• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1225-1233
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• 2009

Fat composition of beef, taken here to mean marbling, can be manipulated by time on feed, finishing diet, and breed type. These three factors also strongly influence the fatty acid composition of beef. Both the amount of marbling and the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) increase with time on feed in grain-fed and pasture-fed cattle, but much more dramatically in grain-fed cattle. High-concentrate diets stimulate the activity of adipose tissue stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), which is responsible for the conversion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to their $\Delta{9}$ desaturated counterparts. Also, grain feeding causes a depression in ruminal pH, which decreases those populations of ruminal microorganisms responsible for the isomerization and hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The net result of elevated SCD activity in marbling adipose tissue and depressed ruminal isomerization/hydrogenation of dietary PUFA is a large increase in MUFA in beef over time. Conversely, pasture depresses both the accumulation of marbling and SCD activity, so that even though pasture feeding increases the relative concentration of PUFA in beef, it also increases SFA at the expense of MUFA. Wagyu and Hanwoo cattle accumulate large amounts of marbling and MUFA, and Wagyu cattle appear to be less sensitive to the effects of pastures in depressing overall rates of adipogenesis and the synthesis of MUFA in adipose tissues. There are small differences in fatty acid composition of beef from Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle, but diet and time on feed are much more important determinants of beef fat content and fatty acid composition than breed type.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.411-425
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• 2004

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of applying times and dilution rates of cattle slurry with water on dry matter yields and feed values of orchard grass. Cattle slurry was applied at the rates of average nitrogen fertilizer equivalent to 150kg/ha/year in 3 cutting frequency. Significantly higher dry matter yields than that of no fertilization (7.36 ton DM/ha) were recorded in the application of diluted cattle slurry (10.74~13.54 ton DM/ha) (p<0.05). Especially, this tendency was shown with higher annual dry matter yields at the partitioned dressing times, such as at the applications for 1st and 3rd growth, 2nd and 3rd growth, and 1st, 2nd and 3rd growth respectively. The yields of annual dry matter at fertilizing phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen were higher than no fertilization as 12.42 tons per ha. However, with application of diluted cattle slurry, dry matter yields per year (11.96 ton DM/ha) were significantly higher than those of fertilizing phosphorus and potassium (7.52 ton DM/ha) (p<0.05). The efficiencies of dry matter production with mineral and cattle slurry nitrogen application (kg DM/kg N) were 32.7 and 13.4~26.9kg DM/kg N respectively. Especially, these tendencies were higher in diluted application plots than in no-diluted application plots of cattle slurry. The contents of crude protein (CP, %), neutral detergent Eber (NDF, %), acid detergent fiber (ADF, %), annual yields of CP (kg/ha) and total digestible nutrient (TDNY, kg/ha) of orchardgrass were significantly higher at the application of diluted cattle Slurry than those at non-fertilizer application (p<0.05).

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.247-263
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• 2013

본 실험은 강원지방에서 유기 생우분과 유기 발효우분을 시용하여 밭토양에서 하계작물로 sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass 교잡종과 동계작물로는 rye 단파구, rye+red clover 혼파구, 논토양에서 벼 '추청' 재배 후, rye 단파구, rye+hairy vetch 혼파구를 도입하였을 때, 각 초종과 작부조합의 건물생산성, 사료가치, 혼파효과 및 가축사육능력을 평가하여 강원지역에서 조사료 생산에 적합한 작부조합을 선정하고자 하였고, 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 하계작물로 밭토양에서 sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass 교잡종의 건물수량은 CCM150에서 15.12 ton/ha으로 많았으나, CM150과는 유의한 차이는 없었다. 조단백질 수량은 1차 예취에서 CCM150이 0.59ton/ha로 유의하게 많았고(p<0.05), 2차 예취에서는 CM150이 0.44ton/ha로 유의하게 많았다(p<0.05). $K_{CP}+K_{TDN}/2$ 값은 CCM 150이 7.76head/ha로 많았다. 논토양의 유기 생우분 시용구에서 볏짚의 건물수량은 4.95 ton/ha으로 화학비료 시용구의 4.84ton/ha보다 많았지만 유의한 차이는 없었다. 조단백질 함량은 화학비료 시용구의 볏짚이 4.09%로 유의하게 높았고(p<0.05), TDN 함량은 유기 생우분 시용구의 볏짚이 55.63%로 화학시용구의 볏짚 53.94%보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 유기 생우분 시용구에서 볏짚의 $K_{CP}+K_{TDN}/2$ 값은 연간 1.89head/ha였다. 동계작물로 밭토양의 rye+red clover 혼파구의 건물수량은 CCM100에서 4.36ton/ha로 많았으나, 다른 처리구와 유의한 차이가 없었다. Rye+red clover 혼파구의 조단백질 함량은 CCM100에서 7.33%로 높았으나 CM100에서 rye+red clover 혼파구의 7.19%와는 유의한 차이는 없었다. Rye+red clover 혼파구의 $K_{CP}$와 $K_{TDN}$ 값은 각각 2.32head/ha와 2.36head/ha로 다른 처리구보다 유의하게 많았다(p<0.05). 논토양에서는 rye+red clover 혼파구의 건물수량은 4.19ton/ha로 많았으나, rye 단파구와는 유의한 차이는 없었다. Rye+red clover 혼파구의 조단백질 함량과 TDN 함량은 각각 7.21%와 59.33%로 다른 처리구보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 강원지방에서 유기우분을 시용하여 조사료를 생산할 경우 밭토양에서는 sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass 교잡종을 재배한 후 rye+red clover의 혼파가, 논토양에서는 벼 재배 후 rye+hairy vetch를 혼파하는 작부조합이 생산성, 사료가치 및 가축사육능력을 높이는데 우수하였다고 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.763-769
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• 2020

Objective: The experiment was conducted to study the effect of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit peel powder (RP) on feed consumption, digestibility of nutrients, ruminal fermentation dynamics and microbial population in Thai breed cattle. Methods: Four, 2-year old (250±15 kg) beef bull crossbreds (75% Brahman×25% local breed) were allotted to experimental treatments using a 4×4 Latin square design. Four dietary supplementation treatments were imposed; non-supplementation (control, T1); supplementation of RP fed at 2% of dry matter intake (DMI) (low, T2); supplementation of RP fed at 4% of DMI (medium, T3) and supplementation of RP fed at 6% of DMI (high, T4). All cattle were given a concentrate supplement at 1% of body weight while Napier grass was provided as a free choice. Results: The findings revealed that RP supplementation did not negatively affect (p>0.05) DMI of Napier grass, while RP intake and total DMI were the greatest in the RP supplementation at 4% and 6% DMI. Nevertheless, the nutrients (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) digestibilities were not changed in the RP supplementation groups. Rumen fermentation parameters especially those of total volatile fatty acids, acetate and butyrate were not significantly changed. However, the propionate concentration was remarkably increased (p<0.05) in the RP supplementation. Notably, the ratio of acetate to propionate, the number of protozoa, as well as the methane estimation were significantly reduced in the RP supplemented groups (4% and 6% of DMI), while the counts of bacteria was not altered. Conclusion: Supplementation of RP (4% of DMI) improved rumen propionate production, reduced protozoal population and methane estimation (p<0.05) without a negative effect on feed consumption and nutrients total tract digestibilities in beef cattle. Using dietary rambutan fruit peel powder has potential promise as a rumen regulator.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2007

국내에서 생산된 사료(2006-2007) 중 253점(배합사료 194, 단미사료 59)의 사료에서 오크라톡신의 오염도를 조사하였다. 단미사료 중 OTA오염도는 27%이었고 오염농도는 OTA 0.27-3.39 ppb 수준이었다. 배합사료에서 OTA 오염도가 76%로 나타났으며, 평균 0.21-13.64 ppb 수준의 검출농도로 분석되었다. 모든 사료 중 젖소사료(96%)> 닭사료(85%)> 돼지사료(79%) 순으로 OTA이 오염되어 있는 것으로 나타났으며, OTA평균오염농도는 고기소 사료(2.2 ppb)에서 가장 높았으며, 젖소사료(1.6 ppb), 박류(1.2 ppb)순으로 감소되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.587-594
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• 2012

본 연구는 인진쑥을 첨가한 TMR 사료가 흑우육의 이화학적 품질 및 관능특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하여 고품질의 기능성 흑우육 생산 가능성을 검토하였다. 대조군(control)은 인진쑥을 첨가하지 않은 비육우 사료를 급여하였고, 급여군(treatment)은 비육우 사료에 인진쑥을 첨가하였다. 총 catechin 함량은 대조군 및 급여군이 각각 0.262 및 0.379 mg/kg, epicatechin은 각각 0.042 및 0.059 mg/kg으로 급여군이 유의하게 높았다($p$ <0.05). 적색도($a^*$)는 급여군이 대조군보다 높았으나($p$ <0.05) 명도($L^*$) 및 황색도($b^*$)는 급여군과 대조군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그리고 pH, VBN 함량 및 총균수는 대조군과 급여군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 TBARS는 대조군이 급여군보다 높았고, EDA는 급여군이 대조군보다 높았다. 보수력, 동결감량, 해동감량 및 가열감량은 대조군과 급여군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 경도 및 검성은 급여군이 대조군보다 높았고, 탄성은 대조군이 급여군보다 높았다($p$ <0.05). 그러나 응집성, 저작성 및 전단력은 대조군과 급여군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 생육의 색깔 및 향, 가열육의 맛, 풍미, 연도, 다즙성 및 전체적인 기호성은 대조군 및 급여군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 인진쑥의 급여로 항산화 물질이 축적되어 흑우육의 색깔이 개선되고, 항산화력이 증가하는 효과가 있기 때문에 기능성 고품질 흑우육 생산을 위한 기능성 사료의 소재로서의 이용이 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2002

A metabolism trial with four castrated male Brahman cattle, average body weight 320 kg, was conducted in order to determine the nutritive value of chopped sugarcane stalk (CSS) for the establishment of feeding strategy in the dry season in Northeast Thailand. Animals were subjected to the following four dietary treatments: Treatment 1; 100% of CSS, Treatment 2; 70% of CSS and 30% of commercial complete feed (TMR), Treatment 3; 40% of CSS and 60% of TMR, and Treatment 4; 100% of TMR. The average CP, ether extracts, nitrogen free extracts, crude fiber and ash contents of CSS were 2.0, 0.9, 79.0, 16.1 and 2.2%, respectively. Although the amount of feed given was approximately at maintenance level, animals in treatments 1 and 2 refused a part of feed. The metabolism trial revealed that total digestible nutrient and metabolizable energy contents of CSS were 61.5% and 9.04 MJ/kgDM, respectively, when it was properly supplemented with protein sources. Nutritive value of CSS was lowered when animals were given CSS solely. This was due to the large loss of energy into urine and methane. Voluntary intake of CSS in cattle was not enough to satisfy energy requirement for maintenance. The CSS can be used as a roughage for feeding cattle in the dry season with proper supplementation of protein and energy.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.613-620
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed at studying the potential use of Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) as a protein source fodder to improve nutrients digestibility and ruminal fermentation efficiency in beef cattle. Methods: Four, Thai native beef cattle were randomly assigned in a 4×4 Latin square design. Four levels of Flemingia hay meal (FHM) were used to replace soybean meal (SBM) in the concentrate mixtures in four dietary treatments replacing levels at 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100% of SBM. Results: The experimental findings revealed that replacements did not effect on intake of rice straw, concentrate and total dry matter (DM) intake (p>0.05). However, the apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber were linearly increased up to 100% replacement levels. Moreover, the production of total volatile fatty acids, and propionate concentration were enhanced (p<0.05) whereas the concentration of acetate was reduced in all replacement groups. Consequently, the CH4 production was significantly lower when increasing levels of FHM for SBM (p<0.05). Furthermore, rumen bacterial population was additionally increased (p<0.05) while protozoal population was clearly decreased (p<0.05) in all replacement groups up to 100%. In addition, microbial nitrogen supply and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis were enhanced (p<0.05), as affected by FHM replacements. Conclusion: The findings under this experiment suggest that 100% FHM replacement in concentrate mixture enhanced rumen fermentation efficiency, nutrients digestibilities, bacterial population, microbial protein synthesis, and subsequently reduced CH4 production in beef cattle fed on rice straw.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2018

Smart livestock has been proposed as a solution to increase farmers' income and new recruitment of livestock farmers. In this paper, a standardization Plan of breeding management device and collected information for smart livestock cattle was proposed. l Sophisticatedly, basic information will be established for all six types of livestock breeding management device: military automatic feeder, calf automatic feeder, smart milk cooler, feed bin to be able to measure feed residue, smart scale, and biometric information collection device. The standardization, common use, and stabilization of major livestock management device and collected information were suggested to solve the problems caused by in existing breeding management device.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.215-221
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• 1996

In the marginal upland areas of East Java, Indonesia, ruminants provide farming households with tradable assets in addition to manure and draught power. Households are interested in acquiring ruminants at an early stage of household development. This paper discusses farmers' access to cattle via sharing arrangements. In these arrangements owners lend animals to other farmers in retum for a share of the offspring or the profits. Livestock owners only entrust cattle to households with prior experience in livestock keeping and sufficient labour. Details of the sharing contracts differ between villages. Changes in cattle numbers and ownership over time are attributed to patterns of the development of village agriculture and the economic development of farming households. Feed shortages in the dry season bring about short-term changes; cattle numbers decline and the proportion of households rearing shared cattle increases. The institution of sharing plays a major role in replenishing herds after periods of severe drought.