• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.2029-2043
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a novel inter-cell handover approach from a new perspective in dense Heterogeneous and Small Cell Networks (HetSNets). We first devise a cell selection mechanism to choose a proper candidate small cell for the UEs that tend to implement inter-small cell handover (ICH). By exploiting the property of a typical non-concentric circle, i.e., circle of Apollonius, we then propose a novel analytical method for modeling inter-cell handover regions and present mathematical derivation to prove that the inter-small cell handover issues fit the property of the circle of Apollonius. We design an inter-cell handover algorithm (ICHA) by means of our proposed handover model to dynamically configure hysteresis margin and properly implement handover decision in terms of UE's mobility. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed ICHA yields lower call drop rate and radio link failure rate than the conventional methods and hence achieve high Handover Performance Indicator (HPI).

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2008

An efficient location registration scheme is essential to accommodate continuously increasing mobile subscribers and to offer a variety of multimedia services with good quality. In this study, we consider a distance-based registration scheme where the number of location areas varies on the basis of cell-by-cell, not of ring-by-ring, to analyze the optimal size of the location area. Using our proposed cell-by-cell distance-based registration scheme with random walk mobility model, we analyze a variety of circumstances to obtain the optimal number of cells for location area that minimizes total signaling traffic on radio channels. From our analysis results, we show that the optimal number of cells for location area is between 4 and 6 in most cases, and our cell-by-cell distance-based location registration scheme has less signaling traffic than optimal ring-by-ring distance-based location registration scheme where optimal distance threshold is 2 (thus the optimal number of cells for location area is 7).

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.347-352
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 셀룰러 기반 무선 인지망에서 스펙트럼 인지(CR)기술을 이용하여 모바일 사용자의 핸드오버 호의 손실확률을 줄이는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는 모바일이 방문할 셀을 Ziv-Lempel 알고리듬을 이용하여 예측하고, 방문할 셀에 할당된 채널이 부족할 때는 CR기술에 기초한 스펙트럼 홀 자원을 예측하여 모바일 사용자를 지원한다. 스펙트럼 홀 자원의 크기는 신경망기법으로 예측하며, 예측된 스펙트럼 홀 자원은 핸드오버 호가 초기 발생 호 보다 우선하여 사용할 수 있게 한다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 셀룰러 이동 통신망에 CR기술을 사용함으로써 모바일 사용자의 핸드오버 호 손실확률을 줄일 수 있음을 보인다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2010

PMIPv6는 네트워크 기반 이동성 프로트콜로서 모바일 노드가 어떠한 IP 이동성 프로토콜 시그널링에도 관여하지 않는다. PMIPv6에서는 이동성 관리 기능이 네트워크에 있기 때문에 멀티캐스트 서비스를 제공하기 위한 새로운 요소가 추가되고 기능을 변경해야 하는 문제가 있다. 현재 PMIPv6에서 멀티캐스트 서비스를 제공하기 위한 표준화 작업이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 PMIPv6에서 효율적인 실시간 멀티캐스트 서비스를 제공하기 위해 현재 진행중인 표준화 작업의 문제점을 살펴보고 Neighbor Cell Reporting기법을 사용하여 핸드오버로 인한 지연을 줄이고 패킷의 손실을 줄이는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법이 기존 방법들에 비해 핸드오버로 인한 지연과 패킷의 손실을 감소시킬 수 있음을 시뮬레이션을 통해 입증한다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.204-213
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• 2015

지하철 역사 공간 내 보행교통류의 혼잡 상황은 역사의 이용효율을 저해시킨다. 특히 방향별 동선의 미분리로 인한 보행자간 상충은 보행자의 이동저항을 증가시키며 통행시간과 안전사고에 부정적인 영향을 끼치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 미시적 움직임에 기반한 양방향 보행교통류의 통행 특성을 분석하였으며, 동선 분리로 인한 운영상의 효과를 분석하는 모형을 개발하였다. 이산요소법에 따라 역사 공간을 2차원 grid 구조로 해석하였으며, 각 grid에 존재하는 cell 별로 보행자의 움직임이 이루어진다고 보았다. 그 결과 양방향 보행교통류가 상충하는 상황에서는 동선을 분리시키고, 우측통행을 유도하여 보행자들의 진행 방향을 정돈시키는 경우가 가장 효율이 좋은 것으로 분석되었다. 이에, 동선 분리 시스템을 적용하여 보행편의 및 이동성을 증진시키기 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 한다.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.82-85
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• 2015

Photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) is one of the attractive ways to produce clean and renewable energy. However, solar to hydrogen production via PEC system generally requires high external bias, because of material's innate electronic band potential relative to hydrogen reduction potential and/or charge separation issue. For spontaneous photo-water splitting, here, we design dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and their monolithic tandem cell incorporated with a $BiVO_4$ photoanode. $BiVO_4$ has high conduction band edge potential and suitable band gap (2.4eV) to absorb visible light. To achieve efficient $BiVO_4$ photoanode system, electron and hole mobility should be improved, and we demonstrate a tandem cell in which $BiVO_4/WO_3$ film is connected to cobalt complex based DSSC.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.186-195
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• 2021

In this study, when stem cell culture solution is used as a cosmetic ingredient, one of the most prominent problems is that the ingredients generally have low thermal stability. Therefore, in this study, in order to find out how the stem cell culture medium is heated or preserved at high temperature, the effect of various effects of stem cells on the various effects of the stem cells was investigated. Investigated. As a result of the experiment, the wound healing assay confirmed that the cell migration increased after 6 hours, and after 24 hours, it was confirmed that the cell mobility was increased and cell division was promoted, thereby being concentrated. As a result of investigating the amount of transdermal water loss by preparing a cosmetic product containing stem cell culture solution, it was confirmed that the culture solution addition group showed an improvement rate of 31% compared to the non-added group, thereby helping in skin wound recovery. As a result of this, it is considered that this point should be considered when the stem cell culture medium is used as an active ingredient in cosmetics in the future.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.363-375
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• 2023

Stem cells are the foundational cells for every organ and tissue in our body. Cell-based therapeutics using stem cells in regenerative medicine have received attracting attention as a possible treatment for various diseases caused by congenital defects. Stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as well as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and neuroprogenitors stem cells (NSCs) have recently been studied in various ways as a cell-based therapeutic agent. When various stem cells are transplanted into a living body, they can differentiate and perform complex functions. For stem cell transplantation, it is essential to determine the suitability of the stem cell-based treatment by evaluating the origin of stem, the route of administration, in vivo bio-distribution, transplanted cell survival, function, and mobility. Currently, these various stem cells are being imaged in vivo through various molecular imaging methods. Various imaging modalities such as optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) have been introduced for the application of various stem cell imaging. In this review, we discuss the principles and recent advances of in vivo molecular imaging for application of stem cell research.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2017

무선 센서 네트워크에서 구조대나 군 소대와 같은 이동 싱크 그룹을 위한 통신은 군집 이동 특성에 의해 이동성 지원 측면에서 새로운 도전 과제를 야기한다. 최근에 그룹 영역 기반의 이동성 지원 접근법이 제안되었지만, 접근법에서 제시하는 3 단계(싱크 그룹 영역 발견, 영역 정보 통지, 데이터 전달)의 과정은 과도한 플러딩(flooding)을 요구한다. 따라서 많은 에너지 소모와 혼잡 및 간섭으로 인한 데이터 전달 실패를 야기한다. 더욱이, 이는 개별 싱크 단위의 이동성을 지원하기 때문에 앞의 문제를 심화시킨다. 따라서, 본 논문은 가상 격자 구조를 활용한 에너지 효율적이고 신뢰성있는 이동 싱크 그룹 통신 방안(Energy-efficient and Reliable Mobile Group communication protocol, ERMG)을 제안한다. ERMG는 그룹 영역의 발견과 영역 정보 통지, 데이터 전달을 위해 오직 싱크 그룹을 관리하는 격자 셀의 대표(cell heads)와의 통신만을 요구한다. 또한, ERMG는 효율적인 이동성 지원을 위해 격자 단위의 이동성 지원 방안을 사용한다. 시율레이션 결과는 ERMG가 기존 방안들에 비해 에너지 소모량이 평균 30% 감소하였고, 전달 요구 시간 내 성공률이 평균 6% 증가하였음을 보인다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.472-478
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• 2009

Objective : Hyaluronidase (HAse), a degrading enzyme of hyaluronic acid (HA), is highly expressed in patients with malignant glioma. The purpose of this study was to verify whether HAse is related to the invasion of glioma cells. We also investigated if glioma cells with higher mobility in 2-dimensioal (2-D) method have also higher mobility at 3-dimensional (3-D) environment. Methods : Malignant glioma cell lines (U87MG, U251MG, U343MG-A, and U373MG) were used, and their HAse expressions were evaluated by HA zymography. The migration ability was evaluated by simple scratch technique. The invasiveness of each cell lines was evaluated by Matrigel invasion assay and HA hydrogel invasion assay. In HA hydrogel invasion assay, colonies larger than $150\;{\mu}m$ were regarded as positive ones and counted. Statistical analysis of migration ability and invasion properties of each cell lines was performed using t-test. Results : In scratch test to examine migration ability of each cell lines, U87MG cells were most motile than others, and U343MG-A least motile. The HAse was expressed in U251MG and U343MG-A cell lines. However, U87MG and U373MG cell lines did not express HAse activity. In Matrigel invasion assay, the cell lines expressing HAse (U251MG and U343MG-A) were more invasive in the presence of HA than HAse deficient cell lines (U87MG and U373MG). In HA hydrogel invasion assay, the HAse-expressing cell lines formed colonies more invasively than HAse-deficient ones. Conclusion : Malignant Glioma cells expressing HAse were more invasive than HAse-deficient ones in 3-dimensional environment. Therefore, it might be suggested that invasion of malignant gliomas is suppressed by inhibition of HAse expression or HA secretion. Additionally, the ability of 2-D migration and 3-D invasion might not be always coincident to each other in malignant glioma cells.