• 산업융합연구
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2020

이 연구는 초등학생 대상 파이썬 활용 교육의 효과를 메타분석을 통해 분석하기 위해 실시되었다. 연구를 위해 파이썬을 활용하여 교육을 실시한 후 효과에 관해 보고한 선행연구 논문 5편을 선정하여 분석하였다. 설정된 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 전체 효과크기는 무엇인가? 출판 여부, 종속변인 유형 등의 범주형 변인에 따른 효과크기는 무엇인가? 학년, 운영기간 등의 연속형 변인에 따른 효과크기는 무엇인가? 연구 결과로써 파이썬 활용 교육의 전체 효과크기는 중간 효과인 .598로 나타났다. 범주형 변수에 따라, 출판된 연구물의 효과크기가 학위 논문보다, 정의적 영역의 효과크기가 학업성취도, 인지적 영역 보다 효과크기가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 메타회귀분석 결과 교육 운영기간이 길수록, 프로그램 운영시간이 클수록 더 큰 효과가 나타났다. 마지막으로 논의 및 정의적 영역에 대한 질적 탐색, 프로그램 특징을 고려한 운영 등을 중심으로 제언을 제시하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권4호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2022

Background: The most consistently identified mortality determinants for the new coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection are aging, male sex, cardiovascular/respiratory diseases, and cancer. They were determined from heterogeneous cohorts that included patients with different disease severity and previous conditions. The main goal of this study was to determine if activities of daily living (ADL) dependence measured by Barthel's index could be a predictor for COVID-19 mortality. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with a consecutive sample of 340 COVID-19 patients representing patients from all over the northern region of Portugal from October 2020 to March 2021. Mortality risk factors were determined after controlling for demographics, ADL dependence, admission time, comorbidities, clinical manifestations, and delay-time for diagnosis. Central tendency measures were used to analyze continuous variables and absolute numbers (proportions) for categorical variables. For univariable analysis, we used t test, chi-square test, or Fisher exact test as appropriate (α=0.05). Multivariable analysis was performed using logistic regression. IBM SPSS version 27 statistical software was used for data analysis. Results: The cohort included 340 patients (55.3% females) with a mean age of 80.6±11.0 years. The mortality rate was 19.7%. Univariate analysis revealed that aging, ADL dependence, pneumonia, and dementia were associated with mortality and that dyslipidemia and obesity were associated with survival. In multivariable analysis, dyslipidemia (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.71) was independently associated with survival. Age ≥86 years (pooled OR, 2.239; 95% CI, 1.100-4.559), pneumonia (pooled OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.362-6.606), and ADL dependence (pooled OR, 6.296; 95% CI, 1.795-22.088) were significantly related to mortality (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve, 82.1%; p<0.001). Conclusion: ADL dependence, aging, and pneumonia are three main predictors for COVID-19 mortality in an elderly population.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2016

본 연구는 대학교수의 생애사를 고찰하여 대학교수에 대한 삶의 의미를 살펴봄으로써 유아기나 아동기 진로교육을 담당하는 부모나 교사들에게 진로정보를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 25년간의 교수경력을 가진 K교수를 대상으로 교수 자신의 목소리와 용어로 묘사하는 내부자적인 관점으로 생애사 연구방법으로 수행하였으며, K교수의 심층면담, 저서, 이메일, 전화면담을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 전사하여 컴퓨터로 폴더화하고 영역분석과 분류분석 단계를 거쳐 분석되었다. 분석 결과, K교수가 교수사회에 진입하게 된 동기와 계기에서는 피나는 노력과 가족의 지지, 수어지교의 만남이 있었던 것으로 나타났다. 또한 대학 진입이후에는 연구, 교육뿐만 아니라 보직교수로서 대학에서 핵심적 역할을 담당하였다. 정년 이후의 삶은 전문가와 실천가로서 사회공헌에 기여하고 있었다. 이와 같은 K교수의' 경험에서 교수역량에는 '끊임없는 노력과 부단한 자기혁신', '강인한 신념과 뚜렷한 소명의식', '따뜻한 인간애와 실천적 삶', '유연한 사고방식과 교육적 열정' 라는 의미가 도출되었다.

• 음성과학
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• 제1권
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• pp.153-200
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• 1997

In languages such as Japanese, it is very common to observe that short peripheral vowel are completely voiceless when surrounded by voiceless consonants. This phenomenon has been known as Montreal French, Shanghai Chinese, Greek, and Korean. Traditionally this phenomenon has been described as a phonological rule that either categorically deletes the vowel or changes the [+voice] feature of the vowel to [-voice]. This analysis was supported by Sawashima (1971) and Hirose (1971)'s observation that there are two distinct EMG patterns for voiced and devoiced vowel in Japanese. Close examination of the phonetic evidence based on acoustic data, however, shows that these phonological characterizations are not tenable (Jun & Beckman 1993, 1994). In this paper, we examined the vowel devoicing phenomenon in Korean using data from ENG fiberscopic and acoustic recorders of 100 sentences produced by one Korean speaker. The results show that there is variability in the 'degree of devoicing' in both acoustic and EMG signals, and in the patterns of glottal closing and opening across different devoiced tokens. There seems to be no categorical difference between devoiced and voiced tokens, for either EMG activity events or glottal patterns. All of these observations support the notion that vowel devoicing in Korean can not be described as the result of the application of a phonological rule. Rather, devoicing seems to be a highly variable 'phonetic' process, a more or less subtle variation in the specification of such phonetic metrics as degree and timing of glottal opening, or of associated subglottal pressure or intra-oral airflow associated with concurrent tone and stricture specifications. Some of token-pair comparisons are amenable to an explanation in terms of gestural overlap and undershoot. However, the effect of gestural timing on vocal fold state seems to be a highly nonlinear function of the interaction among specifications for the relative timing of glottal adduction and abduction gestures, of the amplitudes of the overlapped gestures, of aerodynamic conditions created by concurrent oral tonal gestures, and so on. In summary, to understand devoicing, it will be necessary to examine its effect on phonetic representation of events in many parts of the vocal tracts, and at many stages of the speech chain between the motor intent and the acoustic signal that reaches the hearer's ear.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 도로 위험 탐지를 위한 데이터 편향성 최적화 기반 연관 추론 모델을 제안한다. 이는 사용자의 개인적 특성과 주변 환경 데이터를 수집하고 교통사고 방지 서비스를 제공하기 위한 연관분석 기반의 마이닝 모델이다. 이는 다양한 상황 변수들로 구성된 트랜잭션 데이터를 생성한다. 생성된 정보를 바탕으로 연관 패턴 분석을 통해 각 트랜잭션 내 변수들의 유의미한 연관관계를 도출한다. 분류된 범주형 데이터의 편향성을 고려하여 최적화된 지지도 및 신뢰도 값으로 가지치기를 진행한다. 추출된 상위 연관규칙을 바탕으로 사용자에게 개인 특성과 주행 도로 상황에 대한 위험 탐지모델을 제공한다. 이는 데이터 편향성 문제를 극복하고 데이터간 연관성을 고려하여 잠재적인 도로 사고를 예방하는 교통 서비스가 가능하다. 성능 평가는 제안하는 방법이 정확도에서 0.778, Kappa 계수에서 0.743로 우수하게 평가된다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1077-1095
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• 2014

관찰연구를 이용하여 인과관계를 추론할 경우 무작위 통제시험과는 달리 교란변수로 인한 편향을 제어하기 위한 통계적 전략이 필요하다. 최근에는 성향점수(propensity score) 를 이용한 짝짓기나 원인변수의 역확률을 가중치로 사용하는 주변구조모형이 제안되어 사용되고 있다. 이러한 인과관계 추론은 처치(treatment)가 명확히 주어진 경우에 교란변수를 통제하고 그 처치가 결과에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 방법에 초점이 맞추어져 있다. 하지만 기존의 방법의 경우 원인변수인 처치가 직접관측이 가능한 범주형 변수이고 결과변수 또한 직접관측이 가능한 변수인 경우에만 사용할 수 있는 한계를 갖고 있다. 본 연구에서는 원인변수인 처치와 결과변수의 결괏값의 직접적인 관측이 어려운 경우, 측정오차를 고려한 잠재범주모형(latent class analysis)의 변수로 모형화 함으로써 잠재범주 간의 원인적 영향력을 추정하는 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 그리고 미국의 The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 자료를 이용하여, 약물사용의 잠재범주에 대한 청소년기의 비행(delinquency)이라는 잠재범주의 원인적 영향력을 추정하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

Objectives : Based on the analysis of Yin-Yang[음양] characteristics and symptoms, each person is classified into Yin-Yang. Also the validity of the result is statistically analized. Methods : From Feb. to May. 2003, the data were collected through a questionnaire given to 690 patients. The questionnaire was composed of 34 items which were about personality, habit, sweat, response to coldness, thirst, bowel, urine, physical shape, and menstruation for women only. SD(Semantic Differential Technique) used for each item, each item is measured as a contrast of two opposite symptoms. Reliability analysis was used to select items and categories. Based on means of items in each category the Yin-Yang index was developed. The validity of Yin-Yang index was investigated using classification and clustering analysis. In statistical analysis, SPSS V10.0.7 PC was used. Results : The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1) We constructed Yin-Yang index based on the middle point of the sum of categorical means. Then we classified each person into Yin or Yang. 2) To investigate the validity of the distribution of personal Yin-Yang degree, the crosstabulation of results from clustering and classification was used. The hit ratio for classification was much higher than Maximum Chance Criterion($C_{max}$), and concurrence in crosstabulation was successful. Therefore we can infer that the distribution of Yin-Yang was valid. Conclusions : Based on Yin-Yang characteristics and symptoms, we was analyzed personal degree of Yin-Yang, and confirmed the validity of its distribution. Therefore this index can be used further for Bian-Zheng [변증] and classification of the constitution.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.6033-6038
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• 2015

Background: Experience of lung cancer includes negative impacts on both physical and psychological health. Pain is one of the negative experiences of lung cancer. Cognitive behavioral therapy techniques are often recommended as treatments for lung cancer pain. The objective of this review was to synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy techniques in treating lung cancer pain. This review considered studies that included lung cancer patients who were required to 1) be at least 18 years old; 2) speak and read English or Thai; 3) have a life expectancy of at least two months; 4) experience daily cancer pain requiring an opioid medication; 5) have a positive response to opioid medication; 6) have "average or usual" pain between 4 and 7 on a scale of 0-10 for the day before the clinic visit or for a typical day; and 7) able to participate in a pain evaluation and treatment program. This review considered studies to examine interventions for use in treatment of pain in lung cancer patients, including: biofeedback, cognitive/attentional distraction, imagery, hypnosis, and meditation. Any randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined cognitive behavioral therapy techniques for pain specifically in lung cancer patients were included. In the absence of RCTs, quasi-experimental designs were reviewed for possible conclusion in a narrative summary. Outcome measures were pain intensity before and after cognitive behavioural therapy techniques. The search strategy aimed to find both published and unpublished literature. A three-step search was utilised by using identified keywords and text term. An initial limited search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken followed by analysis of the text words contained in the title and abstract, and of the index terms used to describe the article. A second search using all the identified keywords and index terms was then undertaken across all included databases. Thirdly, the reference list of all identified reports and articles were searched for additional studies. Searches were conducted during January 1991- March 2014 limited to English and Thai languages with no date restriction. Materials and Methods: All studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for methodological quality by three reviewers using a standardized critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Three reviewers extracted data independently, using a standardized data extraction tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Ideally for quantitative data meta-analysis was to be conducted where all results were subject to double data entry. Odds ratios (for categorical data) and weighted mean differences (for continuous data) and their 95% confidence intervals were to be calculated for analysis and heterogeneity was to be assessed using the standard Chi-square. Where statistical pooling was not possible the finding were be presented in narrative form. Results: There were no studies located that met the inclusion requirements of this review. There were also no text and opinion pieces that were specific to cognitive behavioral therapy techniques pain and lung cancer patients.Conclusions: There is currently no evidence available to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy techniques for pain in lung cancer patients.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2024

Purpose : The objective of this study was to determine the major factors influencing the onset of diabetes and prediabetes and for collection of the basic data required to reduce the prevalence of diabetes and plan for administration of an effective health care system. By classifying the level of blood sugar management according to three categories: normal, prediabetes, and diabetes diagnosis, and determining the causes of diabetes in consideration of various variables, we will conduct an analysis of the main factors to be addressed for effective management of blood sugar and for preparation of basic data for use in early management. Methods : In this study, an analysis of raw data from the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected over a period of three years from 2019 to 2021, including 8,110 subjects in 2019, 7,359 subjects in 2020, and 7,090 subjects in 2021 was performed. A total of 22,559 subjects were aged 19 years or older, and 15,821 subjects were classified as subjects for inclusion in the final analysis. In the analysis, categorical variables were tested for difference, analysis of continuous variables using regression was performed, and analysis of influencing factors was performed using multinomial logistic analysis. Result : Significant factors related to the onset of diabetes and prediabetes included age (p<.001), marital status (p<.001), occupation (p<.001), hypertension (p<.001), dyslipidemia (p<.001), cardiovascular disease (p=.008), alcohol (p=.030) smoking (p=.005), systolic blood pressure (p<.001), diastolic blood pressure (p<.001), body mass index (p<.001) and waist circumference (p=.037), blood triglycerides (p<.001), and blood cholesterol (p<.001). Conclusion : Diabetes, a complex disease affected by a variety of diseases, requires active management from the prediabetes stage, and providing an appropriate level of medical information and services to elderly individuals without family support is considered a long-term health care system requirement in Korean society where the demographic structure is changing. In particular, determining the causes of prediabetes and development of a preventive approach to administering the health care system will be important for efficient management of diabetic patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2014

Background Understanding risk factors that increase readmission rates may help enhance patient education and set system-wide expectations. We aimed to provide benchmark data on causes and predictors of readmission following inpatient plastic surgery. Methods The 2011 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset was reviewed for patients with both "Plastics" as their recorded surgical specialty and inpatient status. Readmission was tracked through the "Unplanned Readmission" variable. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared using chi-squared analysis and Student's t-tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis was used for identifying predictors of readmission. Results A total of 3,671 inpatient plastic surgery patients were included. The unplanned readmission rate was 7.11%. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (odds ratio [OR], 2.01; confidence interval [CI], 1.12- 3.60; P=0.020), previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (OR, 2.69; CI, 1.21-5.97; P=0.015), hypertension requiring medication (OR, 1.65; CI, 1.22-2.24; P<0.001), bleeding disorders (OR, 1.70; CI, 1.01-2.87; P=0.046), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 3 or 4 (OR, 1.57; CI, 1.15-2.15; P=0.004), and obesity (body mass index ${\geq}30$) (OR, 1.43; CI, 1.09-1.88, P=0.011) to be significant predictors of readmission. Conclusions Inpatient plastic surgery has an associated 7.11% unplanned readmission rate. History of COPD, previous PCI, hypertension, ASA class 3 or 4, bleeding disorders, and obesity all proved to be significant risk factors for readmission. These findings will help to benchmark inpatient readmission rates and manage patient and hospital system expectations.