• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.257-260
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• 2001

The primary objective of Supply Chain Management (SCM) is to optimize the cash, material and information flow considering all components of Supply Chain (SC) . The plan, established for achieving such objective, is called Supply Chain Planning (SCP) . This SCP gives each SC component specific volume or operation task, should be done in specific due date, for optimizing SC. In detail, the degree of accomplishment for SCP, depends on the SCP achievement of each SC components, is very close to successful SCM. However, this achievement is affected by uncertainties about time and volume. In general, reliability concepts means the probability that a product or system will perform its specified function under prescribed conditions without failure for a specified period of time. Therefore, the concept of Supply Chain Reliability (SCR) and an analytic methodology to calculate the degree of achievement SCP using reliability concept are proposed in this paper. SCR means that the degree of achievement for SCP considering all SC components in due date. SCR can be used to measure the performance of whole supply chain and indicate the direction of SCP.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시스템다이내믹스학회 2000년도 학술대회발표논문집
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• pp.29-37
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• 2000

In this paper an attempt is made to understand contribution factors in the field of electronic commerce(EC). To do that, we adopt and modify an existing commerce model. The following two major conclusions are drawn from our simulation. Most of all, the diminution of information delay introduce monotonous growth rather than fluctuation of EC market. The stable increase of revenue or market scale makes us decide the employment or capacity scale quickly. Second, for favorable and continuous evolution of EC, utilization system of electronic money should be established steadily. The following findings strongly support our claim: We found full oscillation of EC market when electronic money system didn't established well. On the contrary, if electronic money system could provide fast cash flow and fully trustful function, decisions of company or consumer would be executed promptly.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제12권19호
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• pp.67-72
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• 1989

This paper concerns with the decision maker has the job of forecasting capital investments and operating expenses to aid the decision making in choosing and evaluating present annual and future alternatives. The cost estimating function eventually analysis, evaluates and choose the alternatives. And also, the marginal analysis performed originally from a preliminary design of some sort, and eventually plans are made to investigate investment possibilities. This paper provide the discounted net cash flows and the present, annual and future worth methods. In despite of any choice for an analytical methods, there remains the problems of predicting and assessments certain future events. Therefore, these models dealing with the optimal plant sizing, equipments replacement, and lease or buy will be discussed.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.217-230
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop the Generalized Depreciation Function (GDF) and Winfrey Depreciation Function (WDF) by reviewing methods for the depreciation accountings. The Depreciation Accounting Models (DAM), including straight-line model, declining-balance model, sum-of-the-year-digit model and sinking fund model presented in this paper, are reclassified into the charging pattern of increasing type, decreasing type and constant type. This paper also discusses the development of the GDFs based on convex type, concave type and constant type according to the demand pattern of product, frequency of plant usage, deterioration of time, relative inadequacy, Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operating Expenditure (OPEX) of the Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The WDFs presented in this paper depict a sudden degradation of plant performance by measuring the change of TPM activity at the midpoint of useful life of asset. The WDFs are classified into left-modal type, symmetrical type and right-modal type by varying the value of skewness and kurtosis. Moreover, three increasing patterns, such as convex, concave and linear types, are used in this paper to present the distinct identification of WFDs by using Instantaneous Depreciation Rate (IDR) in terms of Performance Depreciation Function (PDF) and Depreciation Density Function (DDF). In order to have better understanding of depreciation models, the numerical examples are used for evaluating the Net Operating Less Adjusted Tax (NOPLAT) and Economic Value Added (EVA). It is concluded that the depreciation models showing a large dispersion of EVA require the adjustment of NOPLAT and Invested Capital (IC) based on the objective cash basis and net operating activity for reducing the variation of EVA.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제15D권1호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2008

상거래 활동에서 전자상거래가 차지하는 비중과 다양성이 높아 질수록 기존의 단순한 지불결제 수단에서 가치를 저장, 부여, 이전할 수 있는 새로운 형태의 지불결제 및 금융형태가 절실히 요구되고 있다. 사이버뱅크 시스템은 이러한 요구에 가장 가까운 대안으로 주목 받고 있다. 그러나 현존의 사이버뱅크 시스템은 기존은행이 사용하는 업무 프로세스를 그대로 적용하여 운영함으로, 사이버뱅크를 위한 초기 설비투자 비용이 크고, 운영, 관리 등에서 어려움이 있다. 그리고 판매자와 구매자 간의 논스톱 직접 지불결제 방식이 아닌 기존의 신용카드 방식을 사용 함으로서 가치의 저장, 부여, 이전의 기능을 충분히 사용하지 못하여 별도의 대금정산 절차가 추가적으로 필요하다. 그래서 인터넷 상에서 현금지불 기능을 할 수가 없는 등의 문제가 있다. 본 논문은 상기의 문제에 대응하기 위해 (1) 사이버뱅크용 인프라 소프트웨어 개발에 필요한 통합업무 프로세스(OPOI)를 새로이 제안하고, (2) 인터넷상에서의 전자상거래에 적용될 지불결제시스템의 새로운 업무프로세스를 제안한다. 또한 이들을 기반으로한 (3) 새로운 사이버뱅크용 지불결제시스템을 설계, 구현한다. 이를 통해 기존의 사이버뱅크 시스템이 갖는 문제점을 해결하고 차세대의 발전된 지불결제수단으로서의 사이버뱅크의 가능성을 제시한다. 본 제안시스템은 실제 구현하여 그 유효성을 확인하고 있다.

• 경제분석
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.70-119
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• 2021

본고는 김정은 집권 이후 추진된 금융부문에서의 개혁조치에 주목하여 그 변화의 내용을 북한 문헌을 중심으로 분석하고 개혁수준을 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 김정은 집권 이후 북한은 중앙은행과 상업은행이 조직적·기능적으로 분리된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기업은 은행계좌에서의 현금 인출 및 기업간 현금결제가 허용되는 등 종전의 무현금 화폐가 수동적 화폐(passive money)에서 구매력이 있는 능동적 화폐(active money)로 일부 기능할 수 있게 되었다. 중앙은행과 상업은행이 조직적·기능적으로 분리됨에 따라 중앙은행의 발권이 상업은행을 통한 화폐공급 방식으로 변화되었으며, 화폐유통구조의 변화도 함께 이루어져 상업은행의 신용창조 기능이 구현될 수 있게 되었다. 종합해보면, 사회주의계획경제의 은행 및 화폐·지급결제제도가 시장경제의 방식으로 변화되고 있음을 의미한다. 금융부문에서의 개혁은 제반 경제제도 변화를 뒷받침하고 공금융의 기능 회복을 위해 필요했던 것으로서 개혁수준의 측면에서는 진일보한 것이나, 아직 그 수준은 사회주의 체제 내에서의 변화인 과거 구소련의 페레스트로이카 시기 또는 중국의 개혁개방 초기와 유사한 것으로 평가된다. 북한의 금융개혁은 법제정 측면에서는 구소련 및 중국의 개혁 수준보다 우수하지만, 상업은행의 기능 구현 측면에서는 미흡하다. 또한, 계획경제가 유지되는 제도적 제약요인과 공금융에 대한 신뢰 결여 등은 변화된 금융제도의 실효성 및 발전성을 제한할 것으로 보인다. 본고의 분석결과는 북한에서 발간된 문헌에 기초하고 있다는 점에 유의할 필요가 있다. 즉, 최근의 변화가 김정은 집권 이후의 청사진으로 일부 지역에서 시범적으로 추진된 것인지, 전면적으로 추진되고 있는지에 대한 실상은 설명하지 못한다는 한계가 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2007

정보통신기술의 발전은 인터넷뱅킹과 e-business의 활성화를 가져왔고 그 매체로써의 스마트카드는 전자서명 인증관리센터의 사용자인증용으로 전자화폐, 교통카드, 출입카드 등으로 널리 보급되어 보편화되고 있다. 정보통신 공중망을 이용하는 분야에서는 스마트카드에 대한 보안과 카드 소지자의 프라이버시 보호가 매우 중요하다. 스마트카드 보안의 핵심은 사용자 인증으로 스마트카드에 대한 안전한 사용이다. 프라이버시 보호를 위한 익명성 보장과 가용성을 위한 서비스거부공격에 대한 대책이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 Hwang-Li's, Sun's, L-H-Y scheme을 분석한 다음 일회용 해시함수를 사용하여 세션마다 안전하게 패스워드 확인자를 변경하고 익명성과 서비스거부공격에 안전한 보다 효율적인 새로운 스마트카드 인증 프로토콜을 제안한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2023

Purpose: In a situation where the local economy and alley economy are stagnant, efforts to revitalize the role of small business owners need a virtuous cycle system through consumers' consumption power, not just cash support. Research design, data, and methodology: The study site focuses on Daedeok-gu, the first to introduce local currency as a policy. In the case of the store survey, 254 stores out of 300 stores registered with local currency were analyzed, and the consumer survey was conducted on 1,394 out of 1,500 local people using local currency. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS. Result: As a result of time-series checking whether local economic activities are carried out smoothly due to the nature of the local currency, the average daily sales of Daedeok-gu increased by 388,980won compared to 2019. This proved through empirical research in the region that local currency played a priming role in bringing opportunities and rehabilitation to the local commercial districts and small business owners. Conclusions: In the monetary function of simply buying and selling value through payment, points supported as incentives can be used as local currency while inducing direct participation in solving social problems, and the concurrent effect of causing problem-solving and regional economic vitality began to sprout.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2023

The focus of this research is the practice of journalism in relation to the Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship (JFPP) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Journalists and curators who are participants in the Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship received fundings from the state. The Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship is a unique model because it is the only one in the world in journalism practice that involves state's financial assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. These fundings from the state for the media lead to dilemmas and controversies. This research uses a qualitative approach and a single holistic case study method. The Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship was held from May to December 2021, involving 7,276 journalists from 857 media (print, television, radio, and online media) and 26 curators. This study found that during the Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship, journalism experienced a crisis and lost its function as a control overpower. Giving cash to journalists and curators during the fellowship makes journalism lose its independence and objectivity. The Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship has degraded or eliminated the function of the press as a watchdog. Incentives for journalists while participating in the Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship is a long-term investment by the government to co-opt Indonesian media and journalists in the future. On the other hand, the Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship raises another aspect; the crisis of journalism. Journalism work produced in the Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship does not reflect the values and principles of journalism. Journalism values, such as independence and impartiality, are absent from the Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship product.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.19-45
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• 2003

The main issues addressed in this paper are as follows : First, this paper makes a distinction among types of e-money, IC card type versus Network type, open-loop type versus closed-loop type, online type versus offline type and accountable type versus unaccountable type, and analysis the clear and accurate criterion. Second, generally speaking, e-money is a claim on originator of e-money and not legal tender, so, delivery of e-money by itself does not relieve of monetary obligation. Between it is not easy to define e-money, by now there are many definitions of e-money, there is a legal uncertainty accordingly and then it is not easy to find proper law applicable to resolve a particular issue. As a result. many problems relating to e-money would be solved through analogical application of the moot proper law among the laws that apply to the cash, check, credit card, or fund transfer after analyzing type of e-money at issue. This paper studies the methods on diffusion of the utilization of electronic money. To diffuse the usage of electronic money, it need; prerequisitely as a basic conditions independence of electronic money, non-reusability, and anonymity. And also as a additional conditions it need; usability in the offline commerce, transferability, divisibility. And now electronic money is used very actively, but still has many Jaw problems such as protections of consumer, law enforcement, supervisory, etc. So electronic money has called as money, but it is sure that electronic money is not a legal tender. So to facilitate the economic function of the electronic monel it is need to supplement the electronic money in the legal sides.