• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1996

The present study was conducted to investigate the role of thyroid hormones in the regulation of gene expression of calbindin-$D_{28k}$ (CaBP-D28K) in the chicken. By employing slot blot and RIA analyses, levels of CABP-D28K mRNA and CaBP-D28K protein in the intestine, kidney, cerebellum and liver were measured 6 and 12 h after i.m. injection of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ [1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$; 250 ng/chick] and 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine ($T_3$; 500 ng/chick) in one-day-old chicks. The abundant messages of CaBP-D28K mRNA were detected in the intestine, kidney and cerebellum while there was little message in the liver. After 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ treatment (6 + 12 hours), levels of CaBP-D28K mRNA increased in the intestine, but there was no change in the mRNA levels in the kidney and cerebellum. Although $T_3$ alone had no effect on CaBP-D28K mRNA levels, simultaneous administration of $T_3$ enhanced the 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ effect of levels of CaBP-D28K mRNA in the intestine both 6 and 12 h post-treatment, and in the kidney 12 h post-treatment. At a protein level, co-treatment with 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ and $T_3$ elicited a significant increase in CaBP-D28K expression in the intestine 12 h post-treatment, as compared to treatment with only 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$, whereas no differences were observed in the CaBP-D28K protein levels in the kidney and cerebellum. These results suggest that thyroid hormones may play a synergistic role with 1, 25 $(OH)_2D_3$ for CaBP-D28K gene expression in the intestine and kidney in chicks.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.14-26
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 SDS/polyacrylamide 젤 전기영동에 의한 쥐의 성장과정에 따른 소뇌의 단백질양상의 변화양상과 immunocytochemistry를 이용하여 c-raf a-raf kinase의 정상 소뇌에서의 분포에 대해 관찰 하였으며 western blot을 이용하여 소뇌의 단백질들에서 c-raf의 존재에 대해 살펴보았다. 단백질 양상에서 쥐의 성장에 따라 crude에선,ㄴ 49,200 dalton과 169,000 dalton 사이의 bands가 양적 증가를 보였으며 cytosolic fraction 에서는 37,800 dalton의 band가 양적 증가를 보이는데 비해 membrane fraction 에서는 260,600 dalton의 band가 증가하였다. 이러한 결과로 성장 발달에 따라 고분자 량의 물질들이 이들 소뇌 부위에서 기여하였을 것으로 추정할 수 있었다. Immunocytochemistry에 의한 분석에서는 c-raf와 a-raf가 소뇌의 피질주위에서 조롱박 세포(Purkinje cell) 의 세포질 특히 핵 주변부위에서 강하게 검출되었으며 a-raf에 비해 c-raf가 더 강하게 나타났었다. 그리고 그 외에 Nucleus embolifornis의 큰 neuronal cell의 세포질 부위의 나타남을 볼 수 있었다. Immunoblot에 의한 분석에서는 crude와 cytosolic fraction에서 raf protein kinase의 존재를 확인할 수 있었으며, 이상의 결과들을 종합해 보았을 때 소뇌의 정상의 많은 신경세포(neuronal cell)에 raf protein kinase가 분포되어 있으며 이들이 정상의 cell에서 기능을 가질 것으로 추정된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2005

In order to study about the lobule and layer formation and cell migration of the mouse cerebellum from at the birth to 15th day effected by 2.5, 5 and 10 Gy r-raddiation at the 19th pregnancy. The routine tissue preparation and staining procedure, Immunohistochemical staining method by the several antibody and western brotting method were utilized from the birth to the15th day. The results were as followings. 1. The body and cerebellum weights were more slowly increase of the the 2.5 Gy, 5 Gy and 10 Gy irradiation group compare to the control group, and the health condition of the 2.5 Gy group was a little bad. but the 10 Gy group was more severe and begun to die from the 12th day after birth. 2. The thickness, proliferation and migration of the 2.5, 5 and 10 Gy irradiated external granular cells from the maginal zone to the medullary area forming the molecular layer from the 6th day to the 15th day after birth were thinner, weaker and more slower according to the radiated dosages than the control group in the cresyl violet staining. 3. The proliteration, migration and lobulation of the 5 Gy radiated groups from the first day to the 15th day after birth were more weak, incomplete and irregular shape in the immunostaining with Dab, Cdk5, P35, calbindin and Zebrin antibody. 4. In the western blotting analysis using the Reelin, Dab, Cdk5 and P35 antibody. The Bands were in the 60 KD, 80 KD, 33 KD and 35 KD, and there were no differences between the control and irradiated groups in the molecular band except the Reelin. 5. As a results, the proliferation and migration of the outer granular and purkinje cells, and lobulation of the cerebellum by the several dosaege of the ${\gamma}$-ray radiation were proportionally incomplete according to dosage.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2008

본 연구는 in vivo 보다 더욱 정확하게 뇌 대사물질을 정량 분석하고자 고자장 NMR 장비 (500MHz; 11.74T)를 이용하여 동물의 뇌를 in vitro 환경에서 조사 및 분석하였다. 일반적으로 in vivo 실험은 생체 내부의 혈류나 조직의 비균질성으로 인한 자기공명분광법의 shimming에 악영향을 미치기 때문에 부정확한 결과를 산출할 수 있다. 그러나, in vitro 실험은 이에 비하여 균질한 샘플을 사용하고 보다 고자장에서 실험환경을 조성할 수 있기 때문에 더욱 정확한 대사물질의 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 개 (canine)의 소뇌 (cerebellum)조직으로부터 대사물질을 추출하고 고자장 핵자기공명분광법으로 대사물질의 절대농도를 획득 하고자 하였다. 생체 대사물질의 절대농도를 획득하기 위하여 대표적인 대사물질(i.e., NAA, Cr, Cho, Ins, Lac, GABA, Glu, Gln, Tau Ala)의 팬톰을 제작하여 그 스펙트럼을 확보하였고, 개의 소뇌 부위를 적출하여 methanol-chloroform water extraction (M/C water extraction) 방법으로 대사물질만을 추출한 후 자기공명분광법을 수행하였다. 필터링 (filtering)의 효과를 평가하기 위하여 샘플 제작 시 추출물을 필터링한 그룹과 필터링하지 않은 그룹으로 분류하여 실험을 수행하였다. 팬텀 물질과 추출물은 90% D2O 수용액으로 만든 후 5mm NMR 튜브에 담아 실험하였다. 실험 결과 조직 추출물을 필터링하는 것이 신호대잡음비(signal to noise ratio: SNR, S/N)를 향상시키는 데 기여하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 개의 소뇌 대사물질의 절대농도는 사람보다는 쥐 (rat)의 뇌 대사물질 절대농도와 더 비슷한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 고자장 핵자기공명분광법을 이용한 in vitro 실험은 뇌조직 내 대사물질의 절대농도를 측정하고 기본적인 지표를 확보하는데 매우 정확하고 정량적인 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2000년도 NEW STRATEGY FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN POST-GENOMIC ERA(대한약학회)
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• pp.177.1-177.1
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• 2000

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.621-625
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• 2004

Bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis, popularly referred to as Fahr's disease, is a disorder radiologically characterized by bilateral calcifications of the basal ganglia, thalami, dentate nuclei of the cerebellum, and the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere without serum calcium-phosphorus metabolism and related endocrinologic abnormalities. Intracranial calcifications are easily visible as high-density on CT. On magnetic resonance images, the calcifications exhibit different signal intensities. The differences in signal intensity are thought to be related to the stage of the disease, differences in calcium metabolism, and the volume of the calcium deposit. Based on literature review, I report the case of a 63 year man with bilateral symmetrical calcification in the basal ganglia, dentate nuclei of the cerebellum, and the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere who present a 5 year history of progressive dysarthria associated with left thalamic infarction.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.37-38
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• 2008

The concept of Chiari malformations emerged toward the end of $19^{th}$ century from Chiari's initial descriptions of "alterations in the cerebellum resulting from cerebral hydrocephalus." In 1891, Hans Chiari(1851-1916) suggested cerebellar ectopia in which he classified Type I as "elongation of the tonsils and medial parts of the inferior lobes of the cerebellum into cone-shaped projections, which accompany the medulla oblongata into the spinal canal. The incidence of Chiari malformation has been found to be between 0.56% and 0.77% on MR imaging studies, as well as 0.62% in brain dissection studies. the definition of the adult Chiari malformation has varied with the evolution of neurodiagnositic capabilities and knowledge of physiopathology. This disorder can be associated with significant symptomatology, risk of secondary injury due to trauma, and the risk of progression and damage of the spinal cord due to associated Syringomyelia. Syringomyelia is found in 50 to 70% of Chiari I malformation. It is the clinical judgment of the physicians evaluating this disorder that is of the importance to avoid the therapeutic extremes of pursuing unnecessary surgery or withholding necessary treatment from patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.155-158
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• 2008

A 64-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a one-month history of progressive headache. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a hemorrhagic mass adjacent to the left inferior cerebellar hemisphere associated with a peripheral rim of signal void. Angiography demonstrated an avascular mass and the provisional diagnosis was a large cavernous angioma in the cerebellum. Intraoperative findings revealed a thrombosed giant aneurysm of the left distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). We report an unusual case of a completely thrombosed giant aneurysm simulating a large cavernous angioma in the cerebellum. The cerebellar cisternal location of the mass may be a clue for the pre-operative diagnosis of an aneurysm.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.53-55
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• 2007

Gangliogliomas could be found anywhere throughout the central nervous system and mainly affect children and young adults during the first three decades of life. Cerebellar gangliogliomas may be rarely found, especially in old ages. Here, we present a case of ganglioglioma of the cerebellum in an old patient. The cystic cerebellar mass was associated with calcifications, intratumoral hemorrhage without ng edema. When a cystic cerebellar mass is associated with calcifications and intratumoral hemorrhage, ganglioglioma should be included in differential diagnosis. Gangliogliomas usually have good prognoses. Radiation therapy should be deferred even in subtotally removed cases.

• 약학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.334-342
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• 1986

The relationship between the maintenance of hypertension and the central noradrenergic nervous system activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was studied. The norepinephrine turnover rates in 5 brain areas; telencephalon, hypothalamus/thalamus, midbrain, pons/medulla, cerebellum as a measure of noradrenergic neuronal activity were measured at the ages of 14 weeks in SHR and normotensive Wistar rats. In 14-week old SHR, blood pressure was significantly higher than in normotensive rat, and central norepinephrine turnover rates were significantly greater in telencephalon, hypothalamus/thalamus, midbrain. There were no differences between norepinephrine turnover rates in pons/medulla, cerebellum of SHR and those of normotensive rats.