• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.259-271
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• 2019

It is important to obtain reasonable predictions of the extent of the damage during maritime accidents such as ship collisions and groundings. Many fracture models based on different mechanical backgrounds have been proposed and can be used to estimate the extent of damage involving ductile fracture. The goal of this study was to compare the damage extents provided by some selected fracture models. Instead of performing a new series of material constant calibration tests, the fracture test results for the ship building steel EH36 obtained by Park et al. (2019) were used which included specimens with different geometries such as central hole, pure shear, and notched tensile specimens. The test results were compared with seven ductile fracture surfaces: Johnson-Cook, Cockcroft-Latham-Oh, Bai-Wierzbicki, Modified Mohr-Coulomb, Lou-Huh, Maximum shear stress, and Hosford-Coulomb. The linear damage accumulation law was applied to consider the effect of the loading path on each fracture surface. The Swift-Voce combined constitutive model was used to accurately define the flow stress in a large strain region. The reliability of these simulations was verified by the good agreement between the axial tension force elongation relations captured from the tests and simulations without fracture assignment. The material constants corresponding to each fracture surface were calibrated using an optimization technique with the minimized object function of the residual sum of errors between the simulated and predicted stress triaxiality and load angle parameter values to fracture initiation. The reliabilities of the calibrated material constants of B-W, MMC, L-H, and HC were the best, whereas there was a high residual sum of errors in the case of the MMS, C-L-O, and J-C models. The most accurate fracture predictions for the fracture specimens were made by the B-W, MMC, L-H, and HC models.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2019

Concrete-to-concrete bedding planes (CCBP) are observed from time to time due to the multistep hardening process of the concrete materials. In this paper, a series of direct/cyclic shear tests are performed on CCBP under static and dynamic normal load conditions to study the frictional behavior effect by the shear velocities, normal impact frequencies, horizontal shear frequencies, normal impact force amplitudes, horizontal shear displacement amplitudes and normal load levels. According to the experimental results, apparent friction coefficient k ($k=F_{Shear}/F_{Normal}$) shows different patterns under static and dynamic load conditions at the stable shear stage. k is nearly constant in direct shear tests under constant normal load conditions (DCNL), while it is cyclically changing with nearly constant peak value and valley value for the direct shear tests under dynamic normal load conditions (DDNL), where k increases with decreasing normal force and decreases with increasing normal force. Shear velocity has little influence on peak values of k for the DCNL tests, but increasing shear velocity leads to increasing valley values of k for DDNL tests. It is also found that, the valley values of k ascend with decreasing impact normal force amplitude in DDNL tests. The changing pattern of k for the cyclic shear tests under constant and dynamic normal load conditions (CCNL and CDNL tests) are similar, but the peak value of k is smaller in CDNL tests than that in CCNL tests. Normal load levels, shear displacement amplitudes, vertical impact frequencies, horizontal shear frequencies and normal impact force amplitudes have little influence on the changing pattern of k for the cyclic shear tests. The tests of this study provide useful data in understanding the frictional behavior of the CCBP under distinct loadings, and these findings are very important for analyzing the stability of the jointed geotechnical structures under complicated in situ stress conditions.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review clinical studies of facial palsy sequelae treatment Methods : We used search engines such as PUBMED, OASIS, RISS. We limited sequelae as the cases after three months from the onset. We excluded the studies including operational treatments. We considered papers pubulished only after year 2000. Results : The kinds of treatments were acupunture treatment, physical therapy, Botulinum toxin, and steroids and antiviral agent. Four studies about acupuncture treatment were searched. Two were case studies and the other two were case series studies. Six studies about physical therapy were searched and they were devided into three according to their specific methods - neuromuscular training and biofeedback, electrical stimulation, and facial exercises. We reviewed three studies about Botulinum toxin and 3 studies about combined therapy. Conclusions : Evidence level of the acupuncture studies was not high. Neuromuscular retraining and biofeedback therapies were shown to be effective especially to synkinesis. Mime therapy, one of the facial exercise has significant effect. Electrical stimulation is thought to activate the plasticity of central nerve system. Botulimum Toxin has effective temporary treatment. Steroid therapy increases recovery rate and reduces sequelae.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.670-675
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• 2022

4차 산업혁명의 시대는 모든 것이 데이터 중심이다. 데이터의 종류와 양이 중심이 될 수도 있고, 특수한 상황에서 요구하는 새로운 데이터가 필요할 때도 있다. 3D프린터가 다양한 분야에 활용되면서 새롭게 도전을 받는 분야들이 있다. 특히 의료 관련 분야에서 그동안 생각도 하지 못했던 새로운 시도가 일어나고 있다. 본 논문에서는 인체 데이터 중에도 인체 물성이 요구되는 분야에 연구를 가능하게 하기 위한 연구이다. 그동안 인체 장기를 활용한 연구에서는 주로 실리콘 소재로 만들어진 데이터를 활용하였다. 시신으로부터 인체 물성을 측정하고, 이 물성을 반영한 신소재를 개발하고, 3D프린터로 인공 장기를 개발한다. 이렇게 만들어진 인공장기를 활용하여 신장결석 제거용 로봇으로 수술하는 연습을 할 수 있도록 한다. 본 논문에서는 사람의 실제 장기와 유사한 첨단 소재를 개발하기 위한 일련의 연구 과정을 소개하고자 한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2022

Management of traumatic skull base fractures and associated complications pose a unique reconstructive challenge. The goals of skull base reconstruction include structural support for the brain and orbit, separation of the central nervous system from the aerodigestive tract, volume to decrease dead space, and restoration of the three-dimensional appearance of the face and cranium with bone and soft tissues. An open bicoronal approach is the most commonly used technique for craniofacial disassembly of the bifrontal region, with evacuation of intracranial hemorrhage and dural repair performed prior to reconstruction. Depending on the defect size and underlying patient and operative factors, reconstruction may involve bony reconstruction using autografts, allografts, or prosthetics in addition to soft tissue reconstruction using vascularized local or distant tissues. The vast majority of traumatic anterior cranial fossa (ACF) injuries resulting in smaller defects of the cranial base itself can be successfully reconstructed using local pedicled pericranial or galeal flaps. Compared with historical nonvascularized ACF reconstructive options, vascularized reconstruction using pericranial and/or galeal flaps has decreased the rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak from 25 to 6.5%. We review the existing literature on this uncommon entity and present our case series of n = 6 patients undergoing traumatic reconstruction of the ACF at an urban Level 1 trauma center from 2016 to 2018. There were no postoperative CSF leaks, mucoceles, episodes of meningitis, or deaths during the study follow-up period. In conclusion, use of pericranial, galeal, and free flaps, as indicated, can provide reliable and durable reconstruction of a wide variety of injuries.

• 영어영문학
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.43-67
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• 2012

My essay aims at illustrating Whitman's homosexual vision of utopia with a close reading of his representative homosexual text, Calamus. His expansive self is based upon his intimate contact with the world and is almost always drawn to a wider vision of community in which different individuals share the locus of commonness and reach beyond their empirical boundaries. While foregrounding the contingent and the singular, Whitman forges bonds with other people through a series of ecstatic moments that carry us into the public sphere and common interests. Contrary to the current Whitman studies, his homosexual text doesn't repress contingency in order to celebrate the universal, but fully develops the commensurability among diverse historical agents. Whitman knows well the social taboos and inhibitions at the time of national crisis and expansion, but keeps imagining the world where homosexuality plays a central and significant role in founding a democratic solidarity and achieving a desirable social structure. His ideal of America is not a deferred wish for the future, but a concrete vision that can be achieved here and now, realized by the spontaneous bonding and instant attraction among free men. Instead of interpreting history or suggesting practical alternatives, he keeps questioning the dominant ideologies and the given orders of social control, and suggests a free and open relationship among men where no exterior power or mediating other intervenes. His utopian vision is radical as well as ideal, in that it rejects the interventions of the power structure and its institutions and courageously inscribes his homosexuality in the process of writing about and reading his contemporary America. As a predecessor of a homosexual utopian vision of America, Whitman has inspired many later poets, showing a possibility of infusing a homosexual identity into a radical imaging of the nation and its future.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.792-803
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• 2023

This study aimed to assess the impact of weather events on the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivar production trend in the central inland region of Korea during the monsoon season, using time series analysis. The sorghum-sudangrass production data collected between 1988 and 2013 were compiled along with the production year's weather data. The growing degree days (GDD), accumulated rainfall, and sunshine duration were used to assess their impacts on forage production (kg/ha) trend. Conversely, GDD and accumulated rainfall had positive and negative effects on the trend of forage production, respectively. Meanwhile, weather events such as heavy rainfall and typhoon were also collected based on weather warnings as weather events in the Korean monsoon season. The impact of weather events did not affect forage production, even with the increasing frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall. Therefore, the trend of forage production for the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid was forecasted to slightly increase until 2045. The predicted forage production in 2045 will be 14,926 ± 6,657 kg/ha. It is likely that the damage by heavy rainfall and typhoons can be reduced through more frequent harvest against short-term single damage and a deeper extension of the root system against soil erosion and lodging. Therefore, in an environment that is rapidly changing due to climate change and extreme/abnormal weather, the cultivation of the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid would be advantageous in securing stable and robust forage production. Through this study, we propose the cultivation of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid as one of the alternative summer forage options to achieve stable forage production during the dynamically changing monsoon, in spite of rather lower nutrient value than that of maize (Zea mays L.).

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.200-217
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• 2023

본 연구는 부산의 도시공간 네트워크를 시계열적으로 분석하여 중심지 변화 및 공간관리의 계획적 역할을 살펴보는 것이 목적이다. 분석 방법은 공간구문론의 ASA(Angular Segment analysis) 기법을 사용하였고 분석 기간은 부산시가지계획이 수립된 1937년부터 2022년까지 세 시기로 구분하여 살펴보았다. 그 결과 남포동, 광복동 지역에서 형성된 중심지가 분화하여 서면으로 이동하였고, 이후 서면에서 연산으로 재분화하는 과정을 확인하였다. 아울러 향후 중심지가 서부권으로 이동할 여지가 있고 정책적으로 설정된 중심지 및 어메니티적 요소로 형성되는 중심지를 파악할 수 있었다. 또한 공간구문론의 명료도 분석을 통해 도시공간구조의 체계성을 검토한 결과, 기존 연구들에서 정성적으로 해석한 것과 공간구문론 관점에서 해석한 것이 서로 일치하였다. 이를 통해 공간관리를 위한 계획의 역할을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2024

This study aimed to assess the accuracy of tooth widths, intermolar widths, and arch lengths acquired through two intraoral scanners, including iTero Element Plus Series (Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and Trios 4 (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark), specifically on mixed dentition. A total of 30 subjects were divided into 2 groups, each undergoing both alginate impressions and intraoral scanning using either the iTero or Trios scanner. The plaster models were measured with a caliper, while the digital models were measured virtually. In the iTero group, all tooth width measurements exhibited differences compared to the plaster values, except for maxillary left lateral incisors (p = 0.179), mandibular right (p = 0.285), and left (p = 0.073) central incisors. The Trios group did not display significant differences in any of the tooth width measurements. Intermolar width comparisons for both groups indicated differences, except for mandibular primary canine to primary canine values (p = 0.426) in the iTero group. Regarding arch length, the mandibular anterior, maxillary right, and left arch lengths in the iTero group demonstrated larger caliper values than those of iTero. Conversely, in the Trios group, all parameters showed smaller caliper values, especially in upper anterior, maxillary right, mandibular right, and mandibular left arch lengths with significance (p = 0.027, 0.007, 0.003, and 0.047, respectively). Despite the differences between the two groups, digital models might be clinically suitable alternatives for plaster models. Pediatric dentists should carefully assess these differences, as a comprehensive evaluation would result in precise orthodontic treatment planning and favorable outcomes for young patients with mixed dentition.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2024

This thesis explores the embodiment of a performer and a character/role specifically by examining what the term character is associated with and implies in a sense of the performer's bodily training through which what happens to their body. First of all, this research begins to investigate the relationship between a performer and a character centred on the performer's bodily experience through training and/or studio work. From a perspective of a performer, the concept and practical approach of a character itself essentially includes and signifies all the given circumstance of a specific play which has to be acknowledged then inhabited through the performer's body. That is, the internal structure of the text parallels with articulating and developing the spine of a specific character which take place as the substance leads the performer's body to an organic action and/or that of way corresponding to what the character needs and wants to obtain through a series of moment on stage. Here, we argue that the purposeful action as a process and result of applying/inhabiting the substance enhances the performer's body as the whole being participates in the given environment within which his/her body can also work or function by means of the integrated oneness. Second, in a manner of the most fundamental level, both the ethic of acting and the central task of a performer remind us the significance of allowing therefore experiencing subtle bodily movement, namely, responses to stimulus from in/outside of his/her body either visible or invisible on the one hand. At the same time, such a journey of self-discovery empowers the performer to explore new potential possibilities on the other. Finally, as the research finding suggests that these practical insights are necessarily need to be acknowledged as a point of the departure through which the quality of a performer's body is also cultivated by means of the changeable wholeness in order to being on stage.