• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.199-202
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• 2004

Membrane technology is widely employed as a means of producing various qualities of water from surface water, well water, brackish water and seawater. This is also used in industrial wastewater treatment and its recycling process. A large volume of wastewater is generated by the steel industry. Presently, the treated wastewater from the steel industry cannot be recycled, because some of its components cause either direct or indirect problems.(omitted)

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.354-360
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• 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in children. Survivors of severe TBI are more susceptible to functional deficits, resulting in disability, poor quality of life, cognitive decline, and mental health problems. Despite this, little is known about the pathophysiology of TBI in children and how to manage it most effectively. Internationally, efforts are being made to expand knowledge of pathophysiology and develop practical clinical treatment recommendations to improve outcomes. Here we discuss recently updated evidence and management of severe pediatric TBI.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.335-336
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• 2014

기존의 게임들이 젊은 연령대가 주를 이뤘다면, 2012년 출시된 '애니팡'은 게임을 부정적으로 바라보던 중장년층까지 흡수하면서 모바일게임의 대중화를 이뤄냈다. 하지만 그 인기가 현재까지 지속되지는 않는다. 그 이유로는 세 가지 정도로 요약되는데, 첫번째는 쉽게 질려 버릴 수 있는 단순한 게임방법이며, 둘째는 지인과의 순위경쟁의 긴장감을 지인이 떠나버리면서 잃어버렸기 때문이다. 마지막으로 세 번째는 게임의 불안정성과 더불어 스팸'하트'메시지의 스트레스이다. 반면에 성공요인으로는 첫 번째는 진입장벽의 용이성, 둘째는 친근감과 현대인들의 생활패턴에 접근 가능한 게임 환경, 셋째는 생활정서에 밀착된 '적절한 긴장감' 이라고 할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• summer
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• pp.171-175
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• 2004

Network management for detail analysis can cause speed decline of application in case of lack band width by traffic increase of the explosive Internet. Because a manager requests MIB value for the desired objects to an agent by management policy, and then the agent responds to the manager. Such processes are repeated, so it can cause increase of network traffic. Specially, repetitious occurrence of sending-receiving information is very inefficient for a same object when a trend analysis of traffic is performed. In this paper, an efficient SNMP is proposed to add new PDUs into the existing SNMP in order to accept time function. Utilizing this PDU, it minimizes unnecessary sending-receiving message and collects information for trend management of network efficiently. This proposed SNMP is tested for compatibility with the existing SNMP and decreases amount of network traffic largely

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.319-329
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• 1989

The present paper mainly cocerns, in social aspect of the cultural change, with how cholik was introduced and accepted in $Kory\v{o}$ dynasty. It was through cultural transmission in political relations with Won dynasty that $ch\v{o}$ lik was first listed on our own costume system in later $Kory\v{o}$ dynasty. The acceptance by $Kory\v{o}$ society can be interpreted as the twofold effects; positively, it enriched our costume system and, negatively, it brought about various conflicts, which in turn caused some unwelcome reactions. Once it had permeated into $Kory\v{o}$ culture. it could not avoid being changed by social conditions. The changing process can be defined as the dual cycles of fashion. The first one startd at mid peroid of $Kory\v{o}$ when King $Chung-ry\v{o}$l provided a law to wear the $W\v{o}n$ costume and. ended at larter $Kory\v{o}$ of King Kong-min's reign. The second cycle rose in the period between King Sejong's reign and late $Chos\v{o}n$. Each of the two cycles appeared to have its own characteristics; 1. The first cycle. 1) In spite of the long period of a century, the cycle was very abrupt both in development and decline. 2) The abrupt pattern of the cycle can be attributed to the nation-wide law provided by the ruler. 2. The second cycle. 1) Compared with the first cycle, the curve was rather slow. 2) The fashion originated from the hyperimitation of the government officials, since the costume was the royal gift by Chinese Emperor. 3) The main cause of the development of the fastion was the wars, rather than the public preference. 4) The main cause of the decline of the fashion was that it could no more differentiate the social status, that the wearer was laughed at by the Chinese, and that the long period of wearing the same dress stimulated the fashion psychology. 5) The increasing size of the costume rather decreased the very function of the costume.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.277-283
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• 2017

This paper deals with a longitudinal time series study on the viewing behavior of digital media service. After holdback of terrestrial broadcasting VOD service was extended in 2013, viewers' terrestrial broadcasting VOD viewing went down sharply. Researcher assumed that there was driven by watching alternative products such as movies, kids, etc. as the cause of the decline of the terrestrial broadcasting VOD viewing. In addition, researcher assumed that the decline of terrestrial broadcasting VOD viewing had an influence on the viewing rate of the terrestrial real-time broadcasting, and confirmed the cause of the decreasing of the terrestrial real-time broadcasting viewing rate. In order for terrestrial broadcasters to retrieve real-time broadcasting and VOD viewing, it is necessary to shorten the VOD holdback and reacquire viewers away from terrestrial broadcasting.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2014

This study aims at proposing a sound and sustainable development direction of an residential environment by analyzing testimonies of residents who lived in Park Hill flats or their surround at Sheffield City in the United Kingdom. The results are obtained through the analysis on a residential environment of Park Hill flats, opinions of the residents on its refurbishment, and effects of the building on the residential environment. The block of Park Hill flats was a community with a strong unity and solidarity, but that became increasingly a slum by the decline of the physical and social environment since the 1980s. In particular, it was identified that the deterioration of the social environment than that of the physical environment was a major cause of the decline. Nevertheless, it was found that "streets in the sky", the concept applied in Park Hill, played a key role in activating the community in the apartment complex. However, that street system in the complex has caused noise, poor security, and invasion of privacy. If such problems are solved, the streets in the sky will be a meaningful alternative for community activation and then ensuring sustainability in Korean residential environments that lost the function of the community.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2021

This study analyzed the effects of 'online biology learning using E-learning system' on elementary school students' science-related attitudes. Samples of the study were composed of 95 sixth-grade students of N elementary school in Seoul, Korea. The learning was conducted for 11 times over a month. The main results of this study are as follows. First, for the paired t-test, a statistically significant difference between the pre and post scores of science-related attitudes was found. After conducting the online biology learning science related attitudes scores of students generally declined. "The boredom caused by simply watching online biology contents" is the decisive cause of the decline in science-related attitude scores analyzed through interviews. Second, in ANCOVA, according to 'levels of meta-cognition'. there was no statistically significant difference in scores of science-related attitudes. but, there was statistically significant difference in science-related attitudes according to 'adoption of scientific attitudes'. Students of high meta-cognition type showed a greater decline in scores than students of low meta-cognition type. Based on the results of this study, implications for research of online biology education and elementary science education are discussed.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.12
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• pp.2262-2267
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• 2010

In order to analyze the reason of wall blackening, which affect the decline of lifetime in a ceramic metal halide lamp, we carried out the deterioration of ceramic tubes by a change in operating conditions with arc tubes of two types of spherical and cylindrical, and we have confirmed the cause of wall blackening through the analysis of element composition and spectrum from SEM/EDS and spectrum analyzer. Wall blackening of tungsten was shown by sputtering from ignition in 20 minute on/off condition and wall blackening from chemical reaction between PCA wall and rare earth halides was shown significantly in a condition without on/off test. Especially, the wall blackening and the decline of luminous flux were reduced by inner convection in spherical type arc tube. Moreover, the color temperature and color coordinate were changed by reduction of emission spectrum of Dy which causes the chemical reaction with PCA wall.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to contribute to improvement of measurement management level of construction structure and technology development of monitoring sensor by presenting the detailed causes and improvement plans of construction monitoring sensor's decline in durability. Method: The causes and improvement plans of the durability degradation of the construction monitoring sensor were divided into the construction field and the electric, electronic field. The detailed status was reviewed. Results: In the field of construction, approval and inspection, inspection and testing, verification and calibration, and minimization of loss and damage ratio were reviewed. In the field of electric and electronics, sensor package and sealing, disconnection of stress concentration area, damage caused by lightning and corrosion were reviewed. Conclusion: It is expected that the durability of monitoring sensors applied to the construction site will become longer than the present status based on the study that analyzed causes and improvement plans of construction monitoring sensor's decline in durability in the field of construction and electric, electronic devices.