• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.821-825
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• 2012

Purpose: Centromere protein H (CENP-H) and Ki67 are overexpressed in some malignancies, but whether they are predictors of survival after primary resection for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) remains unknown. Methods: We assessed immunohistochemical expression of CENP-H and Ki67 in 112 HSCC specimens collected between March 2003 and March 2005 for analysis by clinical characteristics. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze relapse-free survival and logistic multivariate regression to determine risk factors of relapse-free survival. Cholecystokinin octapeptide assays and flow cytometry were used to examine cell proliferation and apoptosis after siRNA inhibition of CENP-H in HSCC cells. Results: Overall, 50 (44.6%) HSCC specimens showed upregulated CENP-H expression and 69 (61.6%) upregulated Ki67. An increased CENP-H protein level was associated with advanced cancer stage and alcohol history (P=0.012 and P=0.048, respectively) but an increased Ki67 protein level only with advanced cancer stage (P=0.021). Increased CENP-H or Ki67 were associated with short relapse-free survival (P<0.001 or P=0.009, respectively) and were independent predictors of relapse-free survival (P=0.001 and P=0.018, respectively). siRNA knockdown of CENP-H mRNA inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cancer cell apoptosis in vitro. Conclusions: Upregulated CENP-H and Ki67 levels are significantly associated with short relapse-free survival in HSCC. These factors may be predictors of a relapsing phenotype in HSSC cases.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.481-488
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• 2022

Background: Although the tumor-suppressive effects of ginsenosides in cell cycle have been well established, their pharmacological properties in mitosis have not been clarified yet. The chromosomal instability resulting from dysregulated mitotic processes is usually increased in cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on mitotic progression in cancer. Materials and methods: Cancer cells were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 and their morphology and intensity of different protein were analyzed using immunofluorescence microscopy. The level of proteins in chromosomes was compared through chromosomal fractionation and Western blot analyses. The location and intensity of proteins in the chromosome were confirmed through immunostaining of mitotic chromosome after spreading. The colony formation assays were conducted using various cancer cell lines. Results: Ginsenoside Rg1 reduced cancer cell proliferation in some cancers through inducing mitotic arrest. Mechanistically, it inhibits the phosphorylation of histone H3 Thr3 (H3T3ph) mediated by Haspin kinase and concomitant recruitment of chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) to the centromere. Depletion of Aurora B at the centromere led to abnormal centromere integrity and spindle dynamics, thereby causing mitotic defects, such as increase in the width of the metaphase plate and spindle instability, resulting in delayed mitotic progression and cancer cell proliferation. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg1 reduces the level of Aurora B at the centromere via perturbing Haspin kinase activity and concurrent H3T3ph. Therefore, ginsenoside Rg1 suppresses cancer cell proliferation through impeding mitotic processes, such as chromosome alignment and spindle dynamics, upon depletion of Aurora B from the centromere.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.912-918
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• 2003

Mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), which is a novel kinesin with a central motor domain, is believed to playa role in mitotic segregation of chromosome during the M phase of the cell cycle. In the present study, it is shown that a rabbit polyclonal antibody has been produced using the N-terminal region (187 aa) of human MCAK expressed in E. coli as the antigen. To express the N-terminal region in E. coli, the MCAK cDNA fragment encoding N-terminal 187 aa was obtained by PCR and was then inserted into the pET 3d expression vector. Molecular mass of the N-terminal region overexpressed in the presence of IPTG was 23.2 kDa on SDS-PAGE, and the protein was insoluble and mainly localized in the inclusion body that could be easily purified from the other cellular proteins. The N-terminal region was purified by electro-elution from the gel after the inclusion body was resolved on the SDS-PAGE. The antiserum obtained after tertiary immunization with the purified protein specifically recognized HsMCAK when subjected to Western blot analysis, and showed a fluctuation of the protein level during the cell cycle of human Jurkat T cells. Synchronization of the cell-cycle progression required for recovery of cells at a specific stage of the cell cycle was performed by either hydroxyurea or nocadazole, and subsequent release from each blocking at 2, 4, and 7 h. Northern and Western analyses revealed that both mRNA and protein of HsMCAK reached a maximum level in the S phase and declined to a basal level in the G1 phase. These results indicate that a polyclonal antibody raised against the N-terminal region (187 aa) of HsMCAK, overexpressed in E. coli, specifically detects HsMCAK (81 kDa), and it can analyze the differential expression of HsMCAK protein during the cell cycle.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2005

인체 MCAK 단백질을 Escherichia. coli에서 재조합 단백질로 발현하였다. 이를 SDS-PAGE 후 electroelution으로 정제하고 항원으로 사용하여 rat에서 다클론성 항체생성을 유도한 결과, 생성된 항체는 Western blot analysis에 의해 인체 MCAK 단백질 (81 kDa)을 특이적으로 인식할 수 있었으며, Jurkat T cells과 293T cells에 있어서 MCAK 단백질의 대부분이 핵 내에 위치함을 확인할 수 있었다. 세포주기에 따른 MCAK 단백질의 발현양의 변화를 조사하기 위해, Jurkat T cells을 Hydroxy urea 또는 Nocodazole의 처리로 $G_{1}/S$ boundary 그리고 $G_{2}/M$ boundary에 blocking하고 이로부터 release 시키는 시간을 달리하여 다양한 세포주기상에 위치한 Jurkat T cells을 확보하였다. 각각의 Jurkat T cells로부터 cell lysate를 얻어서 Western blot analysis를 시도한 결과, MCAK 발현양은 S phase에서 가장 높았으며 MCAK의 SDS-PAGE상의 mobility가 81 kDa에서 84 kDa로 shift됨을 확인하였다. MCAK의 전기영동상의 mobility shift에 의한 slow moving $p84^{HsMCAK}$는 S phase 후반부터 나타나기 시작하며 $G_{2}/M$ phase에 최대였고 $G_{1}$, phase에서는 확인되지 않았다. 이는 세포주기에 따라 MCAK의 단백질의 인산화 양상이 달라짐을 시사한다. 생성된 항체를 이용한 Immunocytochemical analysis의 결과, 인체 MCAK 단백질은 세포주기의 interphase에서는 주로 중심체와 핵에 존재하며, M phase의 각 단계에 따라서 spindle pole, centromere, spindle fiber 또는 midbody에 존재함을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 E. coli에서 발현된 재조합 HsMCAK 단백질을 항원으로 하여 rat에서 생산한 다클론성 항체가 HsMCAK 단백질을 특이적으로 인식할 수 있음과 또한 HsMCAK 단백질의 인산화를 나타내는 SDS-PAGE상의 mobility-shift가 $G_{2}/M$ phase에 최대에 도달하는 양상으로 세포주기에 따라 변동됨을 나타내며, HsMCAK의 인산화와 HsMCAK의 세포 내 위치간의 관련성을 시사한다. 아울러 이러한 연구결과는 hamster 및 Xenopus 등에서 주로 연구되고 있는 MCAK의 세포주기상의 주요기능이 인체세포에도 적용될 수 있음을 시사한다.