• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2006

Tuber melanosporum(Perigord black truffle)와 T. aestivum(Burgundy truffle) 등 유럽의 트러플은 아주 고귀한 식품이며 세계적으로 kg당 수백 달러에 팔리고 있다. 이들 지하경 버섯은 미남중부의 산림과 공생하면서 공익을 끼친다. Tuber melanosporum(Perigord black truffle)와 T. aestivum(Burgundy truffle)은 뉴질랜드와 미국의 혼합기술결과로 제한된 범위에서 재배되어 왔다. 튜버종은 상호적으로 백색과 상록 참나무류와 헤즐럿의 기주체의 뿌리에서 외생균근으로 자란다. Tuber melanosporum(Perigord black truffle)와 T. aestivum(Burgundy truffle)은 미남중부 지역에서 환경적인 필요조건을 가지고 있다. T. melanosporum은 재배에 있어서 기후적 토양적 조건이 더욱 인위적인 조치를 많이 취하여 하므로 훨씬 고가이다.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2001년도 제34회 학술심포지움
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• pp.3-8
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• 2001

Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the common, five-carbon building block in the biosynthesis of all carotenoids, IPP in Escherichia coli is synthesized through the non-mevalonate pathway. The first reaction of IPP biosynthesis in E. coli is the formation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP), catalyzed by DXP synthase and encoded by dxs. The second reaction in the pathway is the reduction of DXP to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate, catalyzed by DXP reductoisomerase and encoded by dxr. To determine if one or more of the reactions in the non-mevalonate pathway controlled flux to IPP, dxs and dxr were placed on several expression vectors under the control of three different promoters and transformed into three E. coli strains (DH5(, XL1-Blue, and JM101) that had been engineered to produce lycopene. Lycopene production was improved significantly in strains transformed with the dxs expression vectors. When the dxs gene was expressed from the arabinose-inducible araBAD promoter (PBAD) on a medium-copy plasmid, lycopene production was 2-fold higher than when dxs was expressed from the IPTG-inducible trc and lac promoters (Ptrc and Plac, respectively) on medium-copy and high-copy plasmids, Given the low final densities of cells expressing dxs from IPTG-inducible promoters, the low lycopene production was probably due to the metabolic burden of plasmid maintenance and an excessive drain of central metabolic intermediates. At arabinose concentrations between 0 and 1.33 mM, cells expressing both dxs and dxr from PBAD on a medium-copy plasmid produced 1.4 - 2.0 times more lycopene than cells expressing dxs only. However, at higher arabinose concentrations lycopene production in cells expressing both dxs and dxr was lower than in cells expressing dxs only. A comparison of the three E. coli strains transformed with the arabinose-inducible dxs on a medium-copy plamid revealed that lycopene production was highest in XL1-Blue.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2001년도 Proceedings of 2001 International Symposium
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• pp.141-145
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• 2001

Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the common, five-carbon building block in the biosynthesis of all carotenoids. IPP in Escherichia coli is synthesized through the non-mevalonate pathway. The first reaction of IPP biosynthesis in E. coli is the formation of l-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP), catalyzed by DXP synthase and encoded by dxs. The second reaction in the pathway is the reduction of DXP to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate, catalyzed by DXP reductoisomerase and encoded by dxr. To determine if one or more of the reactions in the non-mevalonate pathway controlled flux to IPP, dxs and dxr were placed on several expression vectors under the control of three different promoters and transformed into three E. coli strains (DH5$\alpha$, XL1-Blue, and JMl0l) that had been engineered to produce lycopene. Lycopene production was improved significantly in strains transformed with the dxs expression vectors. When the dxs gene was expressed from the arabinose-inducible araBAD promoter ( $P_{BAD}$) on a medium-copy plasmid, lycopene production was 2-fold higher than when dxs was expressed from the IPTG-inducible trc and lac promoters ( $P_{trc}$ and $P_{lac}$, respectively) on medium-copy and high-copy plasmids. Given the low final densities of cells expressing dxs from IPTG-inducible promoters, the low lycopene production was probably due to the metabolic burden of plasmid maintenance and an excessive drain of central metabolic intermediates. At arabinose concentrations between 0 and 1.33 roM, cells expressing both dxs and dxr from $P_{BAD}$ on a medium-copy plasmid produced 1.4 - 2.0 times more lycopene than cells expressing dxs only. However, at higher arabinose concentrations lycopene . production in cells expressing both dxs and dxr was lower than in cells expressing dxs only. A comparison of the three E. coli strains transformed with the arabinose-inducible dxs on a medium-copy plasmid revealed that lycopene production was highest in XLI-Blue.LI-Blue.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.601-608
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 녹색 및 자색 콜라비 착즙액의 이화학적 특성(pH 및 $^{\circ}Bx$), 총 페놀함량, 항산화 활성(ORAC 지수, DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS radical 소거능, FRAP 및 reducing power), 아질산염 소거능, 피부 섬유아세포에서의 세포 보호 효과 및 ROS 생성억제 효과를 측정하였다. 총 페놀 함량은 녹색 콜라비 착즙액(153.74 mg GAE/mL)에서 자색 콜라비 착즙액(122.55 mg GAE/mL)보다 더 높게 나타난 반면, ORAC 지수의 경우 자색 콜라비 착즙액($664.32{\mu}MTE/mL$ )에서 녹색 콜라비 착즙액($572.74{\mu}MTE/mL$)보다 더 높게 나타났다. DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS radical 소거능, FRAP 및 reducing power에서는 콜라비 착즙액 10, 50, 100% 농도에서 농도 의존적으로 항산화 활성이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 같은 농도로 비교하였을 때, 녹색 콜라비 착즙액에서 자색 콜라비 착즙액보다 높은 항산화 활성을 보였다. 아질산염 소거능에서도 녹색 콜라비 착즙액이 자색 콜라비 착즙액보다 높은 효능을 나타내었다. 피부 섬유아세포에서는 녹색 및 자색 콜라비 착즙액을 동결 건조하여 사용하였으며 10, 25, $50{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 독성을 나타내지 않았다. Hydrogen peroxide로 산화적 스트레스를 유도한 상태에서 세포 보호 효과를 측정한 결과 $10{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서는 녹색 및 자색 콜라비 착즙액에서 hydrogen peroxide를 처리한 군과 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, 25, $50{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서는 농도 유의적으로 세포보효효과가 증가하였다. 또한 녹색 콜라비 착즙액에서는 양성대조군으로 사용한 항산화 물질인 NAC 수준까지 세포생존율이 증가하였다. $H_2$-DCFDA 염색을 통하여 관찰한 ROS 생성 억제 효과는 세포 보호 효과와 유사한 경향으로 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 녹색 및 자색 콜라비 착즙액이 다양한 항산화 모델에서 효능을 나타내었으며, 피부 섬유아세포에서 세포 보호 효과 및 ROS 생성 억제효과가 관찰되어 기능성 식품원료로서의 활용도가 매우 넓을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.217-229
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• 2016

Goat milk production and processing is a dynamic and growing industry that is fundamental to the health of hundreds of millions of people worldwide and is recognized as an important contributor to many national economies. Goat milk has contributed significantly to the economic and nutritional quality of life in developing countries, particularly in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Latin America. Goat milk has played an important role in the health and nutrition of infants and the elderly, and is also known to be beneficial and therapeutic for people with milk allergies. The potential and value of the nutritional, health, and therapeutic effects of goat milk and specialized goat milk products are now attracting attention. Various products can be made from goat milk based on its chemical properties. In addition, special products such as hair, skin care, products, and cosmetics produced using goat milk have garnered more attention in recent years. Nevertheless, high quality products can only be made from good quality goat milk. Advanced technical treatments are necessary to produce high quality goat milk that meets consumer expectation of nutritional, hygienic, and good sensory products. Good taste has been a critical criterion when deciding to buy and consume goat milk and associated products. However, it may be possible to produce more value-added products that cater to the new trends in consumer needs and thus maintain economic sustainability of goat milk industry.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.717-722
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• 2004

Lipozyme RM IM 효소적 촉매를 사용한 glycerolysis에 의한 옥수수유로부터 $1,3-DAG(Y_1),\;1,2-DAG(Y_2)$, 총 $DAG(Y_3),\;MAG (Y_4)$, 및 총 DAG + MAG 의 합성 양$(Y_5)$의 생성 최적화를 반응 표면분석을 이용하여 모니터링 하였으며 반응온도$(35-75^{\circ}C,\;X_1)$, 반응시간$(1-11시간,\;X_2)$ 및 hexane 의 혼합 양$(0-2mL,\;X_3)$을 변수로 한 중심합성계획으로 최적화 실험하였다. 1,3-DAG는 반응온도$(44.92^{\circ}C)$, 반응시간(10.24시간) 및 hexane 첨가량(1.16mL) 조건에서 20.43 area%로 최대값을 나타내었으며 1,2-DAG는 $56.32^{\circ}C$, 6.95시간 및 1.04mL 조건에서 26.78 area% 로 최대값을 예측할 수 있었다. 총 DAC는 $53.82^{\circ}C$, 8.03시간 및 1.08mL 실험 조건에서 45.09 area% 최대값을 보였다. 또한 MAG 생산 최적조건은 $64.14^{\circ}C$, 7.00시간 및 0.13mL에서 최대값 9.57 area%로 예측되었으며 총 DAG+MAG 생산 최적조건은 $54.07^{\circ}C$, 7.98시간, 1.02mL이었으며 이때 예측된 값은 53.54 area%이었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2009

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4), a STAT family member, mediates interleukin 12 (IL12) signal transduction. IL12 is known to be related to calorie-restricted status. In the central nervous system, IL12 also enhances the production of nitric oxide (NO), which regulates food intake. In this study, the expression of neuronal NO synthase (Nos1), which is also related to food intake, was investigated in the hypothalamic areas of Stat4 knockout (KO) mice using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry, a marker for neurons expressing Nos1 enzyme. Western blots were also performed to evaluate Nos1 and Fos expression. Wild-type Balb/c (WT group, n=10 male) and Stat4 KO mice (Stat4 KO group, n=8 male) were used. The body weight and daily food intake in the WT group were $22.4{\pm}0.3$ and 4.4 g per day, while those in the Stat4 KO group were $18.7{\pm}0.4$ and 1.8 g per day, respectively. Stat4 mice had lower body weight and food intake than Balb/c mice. Optical intensities of NADPH-d-positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of the Stat4 KO group were significantly higher than those of the WT group. Western blotting analysis revealed that the hypothalamic Nos1 and Fos expression of the Stat4 KO group was up-regulated, compared to that in the WT group. These results suggest that Stat4 may be related to the regulation of food intake and expression of Nosl in the hypothalamus.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권spc1호
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• pp.145-165
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• 1996

Amaranth(Amaranthus spp. L.) and quinoa (Chenpodium quinoa Willd.) are old crops from South, Central America and Central Asia and their grains have been identified as very promising food crops because of their exceptional nutritive value. Squalene is an important ingredient in skin cosmetics and computer disc lubricants as well as bioactive materials such as inhibition of fungal and mammalian sterol biosynthesis, antitumor, anticancer, and immunomodulation. Amaranth has a component called squalene (2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,22-tetraco-sahexaene) about 1/300 of the seed and $5\~8\%$ of its seed oil. Oil and squalene content in amaranth seed were different for the species investigated. Squalene content in seed oil also increased by $15.5\%$ due to puffing and from 6.96 to $8.01\%$ by refining and bleaching. Saponin concentrations in quinoa seed ranged 0.01 to $5.6\%$. Saponins are located in the outer layers of quinoa grain. These layers include the perianth, pericarp, a seed coat layer, and a cuticle like structure. Oleanane-type triterpenes saponins are of great interest because of their diverse pharmacological properties, for instance, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, contraceptive, and cholesterol-lowering effects. It is known that quinoa contains a number of structurally diverse saponins including the aglycones, oleanolic acid, hederagenin, and phytolaccagenic acid, which are new potential in gredient for pharmacological properties. It is likely that these saponin levels will be considerably affected by genetic, agronomic and environmental factors as well as by processing. With the current enhanced public interest in health and nutrition amaranth and quinoa will most likely remain in the immediate future within the realm of exotic health foods until such time as agricultural production meets the quantities and qualify required by industrial food manufacturers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1213-1220
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• 2018

Objective: An experiment was conducted to assess the antioxidant contents and activities of colored rice grains and to evaluate their nutritive characteristics in terms of chemical composition and in situ ruminal degradation. Methods: Ten cultivars of colored rice grains (Oryza sativa L.) collected from several areas of Japan were studied, and control rice without pigment, maize, barley, and wheat grains were used as control grains. Their chemical compositions, pigment, polyphenol contents, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and degradation characteristics were determined. Results: The starch contents of the colored rice grains were in the range of 73.5% to 79.6%, similar to that of the control rice grain. The black and red rice grains contained anthocyanin (maximum: $5,045.6{\mu}g/g$) and proanthocyanidin (maximum: $3,060.6{\mu}g/g$) at high concentrations as their principal pigments, respectively. There were significantly (p<0.05) positive relationships among the pigment contents, polyphenol content, and TAC values in the colored and control rice grains, indicating that the increase in pigment contents also contributed to the increased polyphenol content and TAC values in the colored rice grains. The dry matter and starch degradation characteristics, as represented by c (fractional degradation rate of slowly degradable fraction) and by the effective degradability, of the colored rice grains and the control rice grain were ranked as follows among commonly used grains: wheat>barley${\geq}rice$>maize. The colored rice grains also included the most-digestible starch, since their potential degradable fraction and actual degradability at 48 h incubation were almost 100%. Conclusion: Colored rice grains have high potential to be used as antioxidant sources in addition to starch sources in ruminants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1573-1582
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• 2015

This study was to investigate the effect of soyabean isoflavones (SIF) on onset of puberty, serum hormone concentration, and gene expression in hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary of female Bama miniature pigs. Fifty five, 35-days old pigs were randomly assigned into 5 treatment groups consisting of 11 pigs per treatment. Results showed that dietary supplementation of varying dosage (0, 250, 500, and 1,250 mg/kg) of SIF induced puberty delay of the pigs with the age of puberty of pigs fed basal diet supplemented with 1,250 mg/kg SIF was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to control. Supplementation of SIF or estradiol valerate (EV) reduced (p<0.05) serum gonadotrophin releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone concentration, but increased follicle-stimulating hormone concentration in pigs at 4 months of age. The expression of KiSS-1 metastasis-suppressor (KISS1), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta-5-delta-4 isomerase ($3{\beta}-HSD$) was reduced (p<0.01) in SIF-supplemented groups. Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor in the pituitary of miniature pigs was reduced (p<0.05) compared to the control when exposed to 250, 1,250 mg/kg SIF and EV. Pigs on 250 mg/kg SIF and EV also showed reduced (p<0.05) expression of cytochrome P450 19A1 compared to the control. Our results indicated that dietary supplementation of SIF induced puberty delay, which may be due to down-regulation of key genes that play vital roles in the synthesis of steroid hormones.