• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6539-6540
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• 2012

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2005

이 연구는 거세가 제주 수말 비육시 성장 및 육질에 미치는 영향을 구영하기 위해 수행되었다. 24필(16-20개월령 )의 제주마를 12두씩 대조구(비거세)와 거세구에 3반복 (반복 당 4두)으로 배치하여 380일 동안 비육 시험을 실시하였다. 건초와 물은 자유급식 시켰고, 농후사료는 초기 260일 동안 체중의 1.25%, 후기 120 일 동안은 체중의 1.5% 급여하였다. 일당증체량과 사료섭취량은 처리 간 차이가 없었다. 등심단면적은 거세시 다소 증가되었고(P < 0.05), 근내지방도도 유의적 차이는 없었지만(P=0.08) 거세에 의해서 개선되는 경향을 보 였다{2.10 vs 1.59). 거세에 의해서 말고기 등심의 조지방 힘량은 증가된(P < 0.01) 반면, 수분과 조단백질 함량 은 감소되는 경향을 보였다 등심의 육색, pH, 가열감량 및 보수력은 거세 유무에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았 으나， 전단력은 거세구가 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다(5.2vs 6.4 kg / 1.0-cm diameter core). 말고기 관능평가 에서는 거세구가 비거세에 비해 다즙성 연도 및 향미에서 개선된 경향을 보였다. 이 연구 결과, 제주마를 거 세 비육함으로써 근내지방도를 증가시켜 말고기의 육질을 개선시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.417-421
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• 1999

To establish the electroacupuncture anesthesia for experimental animal, 5 adult rabbits (Newzealand-white species) and 6 rats (Spraque-dawley) were examined. The acupoints used for electroacupuncture anesthesia were Tian-ping and Bai-hui. After perpendicular insertion of needle to the acupoints, positive electrode was connected at Tian-ping and negative electrode was connected at Bai-hui using veterinary electroacupuncture anesthesia apparatus, respectively. Electric conditions were 2~3 V and 30 Hz in rabbits, and 1.5~2 V and 30 Hz in rats, respectively. To examine the effect of electroacupuncture anesthesia, laparotomy (2 heads), castration (2 heads) and ovariohysterectomy (1 head) were applied in rabbits, and laparotomy (5 heads) and castration (1 head) were peformed in rats, respectively. The induction time of electroacupuncture anesthesia was very rapid and approximately 1 minute, and pain of body surface including the extremities was not detected in rabbits and rats. As for the reactions with electroacupuncture anesthesia, consciousness was vivid, blepharoreaction was not observed and the tail was up at early stage but was down afterwards in rabbits. The same findings except cotinuous lifting of the tail were observed in rats. The pain was not observed during incision and suture, bleeding was comparatively small volume and the class of anesthesia effect was excellent.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.101-102
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• 2002

It has been reported that the incidence of liver cancer in human is markedly sex-differentiated, with a much higher frequency in men than in women. In experimental animals, male have higher incidence of liver tumor than female in carcinogen-induced tumors as well as spontaneous tumors.(omitted)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3443-3446
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to determine predictive factors for neutropenia after docetaxel-based systemic chemotherapy in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The study included 40 Korean CRPC patients who were treated with several cycles of docetaxel plus prednisolone from May 2005 to May 2012. Patients were evaluated for neutropenia risk factors and for the incidence of neutropenia. In this study, nine out of forty patients (22.5%) developed neutropenia during the first cycle of docetaxel-based systemic chemotherapy. Four experienced grade 2, three grade 3, and one grade 4 neutropenia. Multivariate analysis showed that pretreatment white blood cell (WBC) count (p=0.042), pretreatment neutrophil count (p=0.015), pretreatment serum creatinine level (p=0.027), and pretreatment serum albumin level (p=0.017) were significant predictive factors for neutropenia. In conclusion, pretreatment WBC counts, neutrophil counts, serum creatinine levels, and serum albumin levels proved to be significant independent risk factors for the development of neutropenia induced by docetaxel-based systemic chemotherapy in patients with CRPC.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.311-314
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• 2001

To elucidate the effect of dorsal acupoints for canine electroacupuncture anesthesia, mongrel dogs(6 heads: 2.6-10.5kg, 3 males and 3 females) were used. After needling perpendicularly to Tian-Ping(GV-5) and Bai-Hui(GV-20), the electrodes were connected with positive to Tian-Ping and negative to Bi-hui, respectively using with veterinary electroacupuncture apparatus(TEC AM-3000). The electric conditions were 2-4V and 30 Hz. The pain of body surface was checked by hemostatic forceps. The effect of electroacupuncture andesthesia was appreciated by application of laparotomy(2 heads), ear trimming and tail amputation(1 head), castration(2 heads) and enterotomy(1 head), respectively. Induction time, clinical findings and operation findings were investigated under the electroacupuncture anesthesia. The induction time of electroacupuncture anesthesia was very rapid, approximately 1 minute and the pain of body surface including the extremities was not detected. As for clinical findings during electroacupuncture anesthesia, consciousness was evident, pupil reflex was weak and blepharoreaction was existed. As for operation findings, pain was not detected during incision and suture, and bleeding was relatively small volume. The grade of electroacupuncture anesthesia was excellent in all cases applied with ear trimming and tail amputation, laparatomy, castration and enterotomy. Considering above all findings, it was thought that electroacupuncture stimulation at Tian-Ping and Bai-hui examined in the present study induced excellent electroacupuncture anesthesia for dogs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권19호
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• pp.8177-8182
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• 2014

Background: Blocking angiogenesis by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway to inhibit tumor growth has proven to be successful in treating a variety of different metastatic tumor types, including kidney, colon, ovarian, and lung cancers, but its role in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is still unknown. We here aimed to determine the efficacy and toxicities of anti-VEGF agents in patients with CRPC. Materials and Methods: The databases of PubMed, Web of Science and abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology up to March 31, 2014 were searched for relevant articles. Pooled estimates of the objective response rate (ORR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate (decline ${\geq}50%$) were calculated using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2.2.064) software. Median weighted progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) time for anti-VEGF monotherapy and anti-VEGF-based doublets were compared by two-sided Student's t test. Results: A total of 3,841 patients from 19 prospective studies (4 randomized controlled trials and 15 prospective nonrandomized cohort studies) were included for analysis. The pooled ORR was 12.4% with a higher response rate of 26.4% (95%CI, 13.6-44.9%) for anti-VEGF-based combinations vs. 6.7% (95%CI, 3.5-12.7%) for anti-VEGF alone (p=0.004). Similarly, the pooled PSA response rate was 32.4% with a higher PSA response rate of 52.8% (95%CI: 40.2-65.1%) for anti-VEGF-based combinations vs. 7.3% (95%CI, 3.6-14.2%) for anti-VEGF alone (p<0.001). Median PFS and OS were 6.9 and 22.1 months with weighted median PFS of 5.6 vs. 6.9 months (p<0.001) and weighted median OS of 13.1 vs. 22.1 months (p<0.001) for anti-VEGF monotherapy vs. anti-VEGF-based doublets. Conclusions: With available evidence, this pooled analysis indicates that anti-VEGF monotherapy has a modest effect in patients with CRPC, and clinical benefits gained from anti-VEGF-based doublets appear greater than anti-VEGF monotherapy.

• 한국수의병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수의병리학회 2002년도 추계학술대회초록집
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• pp.149-149
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• 2002

Epidemiologically the incidence of liver cancer is markedly sex-differentiated, with a much higher frequency in men than in women. In experimental animals, it is also higher in male than in female irrespective of carcinogen-induced or spontaneous tumors. Therefore, we tried to investigate the modulating effects of sex hormones in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. For induction of liver tumors, mini-osmotic pump containing diethylnitrosamine at a dose level of 47.5mg was implanted into the peritoneal cavity of the rat at 6 weeks old. To remove the effects of male sex hormones, the animals of group 2 were castrated one week prior to DEN treatment. To see the effects of estrogen, pellet containing 1g or 10g of estradiol-3-benzoate was infused subcutaneously to the animals of group 3 and 4 one week prior to DEN treatment. The pellets were exchanged every 4 weeks until sacrifice. All animals were sacrificed at 26 weeks after DEN treatment. The tumor incidences in group 1 (DEN alone), group 2 (DEN +castration), group 3(DEN +EB 1g) and group 4 (DEN +EB 10g) were 100％ (15/15), 93.3％ (14/15), 85.7％ (12/14) and 66.7％ (10/15), respectively, showing that the value of group 4 is significantly different from that of group 1. Tumor multiplicity data of group 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 5.470.73, 2.800.51, 2.070.41 and 1.670.46, respectively, showing castration or EB treatment reduced number of liver tumors significantly (P<0.001). With immunohistochemistry and Western blotting of ER the expressions were detected in normal adjacent liver cells but decreased or lost in tumor cells. From these results we conclude that female sex hormone, especially estrogen, may act as a liver tumor suppressor, and it seemed that the down regulation of ER may be associated with liver tumor development.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.330-336
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• 2013

"The Act on Medication Treatment of Sexual Impulse of Sex Offenders" known as chemical castration has been effective since July 2011 in Korea. According to the law, monitoring of male sex hormone in urine is enforced to request National Forensic Service more than once a month after injection of medicine designed to reduce sex impulse. We established a rapid and sensitive method for the monitoring of testosterone (T) and epitestosterone (E) in human urine by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Three mL of urine was pretreated by solid-phase extraction for purification and performed enzymatic hydrolysis. The pretreated samples were extracted twice with 2 ml of ethyl acetate and n-hexane (2 : 3). The separation was applied on Thermo Hypersil GOLD C18 column ($1.9{\mu}m$, $100{\times}2.1mm$). A gradient elution of methanol and water of 0.1% formic acid were used as mobile phase and the retention time was less than 10 min. LC-MS/MS system coupled with an electrospray ionization source was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The transitions of the analytes executed as following: m/z $289{\rightarrow}97$, 109 for T and E, m/z $292{\rightarrow}109$ for $T-d_3$ and $E-d_3$ as internal standards. The validation results of the method were satisfactory. The limits of detection were 0.05 ng/ml and the limits of quantification were 0.1 ng/ml. This method was successfully applied to real human urine sample. The developed method will be useful for monitoring T/E ratio in urine of sex offenders.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2007

Objective : Although chronic non-bacterial prostatitis is a common disease, it is very difficult to treat effectively. Toosendan fructus(TOF) has been traditionally used in treatment of abdominal pain and parasite. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and action mechanism of Toosendan fructus (TOF) in the rat model of non-bacterial prostatitis induced by castration and testosterone treatment. Method : Eight-month-old rats were treated with $17{\beta}$-estradiol after castration for induction of experimental non-bacterial prostatitis, which is similar to human chronic prostatitis in histophatological profiles. Toosendan fructus(TOF) and testosterone were administered as an experimental specimen and a positive control, respectively. The prostates were evaluated by histopahological parameters including the epithelial score and epithelio-stromal ratio for glandular damage. Also, the prostates were observed by hematological alterations of WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet. Results : While prostates of control rats revealed severe acinar gland atrophy and stromal proliferation, the rats treated with Toosendan fructus(TOF) showed a diminished range of the tissue damage. Epithelial score was improved in Toosendan fructus(TOF) than that of the control. The epithelio-stromal ratio was lower in Toosendan fructus(TOF) when compared to that of the control. Also, the examination of bloods were not observed hematological change. Conclusions : These findings suggest that Toosendan fructus(TOF) may protect the glandular epithelial cells and may take hematological safety. We concluded that Toosendan fructus(TOF) may could be a useful remedy agents for treating the chronic non-bacterial prostatitis.