• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.46-55
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• 2006

(주)지노믹트리는 DNA 마이크로어레이 기술을 기반으로 하는 분자진단회사로서, 다음의 세가지 사업에 전력하고 있다. 첫째는 독창적이며 특화된 바이오마커 발굴기술 (MAGIC system)을 바탕으로 각종 암진단을 위한 바이오마커 개발연구 두 번째는 당사의 원천 기술인 다중동시검출 시스템을 이용한 질병 진단 시스템 및 증폭시스템 세 번째는 마이크로어레이 기술을 이용한 유전자 발현 분석, Array CGH, DNA 메틸레이션 분석 그리고 miRNA 검출 등의 지노믹스시대의 연구를 위한 토탈솔루션을 제공하고 있다. 지난 5년간의 마이크로어레이 기반기술을 이용한 자체연구 활동을 수행하면서 축적된 마이크로어레이 관련기술 노-하우들을 국내 마이크로어레이 연구자들에게 공급하기 위하여 노력하고 있다. 특히 당사의 지노믹서비스 부문은 유전자 발현 분석 솔루션 제공을 위해서 자체적으로 제작하여 공급하고 있는 human cDNA(17K/25K) 및 rat cDNA (5.0K) 마이크로어레이, Human (22K) 및 mouse (10K) 올리고뉴클레오타이드 마이크로 어레이 그리고 미생물 연구를 위한 대장균 (6K) 및 폐렴균 (2.2K) 올리고뉴클레오타이드 마이크로어레이 제공 및 이를 이용한 유전자 발현 분석 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 체적으로 제작되는 마이크로어레이 서비스는 2001년 도입한 ISO9001 품질인증시스템의 기반하에서 제작부터 생산까지의 엄격한 품질관리 과정을 거쳐서 고품질의 마이크로어레이를 이용한 분석서비스를 제공 하고 있다. 또한 고객요구형 서비스를 위하여 국외 유수의 마이크로어레이 회사 (Agilent, Microarray Inc, TIGR, Eurogentec 등)의 whole genome 기반의 마이크로어레이 제품을 이용한 분석서비스를 제공하고 있으며 마이크로어레이 실험을 위해서 필수적으로 이용되고 있는 시약 (labeling kit), 마이크로어레이 hybridization을 위한 hardware (hybridization chamber, hnay centrifuge)등을 자체적으로 개발하여 공급하고 있다. DNA copy number 측정을 위한 Array CGH 분석을 위해서는 자체적으로 제작공구하고 있는 human cDNA 마이크로어레이 (17K/25K) 그기고 rat (5.0K) 마이크로어레이를 이용한 분석서비스 및 whole genome 기반의 Agilent 올리고뉴클레오타이드 CGH 어레이 (44K, 35Kb resolution)를 이용한 분석서비스를 제공하고 있다. Epigenetic study를 하는 연구자들을 위한 메틸레이션 마이크로어레이 분석 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 기존분석법인 Bisulfite 처리기반의 분석이 아닌 enzyme digestion후 PCR 증폭방법을 이용한 분석방법을 이용함으로써, bisulfite 처리에 의한 DNA 손실문제를 최소화 하였다. 현재 50개의 문헌을 통해 잘 보고된 메틸레이션 유전자들에 대한 분석서비스를 제공하고 있으며, 지속적으로 표적컨텐츠의 숫자를 증가시킬 예정이다. 최근 많은 연구자들의 관심을 끌고 있는 micro RNA 검출을 위한 DNA 마이크로어레이 서비스를 제공할 예정이다 (2006년 3월 출시). 현재 까지 알려진 약 320개의 모든 miRNA를 탑재하고 있는 소형 DNA 마이크로어레이를 이용한 분석서비스로서 1장의 마이크로어레이 실험을 통하여 알려진 모든 miRNA의 비교분석이 가능하다. 마이크로어레이 실험 뿐만 아니라 data 분석을 위한 software도 상당히 중요한 비중을 차지하고 있다 이를 위하여 (주)지노믹트리는 Agilent에서 개발한 GeneSpring GX (유전자 발현 분석), Signet (마이크로어레이 database) 및 GeneSpring GT (SNP 분석)를 공급하고 있다. 통계적인 기반 지식의 없은 일반 user들을 위한 간편하면서도 종합적인 기능을 포함하고 있는 우수한 프로그램으로 이미 국제적으로 많은 인정을 받고 있다. (주)지노믹트리는 국내외 많은 연구자들의 경제적, 시간적 연구여건을 고려한 마이크로어레이 토탈솔루션을 제공하고 있으며, 실험 분석에서 data 마이닝 그리고 마이크로어레이 실험 디자인에 이르는 토탈솔루션을 제공하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

Generally, a modified version of limit equilibrium method can be used to evaluate a slope stability of the geosynthetic reinforced soil slopes. In most cases, resisting effects of geosynthetic reinforcement are dealt with considering an increased shear strength on the potential slip surface. However, it is not clear that the methods satisfy all three equilibrium equations. As we know, the pattern of normal stress distribution along the slip surface is the key factor in calculating the safety factor of slopes. In this study, the new slope stability analysis method in which not only reinforcing effects of geosynthetics can be considered but also all three equilibrium equations can be satisfied was proposed with assuming the normal stress distribution along the slip surface as quadratic curve with horizontal $\chi-coordinate$. A number of illustrative examples, including published slope stability analysis examples for the reinforced and unreinforced soil slopes, loading test of large scale reinforced earth wall and centrifuge model tests on the geotextile reinforced soil slopes, were analyzed. As a result, it is shown that the newly suggested method yields a relatively accurate factor of safety for the reinforced and unreinforced soil slopes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1978

It is well known that water holding capacity plays an important role in processing such meat products as frankfurter-type sausage and fish meat paste products as kamaboko and fish sausage. Consumer qualities of meat products, such as appearance, flavor, as well as drip and shrinkage on cooking, depend greatly on the degree of water binding. In this paper, the water holding capacities of fish paste and salt added paste of white corvenia, Argyrosomus argentatus and file fish, Novodon modestus were measured by centrifuging and press method before and after cooking. And the effects of the addition of phosphates and starch to enhance water binding and stabilize gel formation were also discussed. In addition, the experimental conditions which are suitable to determine the water binding of fish meat paste product were suggested. The results were expressed in percent of water absorbed by the filter paper when pressed or released by pressor or centrifuge to the weight of sample. From the results. a proper condition to measure the water holding capacity of fish meat paste was that 3.0 g of sample which was previously added with 10 percent water was centrifuged at 13,400 G or 12,000 rpm for 15 minutes for the centriguging method and for press method, 0.3 g sample with 10 percent of water added was extracted by an oil pressor at $30\;kg/cm^2$ for 1 minute. Water holding capacity of fresh paste of white corvenia was relatively higher than that of file fish and the difference between species of fish was greater than the difference between measurments by two methods. Sodium chloride had a great effect on enhancing the water holding capacity of fish meat paste giving better effect when 3.0 percent of salt was added. Phosphates used except calcium phosphate revealed a certain enhancement in water binding, yielding best effect at 0.3 percent addition, and metaphosphate seemed to be more effective in order. The addition of corn starch, however, appeared to be not so effective for enhancement of water binding in fresh-salt-added fish meat paste but in cooked fish paste which might be attributed to absorption of water by starch grain and swelling during the heating and consequently enforced gel strength of cooked fish paste. And the water holding capacity of cooked fish paste was proportionally related to its gel strength.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.286-290
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• 2008

Many important traits have been tagged allowing plant breeders to apply marker assisted selection (MAS) in rice. PCR itself is simple to set up, and requires little hands-on time. However, a crucial limiting step of MAS programs is the reliable and efficient extraction of DNA which can be performed on thousands of individuals. In this study, We describe a modification of the DNA extraction method, in which cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is used to extract DNA from leaf tissues for suitable MAS in rice. We followed the standard 2% CTAB extraction method in all the procedure. In addition we used the 1.2 ml 8-strip tube instead of 1.5 ml E-tubes to fit the 8-multichannel pipette and employ the 96 well plate to use the swing bucket centrifuge. Our modified CTAB DNA extraction method offers several advantages with respect to traditional and simple methods. 1) adult leaf samples collected in paddy field are applicable. 2) 96 leaf samples can be homogenized only one-time by using tungsten carbonate bead and 96well block. 3) semiautomatic loading method using 8-multichannel pipette from DNA extraction to electrophoresis of PCR products. 4) our system can extract about 400 leaf samples per day by only one technicion. Therefore, this method could be useful for marker assisted breeding in rice.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.27-38
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• 2009

In this study, a series of 1 g shaking table model pile tests were carried out in saturated dense and loose sand to evaluate dynamic p-y curves for various conditions of flexural stiffness of a pile shaft, acceleration frequency and acceleration amplitude for input loads. Dynamic p-y backbone curve which can be applied to pseudo static analysis for saturated dense sand was proposed as a hyperbolic function by connecting the peak points of the experimental p-y curves, which corresponded to maximum soil resistances. In order to represent the backbone curve numerically, empirical equations were developed for the initial stiffness ($k_{ini}$) and the ultimate capacity ($p_u$) of soils as a function of a friction angle and a confining stress. The applicability of a p-y backbone curve was evaluated based on the centrifuge test results of other researchers cited in literature, and this suggested backbone curve was also compared with the currently available p-y curves. And also, the scaling factor ($S_F$) to account for the degradation of soil resistance according to the excess pore pressure was developed from the results of saturated loose sand.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.2-4
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• 1998

Proliferation of Nocardia amarae cells in activated sludge has often been associated with the generation of nuisance foams. Despite intense research activities in recent years to examine the causes and control of Nocardia foaming in activated sludge, the foaming continued to persist throughout the activated sludge treatment plants in United States. In addition to causing various operational problems to treatment processes, the presence of Nocardia may have secondary effects on the fate of heavy metals that are not well known. For example, for treatment plants facing more stringent metal removal requirements, potential metal removal by Nocardia cells in foaming activated sludge would be a welcome secondary effect. In contrast, with new viosolid disposal regulations in place (Code o( Federal Regulation No. 503), higher concentration of metals in biosolids from foaming activated sludge could create management problems. The goal of this research was to investigate the metal sorption property of Nocardia amarae cells grown in batch reactors and in chemostat reactors. Specific surface area and metal sorption characteristics of N. amarae cells harvested at various growth stages were compared. Three metals examined in this study were copper, cadmium and nickel. Nocardia amarae strain (SRWTP isolate) used in this study was obtained from the University of California at Berkeley. The pure culture was grown in 4L batch reactor containing mineral salt medium with sodium acetate as the sole carbon source. In order to quantify the sorption of heavy metal ions to N amarae cell surfaces, cells from the batch reactor were harvested, washed, and suspended in 30mL centrifuge tubes. Metal sorption studies were conducted at pH 7.0 and ionlc strength of 10-2M. The sorption Isotherm showed that the cells harvested from the stationary and endogenous growth phase exhibited significantly higher metal sorption capacity than the cells from the exponential phase. The sequence of preferential uptake of metals by N. amarae cells was Cu>Cd>Ni. The specific surFace area of Nocardia cells was determined by a dye adsorption method. N.amarae cells growing at ewponential phase had significantly less specific surface area than that of stationary phase, indicating that the lower metal sorption capacity of Nocardia cells growing at exponential phase may be due to the lower specific surface area. The growth conditions of Nocardia cells in continuous culture affect their cell surface properties, thereby governing the adsorption capacity of heavy metal. The comparison of dye sorption isotherms for Nocardia cells growing at various growth rates revealed that the cell surface area increased with increasing sludge age, indicating that the cell surface area is highly dependent on the steady-state growth rate. The highest specific surface area of 199m21g was obtained from N.amarae cell harvested at 0.33 day-1 of growth rate. This result suggests that growth condition not only alters the structure of Nocardia cell wall but also affects the surface area, thus yielding more binding sites of metal removal. After reaching the steady-state condition at dilution rate, metal adsorption isotherms were used to determine the equilibrium distributions of metals between aqueous and Nocardia cell surfaces. The metal sorption capacity of Nocardia biomass harvested from 0.33 day-1 of growth rate was significantly higher than that of cells harvested from 0.5- and 1-day-1 operation, indicatng that N.amarae cells with a lower growth rate have higher sorpion capacity. This result was in close agreement with the trend observed from the batch study. To evaluate the effect of Nocardia cells on the metal binding capacity of activated sludge, specific surface area and metal sorption capacity of the mixture of Nocardia pure cultures and activated sludge biomass were determined by a series of batch experiments. The higher levels of Nocardia cells in the Nocardia-activated sludge samples resulted in the higher specific surface area, explaining the higher metal sorption sites by the mixed luquor samples containing greater amounts on Nocardia cells. The effect of Nocardia cells on the metal sorption capacity of activated sludge was evaluated by spiking an activated sludge sample with various amounts of pre culture Nocardia cells. The results of the Langmuir isotherm model fitted to the metal sorption by various mixtures of Nocardia and activated sludge indicated that the mixture containing higher Nocardia levels had higher metal adsorption capacity than the mixture containing lower Nocardia levels. At Nocardia levels above 100mg/g VSS, the metal sorption capacity of activate sludge increased proportionally with the amount of Noeardia cells present in the mixed liquor, indicating that the presence of Nocardia may increase the viosorption capacity of activated sludge.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2014

North Korea's uranium enrichment facility is a matter of international concern. It is of particular alarming to South Korea with regard to the security and safety of the country. This situation requires continuous monitoring of the DPRK and emergency preparedness on the part of the ROK. To assess the detectability of an undeclared uranium enrichment plant in North Korea, uranium concentrations in the air at both a short and a long distance from the enrichment facility were estimated. $UF_6$ source terms were determined by using existing information on North Korean facility and data from the operation experience of enrichment plants from other countries. Using the calculated source terms, two atmospheric dispersion models (Gaussian Plume Model and HYSPLIT models) and meteorological data were used to estimate the uranium particle concentrations from the Yongbyon enrichment facility. A maximum uranium concentration and its location are dependent upon the meteorological conditions and the height of the UF6 release point. This study showed that the maximum uranium concentration around the enrichment facility was about $1.0{\times}10^{-7}g{\cdot}m^{-3}$. The location of the maximum concentration was within about 0.4 km of the facility. It has been assumed that the uranium sample of about a few micrograms (${\mu}g$) could be obtained; and that few micrograms of uranium can be easily measured with current measurement instruments. On the contrary, a uranium concentration at a distance of more than 100 kilometers from the enrichment facility was estimated to be about $1.0{\times}10^{-13}{\sim}1.0{\times}10^{-15}g{\cdot}m^{-3}$, which is less than back-ground level. Therefore, based on the results of our paper, an air sample taken within the vicinity of the Yongbyon enrichment facility could be used to determine as to whether or not North Korea is carrying out an undeclared nuclear program. However, the air samples taken at a longer distance of a few hundred kilometers would prove difficult in detecting a clandestine nuclear activities.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2005

Objectives: To find out the effects GGTl, an antiobestic drug widely used in clinics, has on the blood-antiobestic index and the toxicity index using the data from the hGHTg obese male rats. We looked closely into both of the two indices because GGTl antiobestic effect can happen not only by pharmacological action, but also by its toxicity. Also, we verified the difference in effect between GGTl and reductil (sibutramine), which has been approved by the FDA of the United States. Methods: After performing the experiments for 8 weeks on the hGHTg obese male rats divided into three groups: the control group, the GGTl group, and the reductil (RD) group, we anesthetized the rats with Diethyl ether and took a 3ml blood sample from the heart. Then, after coagulating the blood in room temperature by using the plasma separator, we centrifuged it for 25 minutes in 3,000rpm using the high-speed refrigerated centrifuge. We kept the separated plasma in a deep freezer at $-80^{\circ}C$, and repeatedly measured the antiobestic index and the toxicity index twice using the hematology biochemistry analyzer. Also, in order to judge the indirect toxicity index, we separated liver from kidney and observed them. Results: When we looked at the results of the analysis of covariance on the measuring elements related to the antiobestic index (TC, HDL, LDL, TG, and GLU), there was no significant difference among the groups in all measuring elements. Also, the results of the analysis of covariance on the two roups (RD group and GGTl group) showed that the p-values had no significant difference under the level of significance 0.05. When we looked at the result of the analysis of covariance on the measuring elements related to the toxicity index (GOT, GPT, GGT, CREA, UA, ALB, and TP), we could see that the p-values in GPT, ALB, and TP have a significant difference among the groups. Also, the results of the analysis of covariance about the measuring elements related to the toxicity index on both groups, RD group and GGTl group, showed no significant difference in the p-values of all of the measuring elements in the two groups, RD and GGTl group. Conclusions: In conclusion, through this experiment, the safety of GGTl has been approved, and although the verification on its medical effect has not been clearly approved, when we consider the fact that it belongs to the same group as reductil, an antiobestic drug approved by the FDA of the United States, we could indirectly verify that GGTl has an antiobestic effect. We believe that when doing a sample design for a future experiment, it needs to be performed on a greater sample size based on the power analysis that needs to be performed primarily in experiments, and a more accurate verification is needed through more systematic experiment plans.