• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.693-698
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• 2010

In port and its approach channel, traffic accidents such as collision, aground, minor collision have reached about 77% of total marine casualty in the area. In this paper, an attempt to enhance the safe navigation was proposed by offering marine traffic supporting system which helps VTS operator assist vessel effectively with the quantitative assessment on difficulty of each vessel. The system collects navigation data from onboard AIS, assesses the data in assessment mode to analyze the navigation difficulties of each vessel and displays the degree of danger of each vessel on the ECDIS in real-time to decide the intervention time or order of priority for VTS operator. The effectiveness of the system was verified by the VTS operators in Korea.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.381-388
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• 2002

It has been pointed out that the classical credibility model used in Korea since the beginning of 1990's lacks in objectiveness. Recently, in order to improve objectiveness, the empirical Bayes credibility model utilizing general exposure units like the number of claims and premium has been employed, but that model itself is not quite applicable in the country like Korea whose annual and classified empirical data are not well accumulated and even varied severely. In this article, we propose a new and better model, Based on the new model, we estimate both credibility and loss ratio of each class for fire insurance plans by Korean insurance companies. As a conclusion, we empirically make sure analysis that the number of claims is a more reasonable exposure unit than premium.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.179-183
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the level of medical care required for mass-gatherings and to describe the types of illness and injury that may occur during demonstrations. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records for patients injured during demonstrations. Results: From May to August at 2008, a total of 932,000 participants attended demonstrations. Most patients were occurred from June to July, a total of 126 patients were evaluated and treated at the emergency center of our hospital. The mean patient age was $31.8{\pm}9.8$ years, and men predominated over women. The vast majority of patients were experienced trauma (88.9%). The diagnostic categories were contusion (49.2%), laceration (20.6%), fracture (6.3%), syncope/dizziness (5.5%), ocular injuries (3.9%), dyspnea (3.9%), other trauma (3.1%), and abdominal complaints (1.5%). Two patients were admitted. Conclusion: The rate and the acuity of patients seen at these demonstrations was low. Nevertheless, a full on-site physician and transportation system is recommended during similar incidents.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.35-39
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• 2004

A review of accidents involving farm machinery, which occurred in Korea during 2002, shows that $90.7\%$ of farm-work accidents and $9.3\%$ of traffic accidents were linked to agricultural machinery. The frequency of accidents per annum amounts to 72.2 out of 10,000 vehicles, $94.4\%$ of which relates to tillers and tractors. An analysis of the causes of the accidents revealed that $49.1\%$ of farm-work accidents were due to the tiller driver's fault or error. In the case of traffic accidents, $83\%$ of farm machinery mishaps were found to be due to violation of traffic regulations while $60.4\%$ of the farm machinery damage resulted from faulty driving or lack of safe driving practices. The average casualty count of farm machinery-related accidents is 1.39 persons per case, which consist of 0.07 deaths, 0.74 serious injuries, and 0.58 slight injuries.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.9-14
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• 2020

A forklift accident occurs in the logisitcs center. there are many kinds of accidents such as a casualty accident or a minor accident, etc. there are many other causes of accident, including poor visibility and habitual operational mistakes The result of the accident is the phenomenon of cutting, falling, scratching of the product. In the case of minor accidents, workers do not report accidents, so the occurrence of accidents is unknown. The customer receives the goods and then notifies them that they are defective product. After the product is returned, we can see that the forklift accident caused the problem of the product The result of the late response affects the image of the enterprise. In this study, we recognized the need for safety education to prevent accidents and found out which of the education items could raise awareness of safety. As result of the study, disinfection and forklift maneuverability regarding speed were mentioned as the most important items in education.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1524-1530
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• 2008

Generally a road vehicle's wrong entry into level crossing gives rise to hazardous events, the eventual collision with a approaching train depends on the effective operation of safety barriers such a abnormal condition detecting or emergency braking. In this paper, the risk assessment models developed for the level-crossing accidents will be introduced. The definition of hazardous events and the related hazardous factors are identified by the review of the accident history and engineering interpretation of the accident behavior. A probability of the hazardous events will be evaluated by the FTA, which is based on the accident scenario. For the severity estimation, the critical factors which can effect on the consequence will be reviewed during the ETA. Finally, the number of casualty for the public(vehicle drivers) and the train passengers are converted into an equivalent fatality.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.45
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• pp.3-31
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• 2010

The passing of property in goods affects contractual rights and duties. It is the point on which depend issues as diverse as the seller's entitlement to sue for the price and the incidence of risk of loss of casualty to the goods. The passing of property may also have an incidental effect on the remedies of the parties, including specific performance. But Incoterms do not deal with how the goods should reach the agreed point of delivery. While Incoterms specifically deal with questions of division of risk of loss of or damage to the goods between seller and buyer, they do not deal with property or transfer of title of the goods. Indeed, it was not even possible to agree on uniform rules on these questions in the CISG. Therefore, the parties to a contract of sale should provide for these matters themselves in the contract of sale and closely observe what the applicable law requires for the transfer of ownership to the goods and other property rights.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.265-268
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the casual relationship among Housing Transaction Index, Jeonse Rental Index and Interest Rate. To analyze the influence of interest rate in more detail, CD Interest rate and Spread are used as variables. Granger Casualty Test is used as a analysis tool, As a result, Spread is the cause variable of the Housing Transaction Index and the Housing Transaction Index is the cause variable of the CD Interest Rate. And also, CD Interest rate influences the Jeonse Rental Index and the Jeonse Rental Index has influence on the other variables.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.115-119
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 선박관리회사에서 관리하는 선박의 운항사고를 사전에 예측하여 사고를 미연에 예방 또는 저감하고, 사고 발생시에는 신속 대처하여 사고결과 발생되는 손실을 최소화하기 위한 운항사고 예측 시스템을 개발하는데 있다. 이러한 운항사고 예측 시스템을 개발하기 위해서는 과거 문서로 작성된 사건을 숫자로 변환시킨 수량화 데이터 제작이 우선 필요하다. 수량화 데이터를 이용하면 통계기법을 적용하여 다양한 사건 사이에 숨어 있는 기본적인 요소를 축출할 수 있고, 이러한 요소 사이의 상관관계를 통하여 사고발생 수준을 숫자로 표시할 수 있기 때문에 사전에 해당 위험정도를 알 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 운항사고 예측 시스템 개발의 초보단계로서, 과거 사건기록을 수량화 데이터로 변환하기 위한 절차와 결과를 기술하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.266-273
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• 2015

Keeping in mind that there are only limited social, economic and administrative resources for reducing marine casualties, the result of statistical survey showed the loopholes of safe maritime transport system, and rendered that most casualties occurred in coastal waters by human errors. When the IMO Marine Casualty Investigation Code was utilized to reveal any structural vulnerability of the international measures, IMO was required to expand its roles to enhance the interface between Liveware and Environment of SHEL model. So, several risk assessment models were studied and found that Maritime Safety Audit System of the Republic of Korea could be a good example of enhancing safe interface between navigators (Liveware) and the navigational circumstances (Environment). It could be dealt with at IMO level as a tool for applying at human error enforcing waters. International cooperative research for upgrading risk assessment modes should also be future terms of reference.