• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the community health indicators affecting standardized mortality rate of cerebrovascular diseases(CVD) and to identify the relationship between CVD mortality and community health indicators in Gangwon-do. Methods: The community health indicators included material deprivation index, medical resource, rates of road pavement and local tax. CVD mortality and the material deprivation index were calculated in the registered death data and the 2000 census which were obtained from the Korean National Statistics Office. The community health indicators were measured using 2001 statistical year book of Ganwon-do. Data were analyzed by using Excel 2003, SAS 9.1. CVD mortality and material deprivation index were visualized by Arcview 9.1. Results: CVD mortality varied by region and sex in Gangwon-do. The highest CVD mortality in male and female were noted at Goseong-gun, the lowest CVD mortality in male was at Yangyang-gun as it of female at Pyeongchang-gun. In Taebaek city where material deprivation index was also the highest; in Pyeongchang-gun was the lowest. Also the higher material deprivation index in some regions was the higher CVD mortality was. CVD mortality was not related with community health indicators. Conclusions: The results showed the regional difference of mortality of CVD among counties and cities in Gangwon-do. It is recommended that other community health indicators besides material deprivation index, road pavement rate, medical resources and local tax affecting CVD mortality need to be considered to improve the preventive strategies.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.658-667
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in Korean-Western Collaborative Medicine studies by disease group. Methods: Articles published until May 2020 were searched in domestic databases (NDSL, RISS, KISS, DBPIA, and KoreanTK) using the keywords '한양방', '양한방', '협진', '협의진료', '의한의', '의·한의', and '통합의학'. The articles were analyzed according to the publication year, journal type, research methodology, and disease group using the major and intermediate classifications of the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD-7). Results: In total, 112 articles were selected. The most frequent major disease groups were disease codes G, C (D), I, and M, in that order. The medium disease groups numbered 41 and most commonly involved collaborative studies on cerebrovascular diseases. Among the three top KCD-7 major group diseases, publications on Group C (D) were increasing significantly, publications on Group G were slightly increasing, but, publications on Group I decreased in the 2010s compared to the 2000s. Conclusions: In this study, we analyzed the frequent disease groups treated with domestic Korean-Western medicine in collaborative studies using the major and medium classifications of KCD-7. Well-designed clinical trials and economic evaluation research are needed, and this study can provide directions for future collaborative studies using Korean-Western medicine.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2014

Background: Bankrupted households have recently been increased due to excessive medical expenditure in Korea. They have not been protected from economic risk when household's member has severe diseases that need a lot of money for treatment. Purpose of this study examines policy effect by comparing unmet needs' change of policy object households and non-object groups. Methods: We used Korea Health panel 2nd 4th data collected by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and National Health Insurance Service. Analysis subjects were 381 households (pre-policy) and 393 households (post-policy) that had cancer and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Since it was major concern that estimates benefit strengthening policy started by certain time, we setup comparing households which had diabetes, hypertension disease. Comparison subjects were 393,247 households, respectively and we evaluated policy effect using difference in difference (DID) model. Results: Although unmet needs of policy object households were higher than non-object groups, policy execution variable affected negative direction. But interaction-term which shows pure effect of policy was not statistically significant. We utilized multi-DID model to examine factors affecting unmet needs causes. Copayment assistance policy did not significantly affect households that responded to 'economic reason,' and 'no have time to visit' for unmet needs causes. Conclusion: The second copayment assistance policy did not significantly give positive effect to beneficiary households than non-beneficiary groups. When we consider that primary purpose of public insurance guarantee high medical expenditure occurred by unexpected events, it needs to deliberate on switch of benefit strengthening policy that can assist vulnerable people. Also, we suggest that government forward a policy covering non-reimbursable medical expenses as well as switch of benefit strengthening direction because benefit policy do not affect non-covered medical cost which accounts for quarter of total health expenditure.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.313-322
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the incidence and risk factors of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in farmers compared to the general population and to establish 5-year prediction models. Methods: The farmer cohort and the control cohort were generated using the customized database of the National Health Insurance Service of Korea database and the National Sample Cohort, respectively. The participants were followed from the day of the index general health examination until the events of MI, stroke, or death (up to 5 years). Results: In total, 734 744 participants from the farmer cohort and 238 311 from the control cohort aged between 40 and 70 were included. The age-adjusted incidence of MI was 0.766 and 0.585 per 1000 person-years in the farmer and control cohorts, respectively. That of stroke was 0.559 and 0.321 per 1000 person-years in both cohorts, respectively. In farmers, the risk factors for MI included male sex, age, personal history of hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, creatinine, metabolic syndrome components (blood pressure, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Those for stroke included male sex, age, personal history of hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, high γ-glutamyl transferase, and metabolic syndrome components (blood pressure, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The prediction model showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.735 and 0.760 for MI and stroke, respectively, in the farmer cohort. Conclusions: Farmers had a higher age-adjusted incidence of MI and stroke. They also showed distinct patterns in cardiovascular risk factors compared to the general population.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.131-136
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• 2021

Duplex sonography is used widely in various medical fields because of its repeatability and low cost. In particular, the carotid duplex sonography is a useful non-invasive test for diagnosing cerebrovascular disease and predicting the prognosis. In clinical practice, it is very important to reduce the test time and improve accuracy. The patient's clinical information must be known in advance to perform carotid duplex sonography quickly and accurately. Despite this, there are often difficulties finding new cervical vascular diseases that are not mentioned in the clinical information. Therefore, knowing a variety of cases can lead to fast and accurate results. In this context, this paper reports three cases of cervical vascular disease discovered unexpectedly during carotid duplex sonography: CASE 1, internal carotid artery occlusion and cerebral arteries branched from the external carotid artery; CASE 2, internal jugular vein thrombosis; CASE 3, microembolism observed in the vertebral artery.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.sup1
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• pp.70-88
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• 2022

Sodium is a physiologically essential nutrient, but excessive intake is linked to the increased risk of various chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular. It is, therefore, necessary to accomplish an evidence-based approach and establish the Korean Dietary Reference Intakes (KDRIs) index, to identify both the nutritional adequacy and health effects of sodium. This review presents the rationale for and the process of revising the KDRIs for sodium and, more importantly, establishing the sodium Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intake (CDRR) level, which is a new specific set of values for chronic disease risk reduction. To establish the 2020 KDRIs for dietary sodium, the committee conducted a systematic literature review of the intake-response relationships between the selected indicators for sodium levels and human chronic diseases. In this review, 43 studies published from January 2014 to December 2018, using databases of PubMed and Web of Science, were finally included for evaluating the risk of bias and strength of evidence (SoE). We determined that SoE of the relationship between dietary sodium and cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension, was moderate to strong. However, due to insufficient scientific evidence, we were unable to establish the estimated average requirement and the recommended nutrient intake for dietary sodium. Therefore, the adequate intake of sodium for adults was established to be 1,500 mg/day, whereas the CDRR for dietary sodium was established at 2,300 mg/day for adults. Intake goal for dietary sodium established in the 2015 KDRIs instead of the tolerable upper intake level was not presented in the 2020 KDRIs. For the next revision of the KDRIs, there is a requirement to pursue further studies on nutritional adequacy and toxicity of dietary sodium, and their associations with chronic disease endpoint in the Korean population.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.260-265
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• 2010

Background: A composite valve graft replacement has been used for a variety of aortic root diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term results of this technique. Material and Method: We conducted a retrospective analysis of aortic root composite valve graft replacements in 39 patients and these procedures were done at our institution between 1992 and 2009. The mean age of the patients was $49.2{\pm}16.4$ years. The mean follow-up was $64.2{\pm}53.4$ months (maximum: 176 months). Result: There were 4 hospital deaths (8.6%) due to emergency aortic dissection and 4 late deaths owing to several causes. The causes of late death were 2 ruptures of a remnant aneurysm, 1 subdural hemorrhage and 1 paravalvular leakage. The calculated survival rate was 93.5%, 85.0% and 85.0% at 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively. There were 3 cerebrovascular accidents during the follow up period. The rate of freedom from cerebrovascular accidents was 97.0%, 92.0% and 80.0% at 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively. All of these brain accidents were hemorrhage-related complications. Conclusion: A composite valve graft replacement of the aortic root was associated with favorable results. So, this technique seems to be a good method to treat various aortic root diseases.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 1999

The effects of Sosokmyung-tang(小續命湯) on global cerebral ischemia and cerebral in farction by MCA(middle cerebral artery) occlusion were evaluated in this study. This study was performed to investigate that Sosokmyung-tang would be useful for cerebrovascular diseases. In the case of global cerebral ischemia, ICR mice were used and divided into three group at random. Control group was treated after oral administration of normal saline, experimental group was treated after oral administration of 10.4mg/20g/day of Sosokmyung-tang extract. The multiple parameter of global cerebral ischemia included the duration of coma of KCN(potassium cyanide)-injected(1.2mg/kg, i.v) group and the survival time of KCN-injected(3.0mg/kg, i.v) group. In the case of cerebral infarction by MCA occlusion, Sprague-Dawley rats were used and divided into three group at random. Control group was given nothing before MCA occlusion, experimental group was given 157.2mg/250g/day of Sosokrnyung-tang extract before MCA occlusion. We investigated edema and ischemic ratio in 8 slices of rats' brain after MCA occlusion. The results were obtained as follows : 1. Sosokrnyung-tang significantly shortened the duration of coma of KCN-injected(1.2mg/kg,i.v) group and lengthened the survival time of KCN-injected(3.0mg/kg, i.v) group. 2. Sosokmyung-tang significantly decreased cerebral edema and ischemic ratio in rats after MCA occlusion. From the above results, it was concluded that Sosokmyung-tang can be effectively applied to cerebrovascular diseases.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2022

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 1-year administration of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) on the platelet activity in patients with schizophrenia through a retrospective review of the medical records. Methods : The mean platelet component (MPC) value was used as an index of the platelet activity. The included subjects (N=24) were the patients who were confirmed to have taken SGAs continuously for one year after the first MPC measurement had been performed. The change of MPC was verified through a paired sample t-test. Results : The result revealed that the mean MPC value was significantly decreased from 26.5±1.4 g/dL to 25.6±1.8 g/dL after 1-year administration of SGAs from the time of the first MPC measurement. Conclusions : This study suggests that 1-year administration of SGAs may be related with increased platelet activity, and that close monitoring for risks such as cerebrovascular/cardiovascular or thromboembolic diseases may be necessary during SGAs treatment in clinical practice.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.197-203
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• 1988

In order to examine cause-specific mortality in Korea by comparing mortality of Japan, various mortality indicators are calculated using 1995 of ficial statistics of twonations. The mortality measures are cause-specific mortality rate by sex, age, andmarital status, cause-specific age-standardized death rate and potential years of lifelost, and their ratios by sex and nation. Items of major causes of death include allcauses (total deaths),tuberculosis, malignant neoplasm, diabetes mellitushypertensive diseases, heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, liver diseasestransport accidents, and suicide. Major characteristics of mortality in Korea are asfollows . (1) Death rates from most causes except suicide are higher in Korea thanJapan and especially death rates from tuberculosis, hypertensive diseases, liverdiseases, and transport accidents are higher for economically active Koreans : (2)Death rates from tuberculosis, liver diseases, transport accidents, and malignantneoplasm are salient for Korean children (3) Sex-differentials in mortality fromliver diseases, tuberculosis , and transport accidents are large for economically activeKoreans, because male mortality is higher than female mortality : (4) Suicide ratesare lower for economically active males, and higher for females aged 10s and 20s inKorea than Japan : (5) Death rates are highest f3r divorced or widowed under 45years of age depending on causes, but death rates from all causes are highest fornever-married of the age 45 and over in Korea : and (6) Sex-differentials inmortality are greatest for widowed in Korea and for divorced in Japan.