• 제목/요약/키워드: cation type

검색결과 275건 처리시간 0.022초

분산형캐티온염료/산성염료에 의한 CDP(cation dyeable polyester)/견 교편물의 염색에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Dyeing of CDP(cation dyeable polyester)/Silk Knitted Fabrics With Disperse Type Cation Dyes/Acid Dyes)

  • 성우경
    • 한국의류산업학회지
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    • 제13권5호
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    • pp.797-805
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    • 2011
  • This study was carried out to investigate dyeing characteristics of CDP(cation dyeable polyester)/silk knitted fabrics with disperse type cation dyes/acid dyes by one bath dyeing method in comparison with two bath dyeing method in the interests for rationalization of the dyeing process. The apparent color depth(K/S) of the disperse type cation dyes with CDP and that of acid dyes with silk decreased slowly with increasing pH values of dyebath with the exception of sharp decrease at alkali region for CDP. The contamination behavior of CDP by the acid dyes and that of silk by the disperse type cation dyes decreased with progressing of dyeing. The migration ratio(%) of the disperse type cation dyes with CDP is low compared with that of acid dyes with silk. The sediment in mixed dying solution of disperse type cation dyes and acid dyes remarkably less compared with that of regular type cation dyes and acid dyes at $100^{\circ}C$ regardless applying of preventer agent of precipitation. When CDP/silk knitted fabrics was dyed with by with mixtures of disperse type cation dyes/acid dyes one bath or two bath dyeing method, the characteristic of reflectance spectra of CDP components were greatly influenced by disperse type cation dyes and that of silk components by acid dyes. It was confirmed that K/S values of each components of CDP/silk knitted fabrics dyed by one bath dyeing method decreased slightly compared with two bath dyeing method.

Chloride diffusion in concrete associated with single, dual and multi cation types

  • Song, Zijian;Jiang, Linhua;Zhang, Ziming
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.53-66
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    • 2016
  • Currently, most of the investigations on chloride diffusion were based on the experiments and simulations concerning single cation type chlorides. Chloride diffusion associated with dual or multi cation types was rarely studied. In this paper, several groups of diffusion experiments are conducted using chloride solutions containing single, dual and multi cation types. A multi-ionic model is also proposed to simulate the chloride diffusion behavior in the experimental tests. The MATLAB software is used to numerically solve the nonlinear PDEs in the multi-ionic model. The experimental and simulated results show that the chloride diffusion behavior associated with different cation types is significantly different. When the single cation type chlorides are adopted, it is found that the bound rates of chloride ions combined with divalent cations are greater than those combined with monovalent cations. When the dual/multi cation type chlorides are adopted, the chloride bound rates increase with the $Ca^{2+}/Mg^{2+}$ percentage in the source solutions. This evidence indicates that the divalent cations would markedly enhance the chloride binding capacity and reduce the chloride diffusivity. Moreover, on the basis of the analysis, it is also found that the complicated cation types in source solutions are beneficial to reducing the chloride diffusivity.

Cation Flux-Mediated Activation of P-Type ATPase in Helicobacter pylori

  • Yun, Soon-Kyu;Ki, Mi-Ran;Park, Jeong-Kyu;Lim, Wang-Jin;Hwang, Se-Young
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.441-448
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    • 2000
  • The production and cation flux-mediated activation of the P-type ATPase in Helicobacter pylori was investigated. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the proton pump genotype of H. pylori was found to be positive for both F-type and P-type ATPases. Yet, their production in terms of enzyme specific activity varied substantially depending on H. pylori strains, ranging over 3-fold. Its main constituent appeared to be the P-type ATPase pool, in contrast to other common bacterial compositions. Interestingly, the F-type ATPase was observed only when intact H. pyloricells were exposed to pH 4.5 or above (37$^{\circ}C$ for 1 h). In contrast, significant amounts of the P-type ATPase still remained after 1 h of cell treatment even at pH below 4.5. By enriching the acidic medium with RPMI(pH 3.0), the P-type ATPase was stabilized, accompained by inactivation of the F-type ATPase. Using H. pylori membrane vesicles, it was found that ammionia-mediated cation flux increased the rate of ATP hydrolysis by the P-type ATPase. Accordingly, these data strongly suggest that the P-type ATPase is involved or functions as an effective regulator for the cation flux across the H. pylori membrane, thereby reducing the risk of excess proton influx.

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양이온 교환수지에 의한 암모니아성 질소 제거 (Ammonia Nitrogen Removal by Cation Exchange Resin)

  • 이동환;이민규
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.263-269
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to know the removal characteristics of ammonia nitrogen by commercially available cation exchange resins. Eight acidic cation exchange resins were investigated in batch reactors. Among them, the most effective resin for ammonia removal in solution was PK228, which was a strong acidic resin of $Na^{+}$ type. PK228 was compared with activated carbon and natural zeolite. The effects of cation exchange capacity, ammonia concentration, resin amount, temperature and pH on ammonia removal by PK228 were investigated in batch reactor, and the effect of effluent velocity in continuous column reactor. Strong acidic resins of porous type were more effective than week acidic resins or gel type resins for ammonia removal in solution. PK228 was more effective than activated carbon and natural zeolite for ammonia removal in batch reactor. With increasing initial ammonia concentration, the amount of ammonia removed by PK228 increased, but the proportion of removed ammonia to initial ammonia concentration decreased. The effect or temperature on ammonia removal by PK228 was very slight. The ammonia removal to acidic solution was more effective than that at basic solution. With decreasing effluent velocity of solution through column, breakthrough point extended, and ammonia removal capacity increased.d.

Kinetics and Equilibrium Isotherm Studies for the Aqueous Lithium Recovery by Various Type Ion Exchange Resins

  • Won, Yong Sun;You, Hae-na;Lee, Min-Gyu
    • 한국재료학회지
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    • 제26권9호
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    • pp.498-503
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    • 2016
  • The characteristics of aqueous lithium recovery by ion exchange were studied using three commercial cation exchange resins: CMP28 (porous type strong acid exchange resin), SCR-B (gel type strong acid exchange resin) and WK60L (porous type weak acid exchange resin). CMP28 was the most effective material for aqueous lithium recovery; its performance was even enhanced by modifying the cation with $K^+$. A comparison to $Na^+$ and $H^+$ form resins demonstrated that the performance enhancement is reciprocally related to the electronegativity of the cation form. Further kinetic and equilibrium isotherm studies with the $K^+$ form CMP28 showed that aqueous lithium recovery by ion exchange was well fitted with the pseudo-second-order rate equation and the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum ion exchange capacity of aqueous lithium recovery was found to be 14.28 mg/g and the optimal pH was in the region of 4-10.

알칼리/알칼리토금속 양이온을 치환한 Y형 및 ZSM-5 제올라이트의 NO 흡착 특성 (Adsorption Characteristics of Nitrogen Monoxide on Y-type and ZSM-5 Zeolites Exchanged with Alkali/Alkaline-earth Metal Cation)

  • 김철현;이창섭
    • 공업화학
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.857-864
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    • 2005
  • 탈알루미늄 및 알칼리/알칼리토금속 양이온으로 치환한 Y형 및 ZSM-5 제올라이트 촉매를 제조하였다. 전처리 후 Y형 및 ZSM-5 제올라이트의 Si/Al비는 증가하였고, bulk보다는 표면에서의 Si/Al비가 더 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 전처리에 의해 제조된 Y형 및 ZSM-5 제올라이트의 골격구조 파괴는 주로 탈알루미늄 처리과정에서 Al 이온의 탈리에 의한 것이며, framework이 감소하고 non-framework이 증가하였다. 이러한 현상은 스팀처리 시간이 많아질수록 증가하였고, 양이온으로 치환함에 따라 더욱 심화되었음을 알 수 있었다. NO-TPD 실험결과, 전처리된 Y형 및 ZSM-5 제올라이트는 탈착봉우리가 저온으로 이동하였다. 또한 스팀처리 시간이 많은 촉매물질일수록 탈착온도가 더 낮은 온도로 이동하였다. 촉매의 활성은 치환된 양이온, Si/Al 함량비 및 탈알루미늄으로 변화된 골격구조에서 framework과 non-framework의 비율에 의존하였다.

Polymer-Attached Triphenylamine 양이온 라디칼의 합성 (Synthesis of Polymer-Attached Triphenylamine Cation Radical)

  • 차기혁;진명종
    • 공업화학
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.438-442
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    • 1994
  • 매우 유용한 양이온 라디칼인 trlphenylaminium hexachloroantimonate가 불용성 폴리머체에 정량적으로 접합되어졌다. 그 폴리머 양이온 라디칼은 딜스-알더 반응형태의 이분자화 반응에 촉매로서 효과적이었으며 여러번 재사용 되어질 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

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전해산화에 의한 백금전극상 전도성 폴리아닐린 피막의 생장 거동(II) (Growth Behavial Couctive PolyanilineFilm on a Platinum Electrode by Electrochemical Oxidation (II))

  • 신성호;이주성
    • 한국표면공학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.95-102
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    • 1988
  • The anodic oxidation of aniline in aqueous sulfuric acid solution on a platinum was studied. To examine of mechanism of this reaction, the date were obtained during controlled potential electrolysis, aided by computer system. The reaction mechanism was assumed the electrochemical-chemical-electrochemical(ECE) mechanism. We obtained the result that the intial charge transfer step proceeds through a radical cation, and this radical cation were bound cation led to may type of dimer in which p-aminodiphenylamine was de-electronated again to give the polymer.

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Influence of Alkali Metal Cation Type on Ionization Characteristics of Carbohydrates in ESI-MS

  • Choi, Sung-Seen;Kim, Jong-Chul
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제30권9호
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    • pp.1996-2000
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    • 2009
  • Alkali metal salts were introduced to enhance the ionization efficiency of glucose and maltooligoses in electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). A mixture of the same moles of glucose, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose, and maltoheptaose was used. Salts of lithium, sodium, potassium, and cesium were employed as the cationizing agent. The ionization efficiency varied with the alkali metal cation types as well as the analyte sizes. Ion abundance distribution of the [M+$cation]^+$ ions of the carbohydrates varied with the fragmentor voltage. The maximum ion abundance at low fragmentor voltage was observed at maltose, while the maximum ion abundance at high fragmentor voltage shifted to maltotriose or maltotetraose for Na, K, and Cs. Variation of the ionization efficiency was explained with the hydrated cation size and the binding energy of the analyte and alkali metal cation.

$^{13}C-^{1}H$ Coupling Constant as a Criterion for the Presence of $\pi$ Bridging in Substituted 9-Benzonorbornenyl Cation

  • Gweon-Young Ryu;Jung-Hyu Shin
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.546-548
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    • 1993
  • The discrete structure of substituted 9-benzonorbornenyl cation 3a and 3c was studied using the empirical ${\Delta}$J equation which was developed by Kelly and coworker$^5$. The ${\Delta}$J values of substituted 9-benzonorbornenyl cations were obtained from p-methyl-6,7-dimethyl benzonorbornen-9-yl (3a) and 9-methyl-6,7-dimethyl benzonorbonen-9-yl (3c) cations under stable ion conditions, and were compared with those of the corresponding ketone analog; these cations were generated by dissolving the corresponding carbinols in superacid at -120$^{\circ}$C and the nmr spectra taken at -60$^{\circ}$C~-90$^{\circ}$C. The ${\Delta}$J values are 8.7 Hz for the bridgehead carbons in cation 3c and 3.1 Hz for cation 3b. The ${\Delta}$J values at C5,8 in fused benzene ring are 14.3 Hz for cation 3c and 8.7 Hz for cation 3a. The excellent correlation of the ${\Delta}$J values with 1$^9F$ chemical shifts of p-fluorophenyl-6,7-dimethylbenzonorbornenyl cation (3d) indicate that ${\Delta}$J value is a reliable probe to charge density at adjacent cationic carbon. These NMR parameters strongly support that the symmetrically ${\pi}$-bridged nonclassical structure (type 2) of substituted 9-benzonorbornenyl cations in stable ion conditions.