• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.27-65
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• 2006

This study reviews the success cases of National Research&Development Projects such as TDX and CDMA projects at the catching-up stage and FTTH technology development project at the post catching-up stage. First, we investigate why the success model of national R&D projects at the catching-up stage failed to operate properly at the post catching-up stage, and then we propose improved policies for a successful national R&D project at the post-catching up stage. From the comparison of FTTH development case at the post catching-up with TDX and CDMA cases at the catching-up stage, we observed that at the catching-up stage 1) there are high uncertainties in technology development and it is very difficult to establish technology standards, 2) it is difficult to conduct government driven R&D and to develop a market for the technology developed, 3) it is difficult to share a vision among the participants in the H&D consortium, and 4) commercialization of the technology developed from the project was carried out by SMEs and venture businesses with little marketing capabilities. Also, we discuss the national level technology development strategies and the role of the government for a successful national research and develop project at the post catching-up stage.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.19-27
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• 2012

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.97-131
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• 2005

This paper has discussed several issues regarding the barriers and opportunities for technological catch-up by the late-comer countries and firms. As one of the barriers to technological catch-up, the paper emphasizes the uncertainty involved with the third stage of learning how to design. The barriers arise because as the forerunner firms refuse to sell or give license to successful catching-up firms who thus have to design the product by themselves. The paper discusses how to overcome this barrier. It also notes that if the crisis of design technology is a push factor for leapfrogging, arrival of new techno-economic paradigm can serve as a pull factor for leapfrogging, serving as a winder of opportunity. The, it emphasized the two risks with leapfrogging, namely the risk of choosing right technology or standards and the risk of creating initial markets, and how to overcome these risks. It discusses how to overcome these risks in leapfrogging, and differentiates diverse forms of knowledge accesses. Then, the paper takes up the issue of whether there can be a single common or several models for catch-up. A common element of catching-up is to enter new markets segments quickly, to manufacture with high levels of engineering excellence, and to be first-to-market by means of the best integrative designs. This observation is supported by the fact that Korea and Taiwan has achieved higher levels of technological capabilities in such sectors as featured by short cycle time of technology. The possibility of two alternative models for catch-up is also discussed in terms of the key difference between Korean and Taiwan, especially in the position toward the source of foreign knowledge and the paths taken toward the final goal of OBM. Taiwan followed the sequential steps of OEM, ODM and OBN, in collaboration or integration with the MNCs. Korean chaebols jumped from OEM directly to OBM even without consolidating design technology.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.1 s.54
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• pp.121-130
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• 2006

The key role of performance facilities is to provide the stage shape and stage system suitable for the purpose and the property of public performance. The purpose of this study is to draw comparison analysis about the stage construction and stage machine system of the specialty theater or the multiple purpose performance facilities. The progress of the research is as followings. 1. Investigation into literature and catching on physical composition in the performing facilities, 2. Analysis of the stage organization, items of performance, construction form of stage machine systems, conversion system of the analysis samples, 3. A suggestion of the standard model of stage by each scales, through the such continuous analysis. And it was founded that the relation of stage composition, production type, stage system and distribution, and also the basic data between each elements. On the basis of the results, this study proposes the data and the application methods in domestic performance space when we are setting up the plan of performance facilities.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.435-450
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• 2006

As technological capabilities have enhanced, the patterns of innovation activities of latecomer firms changed to post catch-up mode. The purpose of this research is to provide conceptual frameworks for post catch-up mode of innovation activities, based on the case study on Korean mobile phone industry. It presents the possibilities of architectural innovation of latecomer firms, which is stimulated by the co-operative innovation activities between component suppliers and users from the initial stage of final product development.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.27-39
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• 2014

The role of R&D center for technology commercialization can be categorized into three distinct stages: the first stage consists in developing industrial problem-solving capability; the second consists in catching up with industrialized economies developing creative imitations of imported technologies; and the third consists in acquiring advanced knowledge creation capability. Accordingly, the R&D center's organization should be aligned with this development strategy. This case study of Kazakhstan provide a managerial implication for the other developing countries. The first stage of development, which may be called the 'industrial problem solving stage,' the center will build the infrastructure in terms of both technology and human-resources. The second stage will involve building up 'knowledge capability' with a view to becoming a major industrial R&D hub in Central Eurasia. In the third stage, the center will create advanced knowledge as a 'world-class knowledge center'. In this regard, the evolution of the R&D center should be described according to the features of the center's services.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.4 s.72
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• pp.114-121
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• 2005

Railroad shunting movements connecting and disconnecting train sets are very susceptible to human errors since they depend on human decision-making and action procedure that are variable to situation to situation. Nevertheless, in the investigation of railroad accidents, all the accident causes related with human factors have merely been categorized as 'careless treatment' of the workers without any systematic approach of behavioral sciences or the analysis of human errors. In this research, therefore, 137 accident cases occurred during railroad shunting movements and 435 accident cases occurred during driving were analyzed with a special interest of human errors. According to results, the traditional accident investigation scheme used for last several decades did not seem to be appropriate for catching up true accident causes with respect to human errors. In addition, both signal men and locomotive drivers made many mistakes in judgement/action stage while the former mainly commit judgement tasks where as the latter mainly commit cognition tasks. Ant those tasks such as 'confirmation of signal and route', 'location check-up of connected train sets', and 'route identification for a shift of track' ranked highly for accident susceptibility.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.288-315
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• 2004

This paper has examined the leapfrogging thesis with the case of catch-up in digital TV by the Korean firms. Despite the disadvantages implied by the technological regime of digital TV and the risks facing early entrants in trajectory choice and initial market formation, the Korean firms had achieved a 'path-creating catch-up' in the sense they chose a different path from the Japanese forerunning firms. As they have been closely watching the technological trends and the standard setting process, there was less risk of choosing the right or wrong technological trajectory. Also, despite the lack of sufficient capability and core knowledge base, the Korean firms had some complementary asset, such as the experience of producing analogue TV, and were able to develop the prototype digital TV and the ASIC chips, given the accesses to the foreign knowledge via overseas R&D posts and acquisition of a foreign company. To secure the initial market size, the Korean targeted the US market from the beginning, and their sources for competitive advantages were the speedy setting up the production system for mass production of products at the initial stage. The initial failure of the Japanese firms and the success of the Korean firms do suggest that the period of paradigm shift, like this toward digital technology, can serve as a window of opportunity for late-comers while penalizing the forerunner.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.184-192
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• 1988

Anchovy, Engraulis Japonica were caught by scoop net with fishing lamp in the surrounding water of Cheju and Seogwipo, and their gathering depth, gathering effects, change of catch by the age of the moon and submarine illumination were investigated from May to August 1985. Fish finder (SR-385) and fishing lamp (1 Kw incandescent) were set up at one meter of starboard of scoop net and one meter ahead of the prow together with two meters above the water surface respectively. The submarine illumunation was measured at 2m interval to both vertical direction of 0~18m and horizontal direction of 0~12m form the standard point which is to be 0.1m depth right under the fishing lamp. The catch of anchovy by scoop net was almost $90\%$ of total amount during the early period and the late period in moon age while as low as $10\%$ only was cought during the middle period. The catching depth of anchovy shoals by scoop net with fishing lamp was approximately 2~5m and submarine illuminations were 20~42 Lux, 24~48 Lux in Cheju and Seogwipo respec lively. Submarine illumination which could be cought by scoop net with fishing lamp should be 7~12 times lighter than before gathering since the shoals swiming at 10~15m depth which is 1.7~7 Lux illumination made by 1 Kw. AC 100V incandescent lamp, a surface gathering lamp of 2m high above anchovy scoop net came up to 2~5m depth which is 20~42 Lux illumination. The catching depth of anchovy by scoop net was 2~3m and this could be increased to 4m even though the AC voltage was decreased from 100V to 80V at final fishing stage.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.222-223
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• 1997

By analyzing the successful innovation case of potato microtuber mass production technology, a representative case of technology-push type creative innovation in an imitation oriented research culture, this paper attempts to figure out conceptual model of creative innovation that is initiated by the public laboratories in catching-up country, Stages of creative innovation can be divided into the internal R&D stage and the external commercialization stage. Success of the internal R&D stage depended on autonomy to secure creative research idea and commitment of individual researchers. Psychological pressure evoked from sportlights of mass media and commitment of sponsor increased the intensity of research efforts of the researcher Recognition of research problem and its significance was intensified by site visits of agricultural fields, and the recognized higher impacts of expected research results and knowledge creation achieved were a fundamental source of self-motivation. In the stage of commercialization stage, various legal, socio-economic, and psychological barriers were confronted. In a catching-up country lacking of experiences of creative innovation, creative innovation process can be regarded as a barrier elimination and cultural revolution process. Among the barriers, psychological refusal of farmers to corn-sized potato seeds was critical, which finally enforced to further researches to enlarge the size of potato seeds. In addition, the researcher has concentrated his research efforts in one specialized research area by getting a series of similar research project funds rather than diversification. It was lucky for him to have a chance to carry out a series of similar researches in one research area during the last 10 years. In getting research funds from government and private companies continuously in one research area, both internal and external promoters played significant roles.