• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2013

Our study is to review Chinese traditional medicine's journals about the diagnosis and treatment of spasmodic torticollis such as category, syndrome differentiation, acupoints of treatment, and herbal medicine. The journal search was performed using the search engine of China Academic Journal (CAJ) and China Doctor/Master's Dissertation (CDMD) in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 1982 to October 2012. Searching key words were the diverse combination of "spasmodic torticollis", "cervical dystonia", "Chinese traditonal medicine", "herbal medicine", "acupuncture", and "syndrome differentiation". The inclusion criteria was all kinds of journals including Chinese traditional medicine approach except for experiment study. The category, syndrome differentiation, acupoints of treatment, and herbal medicine from finally selected journals were extracted and summarized. The fourty-seven Chinese journals were selected finally. The category was divided into wind syndrome, trembling syndrome, convulsive syndrome, and convulsions. The syndrome differentiation was classified as internal stirring of liver wind, yin-blood depletion, invasion of external contraction, uncontrol of governor vessel, internal obstruction of phlegm turbidity, dual deficiency of qi and blood, and blood stasis due to qi stagnation. The combination of acupoints to unblock the meridian and dissipate binds and to tonify governor vessel and repel tremor was mainly used in acupuncture treatment. Galgun-tang or galgun-tanggami was primarily used and the others were the prescriptions to tonify liver and kidney, to calm convulsion, and to dispeling wind-phlegm. We suggests that spasmodic torticollis could be treated using Korean medicine's approach in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.285-290
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• 1997

Horner's syndrome is a well-recognized complication of regional analgesia of neck and shoulder region, and not often a complication of lumbar or low thoracic epidural block. Recently we experienced right Horner's syndrome accompanying paralysis of right upper extremity following lumbar epidural block in for an obstetric patient. Epidurography and MRI was performed to clarify the cause of unilateral high epidural block and cervical sympathetic block. Radiologic study demonstrated a loop formation of the epidural catheter and tip of catheter was located in right anterior epidural spaced(L1-2). The initial epidurogram revealed unilateral spreading of dye in the cervical region in right epidural space. A second epidurogram, 10 minutes following, showed dye filling in left epidural space, however spread of dye in left side was limited to lumbar and low thoracic region. We concluded the most probable cause of this unilateral high epidural block was due to misplacement of the catheter into the anterior epidural space.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report a case of Brown-Sequard syndrome caused by traumatic cervical fracture, presenting pain in the right upper extremity and back of the left hand, motor weakness in the right side and diminished pain and temperature in the left side. Methods : A patient received Korean medical treatment(acupuncture, electroacupuncture, herbal medicine, cupping, moxibustion, Silver Spike point electrotherapy(SSP)) and rehabilitation treatment. We evaluated pain with the Numeric Rating Scale(NRS), motor grade with a Medical Research Council(MRC) scale, sensory function and Modified Barthel Index(MBI). Results : After treatment, the patient showed considerable improvement in NRS, motor & sensory function, and MBI. Conclusions : Korean medical and rehabilitation treatments could be effective for Brown-Sequard syndrome patients. More extensive studies should be carried out.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.333-337
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• 2018

Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a type of acute herpes zoster, which occurs by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus at the geniculate ganglion. Clinical presentation of Ramsay Hunt syndrome includes a vesicular rash on the ear (herpes zoster oticus) or in the oral mucosa accompanied by acute peripheral facial nerve paralysis. Other cranial nerves such as V, IX, XI, and XII are often involved. Additional variability of the clinical picture of Ramsay Hunt syndrome is produced by varying patterns of skin involvement explained by individual anastomoses between cranial and cervical nerves. Combination treatment containing anti-viral agents and steroids is recommended for the treatment of Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Additionally, early diagnosis of Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a crucial factor to improve damaged nerves in Ramsay Hunt syndrome, which initiates treatment as soon as possible.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1192-1196
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• 1991

Thoracic outlet syndrome is very rare thoracic surgical neurovascular disorder which is subject to compression by bones and muscular structures impinging upon the subclavian artery, vein k brachial plexus. The operative therapy is applied to remove the anatomical abnormal structures which leads to the compression to develop symptoms. We have operated one patient with thoracic outlet syndrome by excision of cervical ribs & first ribs with using transaxillary & posterior parascapular approaches in the thoracic surgical department, Yonsei University College of medicine, The post-operative courses has been uneventful for 7 months to now.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.506-508
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• 1994

Thoracic outlet syndrome refers to compression of the subclavian vessels and brachial plexus at the superior aperture of the thorax. A 35-year old female was evaluated for right hand numbness. This patient had a history of headache, right shoulder pain, and right hand numbness during 10 months.Preoperative angiography, EMG, and NCV was performed. First rib and cervical rib resection was done with transaxillary approach. After operation, right hand numbness and right shoulder pain were disappeared. Postoperative course was uneventful.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.264-270
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• 2000

The occurrence of neurologic symptoms after cervical manipulation(Chuna treatment) seems to be an uncommon event considering the large number of manipulations performed. The precise incidence is unknown, for only patients with serious complications seek medical care. We recently experienced a 3D-year-old woman who developed sudden neurologic complications after cervical Chuna treatment by a nonprofessional therapist. Whether the manipulation is the major causative factor in the subsequent stroke can be disputable and must be considered in each case. Physicians and patients, however, should be aware that cerebrovascular accidents may occur as a result of cervical manipulation.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2011

Purpose: As clinical manifestations of thoracic outlet syndrome are vague pain or symptoms in upper extremity, the diagnosis of the disease is delayed or misdiagnosed as cervical HNP, shoulder pathologies, or peripheral neuropathies. In that reason, many patients spend time for unnecessary or ineffective treatments. We report the results of our thoracic outlet syndrome cases, which were treated by conservative care or surgical treatment. Materials & Methods: Twenty five cases, diagnosed as thoracic outlet syndrome since 1999, were reviewed retrospectively. Physical examinations including Adson's and reverse Adson's test, hyperabduction test, costoclavicular maneuver, and Roo's test, plain radiography of shoulder and cervical spine, MRI of neck or brachial plexus, and EMG were checked. If subjective symptoms were not improved after conservative treatments over three months, surgical treatment were performed. Nine patients were performed operative treatment and the others had conservative treatment in outpatient clinic. Postoperative improvement of symptoms and the follow up period, and the results of conservative care were reviewed. Results: Among five physical examinations, mean 1.75 tests were positive, and EMG has little diagnostic value. MRI were performed in twenty cases and compression of brachial plexus were found in 6 cases (30%). Ten patients out of 16 conservative treatment group had excellent improvement of symptoms, and 5 had good results. Eight patients out of 9 operative treatment group had excellent improvement with mean 5.1 months of follow-up period. Conclusion: Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome is difficult due to bizarre and vague symptoms. However if the diagnosis is suspected by careful physical examinations, radiologic studies, or nerve conduction studies, conservative care should be done as initial treatment and at least after three months, reassess the patient's condition. If the results of conservative treatment is not satisfactory and still the thoracic outlet syndrome is suspected, surgical treatment should be considered. Conservative treatment and operative technique are the valuable for the treatment of this disease.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.194-198
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• 2007

The PFAPA syndrome is characterized by periodic fever, malaise, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis without long-term sequelae. It has been known as one of the cause of periodic fever in children. Because there is no specific laboratory findings, the diagnosis of PFAPA syndrome is not only made by exclusion of diseases which are related to the other causes of periodic fever, but also made by a careful history and characteristic clinical manifestations. The dramatic response to the single oral dose of corticosteroid is unique to this syndrome. The PFAPA syndrome tends to be resolved without any long-term adverse sequelae. We have reported a 3 year old boy who was diagnosed as having PFAPA syndrome by episodes of periodic fever for 3 months and by excluding other febrile diseases. He was treated with oral prednisolone and his symptoms had been improved dramatically.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2006

PFAPA syndrome is characterized by periodic fevers associated with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis and is unusual in infants and children. We report on a case of PFAPA syndrome mimicking cyclic vomiting syndrome in a 42-month-old girl. She had experienced multiple episodes of cyclic vomiting with abdominal pain from age 20 to 30 months. When she was 30 months old, periodic fever with pharyngitis was combined with cyclic vomiting, and when 40 months old, aphthous stomatitis and cervical adenitis were added. These periodic symptoms and signs were not treated with prokinetics or antibiotics. Symptom duration of an episode was 3 days. After cimetidine therapy (150 mg three times daily for 6 months), her febrile and cyclic vomiting episodes ceased. At the time of writing she had not received therapy for 10 months and has remained well without periodic attack.