• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.49-56
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• 2023

Currently, e-commerce is changing from a digital twin to a metaverse world. The metaverse world is an intermediate form between virtual and real worlds and is operated as a coin-based meta-commerce. In this meta-commerce world, blockchain-based NFT coins are used when trading items (contents). In this study, we studied how to issue a large number of NFT coins (certification) rather than issuing a single type of NFT. The research method was designed to produce content layer-based and automatically create the desired quantity using a mass NFT index and automatic generation method. In this study, a layer overlap method (background, body, etc.) was used with a Phyton-based program for mass minting. As a result, it can be used as a blockchain-based certificate that can prove a group of many people. In addition, the content created with the NFT index was registered on the NFT sales site to confirm its utilization and value.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.2 s.24
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• pp.120-128
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• 2005

ISO 9001, the quality management system issued by the International Organization for Standardization, is being used by architectural design and engineering firms in order to strengthen the capability of business activities through the implementation of the international and advanced quality management systems. However, there have been significant problems in stable implementation and settlement of ISO 9001 in construction industry, which seem to be caused by key employees' lack of proper recognition and comprehension. The purpose of this research, accordingly, is to find and analyze nonconformity results which were found when the third party registrars audited the conformity of companies' quality management systems for ISO 9001 certification especially in architectural design and engineering firms. For this purpose this research was conducted by a cluster analysis of 647 audit reports out of representative 15 architectural design and engineering firms that have been audited periodically from 1997 to 2003 by the third party registrars. The analysis showed that the most frequent problems were generated in the areas of $\ulcorner$Design and Development$\lrcorner$ , $\ulcorner$production and Service Provision$\lrcorner$ , and $\ulcorner$General requirements$\lrcorner$ of the quality management system. The following, the areas of $\ulcorner$Monitoring and Measurement$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$purchasing$\lrcorner$ were also analyzed as main factors which caused frequent nonconformity results. This research also shows that the corrective actions for nonconformity results are closely connected with the whole management activities in architectural design and engineering firms. Consequently, corrective actions for disposition of nonconformities should be implemented more specifically in order to settle and activate the quality management systems in architectural design and engineering firms.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.271-280
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a new safety system composed of wearable devices, driver's seat belt, and integrating controllers. The wearable device and driver's seat belt capture driver's biological information, while the integrating controller analyzes captured signal to alarm the driver or directly control the car appropriately according to the status of the driver. Previous studies regarding driver's safety from driver's seat, steering wheel, or facial camera to capture driver's physiological signal and facial information had difficulties in gathering accurate and continuous signals because the sensors required the upright posture of the driver. Utilizing wearable sensors, however, our proposed system can obtain continuous and highly accurate signals compared to the previous researches. Our advanced wearable apparatus features a sensor that measures the heart rate, skin conductivity, and skin temperature and applies filters to eliminate the noise generated by the automobile. Moreover, the acceleration sensor and the gyro sensor in our wearable device enable the reduction of the measurement errors. Based on the collected bio-signals, the criteria for identifying the driver's condition were presented. The accredited certification body has verified that the devices has the accuracy of the level of medical care. The laboratory test and the real automobile test demonstrate that our proposed system is good for the measurement of the driver's condition.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.129-145
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• 2018

The main subjects of this study is to study the qualification and in-service education policies of the child care center staff and to suggest a desirable direction of policy. The main subjects of this study are child care staff policies and related laws. The results of this study shows that the philosophy, developmental psychology and some social backgrounds are the stantards required when designating the child care curriculum and essential subjects for attaining class 2 childcare teacher certificates. This study arises the needs of adjustment of the fields of the childcare curriculum contents, change between mandatory and elective subjects, and renewal of the subject title. The standards for competency in provision of childcare services of National Competency Standard(NCS) has to be considered in the adjustment process. The integrated teacher's certificate for teachers training system is needed in the reserve integration process. The systematization of the data and operating system is needed to manage the target of education efficiently, in order to develop childcare center staff's strengthening ability and professionalism. For in-service education, the diversification of the main body of operation, a periodical monitoring of the content, administrative and financial support are needed. Voluntary participation of in-service education, and the childcare center staffs professional development policy making supported by the government and parents is needed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.109-123
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• 2020

Objectives: The aims of this study were to review the standards and key components of the standards for disposable masks in Korea, the US, EU, Japan, and China and to evaluate the appropriateness of disposable masks during a virus pandemic. Methods: We reviewed the standards in the above countries and compared their key elements for each standard. For the second purpose, systemic paper gathering using key words like 'mask', 'respirator' 'virus', and 'coronavirus' in the PubMed search engine was performed. Fifty-three papers were selected and reviewed in regard to the appropriateness of test protocols with sodium chloride(NaCl) particles for virus filtration and the effectiveness against viruses. Results: The standards for masks are largely divided into two categories: US standards and EU standards. In Korea, the Ministry of Employment and Labor adapted the EU standards for workers and the Health Masks adopted the Ministry of Employment and Labor standards by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Regarding airborne viral infections, WHO emphasizes only droplet infection, while many studies have shown that small particles enter the air through coughing or sneezing, which increases the possibility of airborne infection. Compared to other particles, various factors such as airborne viability and the ability to replicate the virus in the body are further involved in the virus's airborne infection rate. Airborne infection is classified into absolute air infection, preferential air infection, and opportunistic air infection. The NaCl-certified N95 mask showed good filtration efficiency against viruses and NaCl particles were proved to be a surrogate material for viruses. From this, KF94 is also expected to be effective in blocking viruses. Conclusion: The N95 test method could be used as a surrogate test method for virus filtration. N95-class masks have been found to effectively block viral infections in the air. However, surgical or medical masks are only partially effective against airborne virus infection though they could effectively block large droplet infection. However, most studies considered in this study targeted N95 in foreign countries and studies on masks actually used in Korea are very limited, so studies on microorganisms and reuse on domestic masks should be conducted in the future.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.435-440
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• 2011

In this experiment, two inclusion levels (15 and 30% of diets, as-fed basis) of brown rice (BR) were tested against a control diet with 0% BR (51% wheat flour of diet). Six female Maltese (8~9 months age, initial mean body weight of $2.8{\pm}0.3$ kg) were assigned to treatments in replicated $3{\times}3$ Latin square design. Total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, acid hydrolyzed fat, CP and gross energy by dogs fed experimental diets responded quadratically (P<0.01 or <0.05) to BR inclusion levels. Similarly, quadratic responses (P<0.001, P=0.015) were observed for digestible energy and metabolizable energy values, respectively. Wet and dry fecal output also exhibited quadratic responses (P=0.006, P=0.014, respectively) but no differences were observed between control and BR 30% diets. Linear (P=0.008) effect was observed for fecal score in dogs fed BR, and fecal ammonia concentration increased linearly (P=0.001) in response to increasing BR inclusion levels. It seems that the increase in fecal ammonia concentration may be partially related to the decrease tendency (P=0.07) in short-chain fatty acid concentration. In this experiment, inclusion of BR in dog diet did not result in pronounced changes in the digestibility but in fecal score. Although inclusion of BR in diets showed profound positive effect on fecal score, it is confounded by the high inclusion level of poultry offal meal.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.223-245
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the qualification system of competency assessor based NCS(National Skill Standards) in Australia and Scotland. To meet the purpose of the study, the characteristics of competency based assessment and the role of assessor was reviewed, and competency assessor qualification system of both countries were analysed. Australia and Scotland have developed the certification system of competency assessor based on national qualification framework. Education and Training Institutes in both countries should meet the requirement of RTOs(Registered Training Organizations) and CRBs(Credit Rating Body), which can develop and operate assessor qualification course based NQF. Also they must ensure all assessors are qualified with competency, currency and professional development and show how they have maintained, upgraded or developed new skills relevant to the current industry needs. In recent years, Korea has been introduced competency based curriculum linked with NCS in education and training sector. Also the introduction of competency assessor qualification system are currently under consideration by government. In this circumstances, the results of comparative analysis about Australia and Scotland can help the Korean government review the policies and strategies qualifying competency assessor. They also provide some implications for exploring and examining assessor qualification system based NCS and KQF(Korean Qualification Framework) in Korea.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.327-332
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• 2021

Materials used for education include SM20C, Al6061, and acrylic. SM20C materials are used a lot in certification tests and functional competitions as carbon steel, but they are also used in industrial sites. Al6061 is said to be a material that produces a lot of tools because it has lower hardness than carbon steel and is highly flexible. When practical guidance is given to students using acrylic materials, it is a material that causes vibration and tool damage due to excessive cutting. In this process, we examine how impact on the 5-axis equipment 2NC head can affect precision control. The weakest part of a five-axis equipment is the head that controls the AC axis. In the event of precision and cumulative tolerances in this area, the precision of all products is reduced. Thus, a key part of the 2NC head, the spindle housing was carried out using Al7075 T6 (U.S. Alcoasa) material and the entire body using FCD450 (spherical graphite cast iron). In the vibration and cutting process acting on these two materials, the analysis was carried out to determine the value of applying the force as a finite element analysis under extreme conditions. We hope that using these analytical data will help students see and understand the structure of 5-axis machining rather than 5-axis cutting.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.174-187
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• 2021

Cytotechnologists evaluate and analyze disorders of cells that constitute the human body, and are involved in the primary assessment of diverse diseases, including cancer. However, the employment conditions and workload of cytotechnologists are poorly understood. This study was undertaken to provide basic data for establishing the criteria for quality control certification factors based on the scope of effective task performance of cytotechnologists, and to provide results of their workload analysis according to the type of medical institution. The study was conducted by enrolling certified cytotechnologists working at various nationwide medical institutions. Our analysis revealed that 178 personnel (72.7%) were involved in primary screening of samples. On an average, the daily number of primary screening of samples performed per cytotechnologist (76 respondents) was determined to be 75.4 chapters (16.8 chapters/hours) at the university hospital level, 72.4 chapters (18.6 chapters/hours) at the general hospital level, and 231 chapters (32.6 chapters/hours) at professional trust institutions. Our results indicate the necessity to establish a consultant with the Korean Cell Pathology Association, to enable finding solutions to solve existing issues by establishing accurate standard guidelines for assessing cell screening.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.81-103
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• 2022

In this paper, the contents of the design and development process of the 6U micro-satellite Snipe (SNIPE, national name Toyosat; small scale magnetospheric and Ionospheric plasma experiment ), which was developed to observe the near-global space environment through polarization flight for the first time in Korea, were described. Snipe performs transversal flight to observe the Earth's surrounding space environment in three dimensions, and aims to simultaneously observe the space plasma density and temperature in the ionosphere, as well as temporal changes in the solar magnetic field and electromagnetic waves. In this way, it was developed by dividing it into a test certification model (EQM) and a flight model (FM) to perform the actual mission for at least six months, away from developing a cube satellite for short-term space technology verification or manpower training. Currently, Snipe, which has completed the development of a total of four FM and completed all space environment tests, is scheduled to launch 2023. In this paper, we introduce the design contents and development process of the Snipe satellite body ahead of launch, and hope that it will be a useful reference for the development of 6U-class micro-satellite for full-scale mission in Korea.