand, selective etching of photoresist with respect to AlSi is increased by increment of the C1$_{2}$ gas flow rate and chamber pressure, it is decreased as the N$_{2}$ gas flow rate is increased.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.381-388
• /
• 1984

Cor triatriatum is rare congenital cardiac anomaly first described by Church in 1868. The anomaly consists of an abnormal partitioning of the left atrium by a fibromuscular membrane that divides the atrium into an upper chamber, which receives the pulmonary veins, and a lower chamber, which contains the atrial appendage and the mitral valve. The upper and lower chambers communicate through a stenotic fenestration in the membrane, which has the hemodynamic consequence of pulmonary venous obstruction. Recently we experienced cot triatriatum associated with partial anomalous pulmonary drainage to right atrium. The upper chamber was connected to right atrium through a sinus venous type of ASD and received left superior and both inferior pulmonary vein, whereas the lower chamber so called true left atrium communicated with right atrium through foramen ovale type of ASD, left atrial appendage and mitral orifice. And the anomalous membrane has no fenestrations which permit blood flow. The operation was made right atrial approach under the CPB. We excised completely the anomalous septum and reconstructed atrial septal defect with pericardial patch to drain the right upper pulmonary vein to the left atrium. The postoperative course has been good during follow up.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 2005년도 제31회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
• /
• pp.238-244
• /
• 2005

This study performs the pilot-plant experiments to evaluate the effect of the oxygen enrichment on the co-incineration of municipal solid waste and organic sludge from a wastewater treatment facility. The design capacity of the stoker-type incinerator pilot-plant is 150 kg/h. Combustion chamber temperatures were measured as well as the stack gas concentrations, i.e., NOx, CO, and the residual oxygen. The maximum ratio of organic sludge waste to the total waste input is 30%. Also the oxygen-enriched air with 23% of oxygen in supplied air is used for stable combustion. As the co-incineration ratio of the sludge increased up to 30% of the total waste input, the primary and the secondary combustion chamber temperature was decreased $to900^{\circ}C$ (primary combustion chamber), $750^{\circ}C$(secondary combustion chamber), respectively, approximately $200^{\circ}C$ below the incineration temperature of the domestic waste only (primary: $1,100^{\circ}C$, secondary: $950^{\circ}C$). However, if the supplied air was enriched to 22% oxygen content in air, the incinerator temperature was high enough to burn the waste mixture with 30% sludge, which has the heating value of 1,600 kcal/kg.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.839-848
• /
• 2000

본 논문은 전자파 장해 및 복사내성 측정에 사용되는 전자파 무반사실의 대용 방법으로 활용될 수 있는 전자파 잔향실의 전자기장 특성에 관하여 연구하였다. 체적이 동일한 직사각형 및 삼각형 구조의 잔향실 내부 필드균일성을 확보하기 위하여 Shroeder diffuser 방식을 적용하였으며, FDTD(Finite-Difference Time-Domain) 방법을 사용하여 잔향실 내부의 필드 특성을 조사하였다. 앞에서 언급한 두 가지 형태의 잔향실 내부에서 필드 특성을 조사하기 위해 시험공간 내의 75% 샘플을 가지고 분석하였다. 직사각형 잔향실의 경우 최대 $\pm$3dB, 삼각형 잔향실의 경우 최대 $\pm$4.4dB 내의 tolerance를 나타내었으며, 또한 직사각형 잔향실의 경우 편파에 대해서도 독립적이라는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.