• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 1994

We studied cervical cytology of 175 cases of histologically confirmed microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in Cheil General Hospital from 1991 to 1993. Excluding 32 cases of insufficient smear, 143 cases were reviewed in view of background, cellularity, smear pattern, nuclear chromatin and presence of nucleoli. The characteristic findings of microinvasive carcinoma were syncytia and/or individual tumor cells in the focally necrotic inflammatory background. Nuclear chromatin was clear or fine. Nucleoli were observed in 55%. The prediction rate of microinvasive carcinoma was 74%. There is no significant relationship between the cellular features and depth of invasion.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.645-648
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• 2005

Cutaneous horn is a morphologic designation for a projectile, conical, dense hyperkeratotic nodule that resembles the horn of an animal. The lesion varies in size from only a few millimeters to several centimeters, in color(white or yellowish) and in form (straight, curved, or twisted). It arises from a wide range of epidermal lesions, which include benign lesions, premalignant lesions and malignant lesions. An 83-year-old women came to our clinic with a giant cutaneous horn on the right chin and a small horn on the left upper eyelid. The patient had no palpable cervical lymph node. A wide elliptical skin incision was made and the horn was totally excised. In pathology, the giant cutaneous horn on the right chin revealed a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with subcutis invasion at its base. "Giant cutaneous horns" have often been associated with invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Cutaneous horns are common lesions usually found on the face, rarely larger than 2 cm. As large cutaneous horns are often associated with underlying malignancy, histopathologic examination of the base of the lesion is necessary to rule out carcinoma and full excision is recommended.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.456-465
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• 2023

Cervical tumors represent a prevalent form of cancer affecting women worldwide; current treatment options involve surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation, is a crucial factor in cervical tumor growth. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the liver kinase B1 (LKB1/STK11) tumor suppressor protein on tumor angiogenesis have not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the role of LKB1 in cervical tumor angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo in this study. Our results demonstrated that LKB1 inhibited cervical tumor angiogenesis by suppressing the expression of angiogenesis-related factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α. LKB1 directly affected both carcinoma and vascular endothelial cells, resulting in a significant reduction in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Furthermore, LKB1 was found to bind to VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and target the VEGFR-2-mediated protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway in endothelial cells, thereby reducing cervical tumor growth and angiogenesis. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of LKB1 in cervical cancer. These findings will help develop new therapeutic strategies for cervical cancer.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.50-53
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• 2007

Adrenal metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma is extremely rare. We present herein a patient with adrenal metastases from recurrent papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. A 54 year-old woman had received a total thyroidectomy and postoperative radioactive iodine therapy for locally advanced papillary thyroid carcinoma. One year after initial surgery, distant metastases to multiple organs including right cervical lymph nodes, left upper lung, left 2nd and 3rd ribs, 2nd thoracic vertebra and left adrenal gland were found by 18-FDG-PET-CT whole body scan. She underwent right modified neck dissection, partial resection of left 2nd and 3rd ribs, posterior arch of 2nd thoracic vertebra, left upper lobectomy of lung, and left adrenalectomy. On histologic examination, metastases to the left adrenal gland and cervical lymph nodes were papillary thyroid carcinomas, while other metastatic sites turned out to be anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Despite aggressive surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy, her general clinical conditions were getting worse day by day due to regrowing of the anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.4271-4275
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• 2015

Objectives: To investigate the expression of vimentin and Ki-67 proteins in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and their relationships with patient clinicopathological features. Materials and Methods:Fifty-seven CSCC samples archived in Department of Pathology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were selected. The expression of vimentin and Ki-67 proteins in CSCC tissue were detected using immunohistochemical SP method, and correlations between them and their relationships with clinicopathological features were analyzed. Results: Among 57 CSCC tissues, there were 43 with positive expression of Vimentin, and the positive rate was 75.4%; there were 57 cases with positive expression of Ki-67, and the positive rate came up to 100.0%. The results of Pearson correlation analysis displayed that the expression of vimentin had a significantly-positive correlation with Ki-67 in CSCC tissue (r=0.984, co0.000). The expression of both Ki-67 and vimentin was intimately associated with the presence or absence of local invasion and lymph node metastasis as well as differentiated degrees of the tumor (P=0.003, 0.017, 0.000; P=0.001, 0.008, 0.003) instead of the age, tumor size and clinical staging (P>0.05). Conclusions: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) tends to appear in poorly-differentiated CSCC tissue, and the up-regulation of vimentin expression is accompanied by high expression of Ki-67, suggesting that invasion and metastasis readily occur in these tumor cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.855-860
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between different sonographic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) on high-frequency ultrasound and cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM). Materials and Methods: We enrolled 548 patients who underwent initial surgery for PTC between May 2011 and December 2012 in our hospital at diagnosis. The sonographic features of 513 PTC nodules in 513 eligible patients, who had single PTC nodules in their thyroid glands, were retrospectively investigated. All patients with a suspect malignant nodule (d<0.5cm) among multiple nodules were initially diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to ascertain if the suspect nodule was PTC. The final diagnosis of all the thyroid nodules and existence of CLNM were based on postoperative pathology. Patients were divided into two groups: a positive group with CLNM (224 nodules) and a negative group without CLNM (289 nodules). The following factors were investigated: gender, age, echogenicity, echotexture, size, shape, location, margin, contour, calcification morphology, distance between the nodule and pre- or post-border of the thyroid capsule, vascularity and the differences between the two groups. Results: Correlation analysis showed that shorter distances between the nodule and pre- or postborder of thyroid capsule resulted in greater risk of CLNM (Spearman correlation coefficient=-0.22, p<0.0001). The significant factors in multivariate analysis were age<45yrs, larger size (d>1cm), "wider than tall" shape, extrathyroid extension and mixed flow (internal and peripheral) (p<0.05, OR=0.406, 2.093, 0.461, 1.610, 1.322). Conclusions: Significant sonographic features of PTC nodules in preoperative high-frequency ultrasound are crucial for predicting CLNM.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.97-110
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• 2006

Purpose : To address the ability of Myrrha (MY) to induce cell death, we investigated the effect of MY on apoptosis. In human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, apoptosis occurred following MY exposure in a dose-dependent manner. Methods : We have tested several kinds of anti-oxidants to investigate the MY-induced apoptotic mechanism. Among the anti-oxidants, N-acetyl cysteine(NAC) or reduced glutathione (GSH) protects MY-induced apoptosis. NAC is an aminothiol and synthetic precursor of intracellular cysteine and GSH. To confirm the role of GSH in MY-induced apoptosis, methionine and cystathionine-glutathione extrusion inhibitors were treated in the presence of MY. Results : NAC, GSH, methionine or cystathionine led to protective effect against MY-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. The GSH and GSH-associated reagents regulate MY-induced cytochrome c release and the resultant caspase-3 activation. Furthermore, the two specific inhibitors of carrier-mediated GSH extrusion, methionine and cystathionine demonstrate GSH extrusion occurs via a specific mechanism. While decreasing GSH extrusion and protecting against MY-induced apoptosis, methionine and cystathionine failed to exert anti-apoptotic activity in cells previously deprived of GSH. Conclusion : the target of the protection is indeed GSH extrusion. This shows that the protective effect is achieved by forcing GSH to stay within the cells during apoptogenic treatment. All this evidence indicates the extrusion of GSH precedes andis responsible for the apoptosis, probably by altering the intracellular redox state, thus giving a rationale for the development of redox-dependent apoptosis in MY-treated human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.1992-1998
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• 2007

자궁 경부 세포진 영상의 효과적인 세포핵 영역 추출과 인식 및 분류를 위해서는 세포진 영상의 배경 그리고 세포핵과 세포질 영역의 정확한 구분이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 자궁 경부 세포진 영상에서 세포핵 영역과 배경을 효과적으로 분할하기 위 해 Median 필터를 적용하여 전체적인 영상의 명암값을 보정한 후, Gaussian 필터를 적용하여 그레이 영상에서 존재하는 잡음을 제거한다. Kapur 방법을 통해 배경과 세포의 엔트로피 누적 확률을 이용하여 영상을 이진화 한다. 자궁 경부진 영상에서는 군집화된 세포 영 역 이 빈번하게 나타난다. 군집화가 심화된 세포영역에서는 그 영역의 평균 명암도 값을 이용하여 세밀하게 영역을 재분할 한다. 그런 후, 미세잡음을 제거하기 위해 $3{\times}3$ 마스크를 적용하여 미세한 잡음을 제거 한 후, 8 방향 윤곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하여 분할된 영역에서 세포들의 후보영역을 추출한다. 추출된 세포영역은 크기, 면적 비율, 핵 외곽의 방향성 정보를 이용하여 정상 세포와 암세포를 인식 및 분류한다. 실험 결과에서는 제안된 방법의 성능이 전문의와 소견과 비교적 근접한 것을 보여준다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.207-211
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• 1998

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare tumor accounting for less than 1% of all cervical adenocarcinoma. This tumor is characterized by aggressive biological behavior with frequent local recurrence or metastatic spread, postmenopausal onset, and occasional association with conventional squamous cell carcinoma. The cytologic diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the uterine cervix is often difficult because of negative smear due to intact overlying mucosa, cytologic findings mimicking endometrial cells, and masquerade as squamous ceil carcinoma. Recently we have experienced a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in the uterine cervix, which was identified on the routine Papanicolaou smear and was histologically confirmed by the consequent biopsy. The smear showed abundant cellularity composed of relatively uniform cells. The tumor cells were arranged in small clusters, acini, naked cells, and loose sheets with abortive cribriform pattern. There were scattered globoid basement membrane-like materials and tumor diathesis. The nuclei were pleomorphic and showed hyperchromatic and coarsely granular choromatin with inconspicuous nucleoli. The punch biopsy of the uterine cervix showed typical histologic findings of adenoid cystic carcinoma characterized by tumor nests composed of hyperchromatic uniform basaloid cells, cribriform pattern, and cylindrical hyaline bodies.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.428-440
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• 1991

자궁경부암의 유병율을 추정하고 그와 관련된 위험요인을 조사하기 위하여 1984년 3월부터 1990년 12월까지 대구시 일 개 보건소에서 기혼여성 5,417명을 대상으로 실시한 자궁경부 세포학적 검사결과는 다음과 같다. 총 검진자수 5,417명 중에서 정상이 3,817명 (70.46%), 양성 비정상(염증)이 1,542명 (28.74%), 이형증이 51명(0.94%), 상피내암 및 침윤암이 7명 (0.13%)이였다. 이형증 이상의 이상소견율은 인구 10만명당 1,070명이었다. 이들을 더 세분하면 이형증은 인구 10만명당 940명, 상피내암 및 침윤암은 인구 10만명당 130명으로 나타났다. 대구시 인구를 표준인구로 하여 연령을 교정한 성적은 인구 10만명당 850명으로 추정되었다. 이상소견율은 연령이 증가할수록 유의하게 증가하는 경향이 있었다(p<0.05). 결혼연령과 세포학적 검사결과 이상소견율과의 관계는 결혼연령이 낮을수록, 교육수준이 낮을수록 이상소견율이 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 자녀수와 이상소견율은 유의한 관계가 아니었고, 인공유산과 임신회수는 통계적으로 유의한 관계를 보였다 (p<0.05). 연령의 영향을 조정하기 위하여 연령을 층화한 후의 결혼연령은 자궁경부암과 유의한 관련성이 있었다(p<0.05). 그러나 교육수준, 자녀수, 인공유산, 임신회수는 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 자궁경부의 염증상태와 유두종 바이러스는 교차비 (Odds ratio)는 각각 13.48(95% 신뢰구간 $7.80{\sim}23.40$), 474.29 (95% 신뢰구간 $196.80{\sim}1143.10$)로 자궁경부암과 유의한 관련성이 있었다. 이상의 결과 자궁경부암을 조기발견하기 위해서는 집단세포 검진이 필요하며, 특히 자궁경부의 염증을 자주 호소하는 여성들과 결혼연령이 20세 이전인 조혼 여성들은 25세이상이 되면 자궁경부암에 대한 정기적인 검진을 받도록 해야 할 것이다.요인은 아파트(6.6%)나 단독주택(6.2%)에 사는 아동보다 상가건물(14.0%)에 사는 아동이 심하게 매맞은 율이 높았고(P=0.018) 자기집(6.3%)에서 사는 아동보다 세들어 사는 아동(8.4%)이 심하게 매맞은 율이 높았다(p=0.05). 부모가 맞벌이 하는 아동(9.1%)과 부모 모두 직업이 없는 아동(20.7%)이 심한 매를 맞은 율이 아버지(5.1%)나 어머니(4.5%)만 직업이 있는 아동보다 높았다(p=0.006). 가족 중 질병을 앓는 가족이 있는 아동(80.8%)이 질병을 앓는 가족이 없는 아동(71.4%)보다 매맞은 율이 높았고(p=0.001), 부모사이에 다투는 빈도가 높을수록 구타발생률이 높았다(p=0.000). 아버지의 직업이 전문직일 때 매를 맞지 않은 비율(39.4%)이 전체(26.9%)에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p=0.01).5mg/m^3$였으나, 작업환경 개선조치 후 각각 $0.216mg/m^3,\;0.208mg/m^3$로 감소되었고, 제II부서는 $0.232mg/m^3$였는데 개선조치후 $0.148mg/m^3,\;0.120mg/m^3$였으며, 작업환경 개선 조치후 측정한 제III부서는 1988년 1월, 8월에 각각 $0.124mg/m^3,\;0.091mg/m^3$였고 제IV부서(이동부서)는 1988년 8월에 $0.110mg/m^3$로 III, IV부서가 I, II부서에 비해 낮았다. 각 부서별 비교에서 A군과 B군의 혈중 연농도는 공기중 연농도와 비례하지 않는 결과를 보여 작업환경이 제일 나쁜 제 I부서에서 오히려 혈중 연농도가 낮고 작업환경이 좋은 제III부서에서 더 급격히 혈중 연농도가 증가하였다. C군은 제 I부서의 혈중 연농도가 제일 높았고 이동부서인 제IV부서에서 제일 낮아 공기중 연농도와 혈중 연농도 사이에 일정한 관련성을 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 연취급