• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.474-481
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to the wastewater treatment systems employed in the Living Building Challenge. Methods: I reviewed a range of information on decentralized wastewater treatment technologies such as composting toilets, constructed wetlands, recirculating biofilters, membrane bioreactors, and MFCs. Results: The Living Building Challenge is a set of standards to make buildings more eco-friendly using renewable resources and self-treating water systems. Although there are various decentralized wastewater treatment technologies available, MFCs have been considered an attractive future option for a decentralized system as used in the Living Building Challenge. MFCs can directly convert substrate energy to electricity with high conversion efficiency at ambient and even at low temperatures. MFCs do not require energy input for aeration if using open-air cathodes. Moreover, MFCs have the potential for widespread application in locations lacking water and electrical infrastructure Conclusions: This paper demonstrated the feasibility of MFCs as a novel decentralized wastewater treatment system employed in the Living Building Challenge.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.485-496
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• 2021

This study explores the direct relationship between challenge and hindrance demands affecting autonomous extrinsic motivation and sales performance. In addition, we examine the mediating role of autonomous extrinsic motivation in the relationship between challenge demands, hindrance demands, and sales performance. This study explores the direct relationship between challenge and hindrance demands affecting autonomous extrinsic motivation and sales performance. In addition, we examine the mediating role of autonomous extrinsic motivation in the relationship between challenge demands, hindrance demands, and sales performance. This study proceeded in two phases comprising preliminary and prime research. First, preliminary quantitative research was conducted through face-to-face interviews with 125 observations to analyze the reliability of the scale and exploratory factor analysis to evaluate the measurements. The data collected from 431 real estate market employees shows that both challenge and hindrance demands positively and negatively affect sales performance through autonomous extrinsic motivation. Furthermore, challenge demands and hindrance demands affect positive and negative sales performance through autonomous extrinsic motivation, respectively. This study suggests that business organizations should design job demands to ensure that challenging work is suitable for employees' job positions. Thus, they will contribute to motivation and help employees achieve job performance.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.818-827
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• 2016

This study hypothesized that dietary feed additive containing probiotics alter either immune-related serum substances or serum metabolites in Hanwoo heifers. A probiotic treatment was given at 0.5% top-dressing of concentrate diet for 6 months. The change of immunological indicators in the blood was analyzed under LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) challenge. One day before administration of LPS, all heifers were fitted with an indwelling jugular vein catheter for serial blood collections. Both a serum tube and an EDTA-coated tube were collected at 30-min intervals from - 2 to 8 hours relative to the LPS challenge at time 0 ($1{\mu}g/kg$ of BW). Serum was used for analyzing albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), triglycerides (TG), phosphorus (IP), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Plasma was used for analyzing white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), platelet (PLT) and inflammation-related factors (NE, LY, MO, EO, BA, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, MPV). There were significant differences in ALB, GLU, TG, IP, and NEFA concentration with the passage of hours post challenge (p < 0.05). The level of ALB, GLU, TG, and IP showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between treatments. However, none of the data showed interaction between time and treatments (p > 0.05). The level of WBC, EO, LY, and MO were reduced after LPS challenge (p > 0.05). In conclusion, LPS challenge after dietary supplementation of probiotics changed the levels of both serum metabolites and inflammation-related factors. The increase of GLU and TG indicated a probiotics-positive response under LPS challenge (p < 0.05).

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2011

일본의 경우 상점가나 중심 시가지의 빈 점포 대책의 대표적 수단으로 2000년부터 챌린지 숍의 운영이 전국 각지에서 실시되고 있다. 지방자치단체나 상공회의소 등이 챌린지 숍을 도입하는 목적은 사업추진을 통해 수년 후에는 그 지역에서 창업할 수 있는 인재를 길러 그 창업자가 빈 점포에 들어가게 하여 빈 점포를 줄여간다고 하는 것이다. 하지만 챌린지 숍 운영에 있어 단지 출점자를 모집하는 것만으로는 사업의 목적을 달성하는 것은 어렵다. 챌린지 숍은 중심 시가지나 상점가가 단번에 활기를 되찾는다고 말할 수는 없지만 상권을 촉진하는데 기여하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 일본의 챌린지 숍 운영사례를 기초로 그 성공요인을 정리해 보고, 국내챌린지 숍 운영사례로 대전 중앙지하상가와 안양 중앙시장의 1시장 1대학 전담제를 통한창업자를 배출하고 있는 사례를 통한 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2019

이 연구는 대학생들을 대상으로 학습민첩성, 학업도전, 진로준비행동 간의 영향관계를 파악하고, 학습민첩성이 학업도전을 매개로 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향을 실증하여 대학에서 실시하는 진로교육에 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 서울, 경기와 충북의 4년제 대학 4곳의 학생들을 대상으로 420부의 설문지를 배포하고 성실하게 작성된 398부의 설문 응답을 토대로 SPSS 22.0과 AMOS 22.0을 통해 통계분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과 학습민첩성은 학업도전을 매개로하여 진로준비행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 학업도전 역시 진로준비행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 학업도전은 학습민첩성과 진로준비행동의 영향관계에서 완전매개역할을 하므로 이는 학습민첩성은 학업도전을 수반할 때 진로준비행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석되며 이는 대학의 효과적인 진로교육을 위해 학습민첩성과 학업도전 등의 변인에 대한 연구가 요구된다는 것을 보여준다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2016

Ambroxol is used in COPD and asthma to increase mucociliary clearance and regulate surfactant levels, perhaps through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. To determine the role and effect of ambroxol in an experimental model of asthma, BALB/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) followed by 3 days of challenge. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), lung cell composition and histology, and cytokine and protein carbonyl levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were determined. Ambroxol was administered either before the first OVA challenge or was begun after the last allergen challenge. Cytokine production levels from lung mononuclear cells (Lung MNCs) or alveolar macrophages (AM) were also determined. Administration of ambroxol prior to challenge suppressed AHR, airway eosinophilia, goblet cell metaplasia, and reduced inflammation in subepithelial regions. When given after challenge, AHR was suppressed but without effects on eosinophil numbers. Levels of IL-5 and IL-13 in BAL fluid were decreased when the drug was given prior to challenge; when given after challenge, increased levels of IL-10 and IL-12 were detected. Decreased levels of protein carbonyls were detected in BAL fluid following ambroxol treatment after challenge. In vitro, ambroxol increased levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-12 from Lung MNCs and AM, whereas IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production was not altered. Taken together, ambroxol was effective in preventing AHR and airway inflammation through upregulation of Th1 cytokines and protection from oxidative stress in the airways.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.176-179
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• 2000

A challenge phage system was used to study the DNA-protein interaction between C4-dicarboxylic acid transport protein D(DCTD) or $\sigma$54, and a $\sigma$54 -dependent promoter, dctAp. R. meliloti dctA promoter regulatory region replaced the Omnt site on the phage. S. typhimurium strains overproducing either DCTD or $\sigma$54 directed this challenge phage towards lysogency, indicating that DCTD or E$\sigma$54 recognized the dctA promoter on the phage and repressed transcription of the ant gene. These challenge phage constructs will be useful for examining interactions between DCTD(or $\sigma$54) and the dctA promoter region.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the difference between perceived challenges measured before and after shopping online for fashion products and their effects in leading to flow. An online survey including an online shopping task was conducted with a national sample of 500 adult consumers recruited in the U.S.A. The paired t-test results show that perceived challenge measured before the task is significantly higher than perceived challenge measured after the task. ANOVA results further show that the interaction effect between skill and challenge on flow is significant only when perceived challenge is measured after that task. Implications of the findings and recommendations for further research are also discussed.

• 한국정보기술학회 영문논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2018

The current PC user authentication uses character password based on user's knowledge. However, this can easily be exploited by password cracking or key-logging programs. In addition, the use of a difficult password and the periodic change of the password make it easy for the user to mistake exposing the password around the PC because it is difficult for the user to remember the password. In order to overcome this, we propose user gesture recognition and challenge-response authentication. We apply user's hand gesture instead of character password. In the challenge-response method, authentication is performed in the form of responding to a quiz, rather than using the same password every time. To apply the hand gesture to challenge-response authentication, the gesture is recognized and symbolized to be used in the quiz response. So we show that this method can be applied to PC user authentication.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2017

2015 개정 교육과정에서의 정보 교과는 지능 정보 사회를 대비하기 위한 핵심 교과로서의 정체성을 확립하였다. 그러나 교과의 성격, 목표, 내용체계 및 성취기준 등이 체계성을 갖추고 있는데 반해, 효과적인 교수 학습 및 평가 방법에 대한 연구는 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 2004년 리투아니아에서 시작되어 2015년 전 세계 130만 명의 학생들이 참여하는 등 해외 여러 국가에서 정보 교과의 새로운 교육 모델로서 주목받고 있는 비버 챌린지의 교육적 활용 가능성을 2015 개정 정보과 교육과정의 관점에서 분석하고, 비버 챌린지의 토착화를 위한 향후 과제를 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결과가 비버 챌린지의 보급 및 확산뿐만 아니라 정보 교육을 위한 교수 학습 및 평가 모델 연구의 단초가 되기를 기대한다.