• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.289-303
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• 1998

For square contingency tables with ordered categories, Tomizawa (1995) considered two kinds of measures to represent the degree of departure from global symmetry, which means that the probability that an observation will fall in one of cells in the upper-right triangle of square table is equal to the probability that the observation falls in one of cells in the lower-left triangle of it. This paper proposes a generalization of those measures. The proposed measure is expressed by using Cressie and Read's (1984) power divergence or Patil and Taillie's (1982) diversity index. Special cases of the proposed measure include TomiBawa's measures. The proposed measure would be useful for comparing the degree of departure from global symmetry in several tables.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.344-351
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• 2019

Skeletal Class III malocclusion is a relatively common form of malocclusion in Korea. In borderline cases where only mild skeletal discrepancy exists and if worsening of the facial profile is expected as a result of premolar extraction, mandibular full arch distalization with miniscrews is the treatment of choice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of tooth movement and evaluate the stability of mandibular full arch distalization and to identify correlation between stability and factors such as initial skeletal pattern, dental changes during treatment and alveolar bone in symphysis region using lateral cephalograms.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2014

Endoscopic resection is the established treatment for early gastric cancer in selected patients with negligible risk of lymph node metastasis ('absolute indication'). Based on clinical observations and large pathological databases, expanding indications for endoscopic resection beyond absolute indication has been tried in Japan and Korea. However, controversies exist regarding the safety of treating early gastric cancer beyond absolute indication in terms of pathological evaluation of the resected specimen, definition of expanded indication, discrepancy between pre-endoscopic resection and post-endoscopic resection diagnoses of gastric neoplasm, and the best strategy for cases with non-curative resection. In this brief review, current evidence and clinical experience regarding issues of endoscopic resection beyond absolute indication will be summarized.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1998

Limb-salvage surgery has become more popular than amputation for the treatment of malignant bone tumor because no differences in local recurrence and the 5-year survival rate have been found. However for young patients with sarcoma, skeletal immaturity may be a contraindication to limb-salvage surgery due to the expected leg length discrepancy. If limb-sparing procedure should be impossible for skeletally immature patients, amputation has to be given first consideration. To minimize the functional difficulty from short amputation stump of above knee amputation, we performed lengthening of the amputation stump using ipsilateral tibia. One patient was lengthened 17cm using ipsilateral tibia and the other, 12cm. Two patients and their families were satisfied both clinically and psychologically.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.868-879
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• 2010

Adjunctive orthodontic therapy may be required to create appropriate space, to address misalignment and tooth size discrepancy for better function and esthetics. The desired interproximal alveolar contour and gingival embrasure form can be developed during treatment. Various applications of temporary anchorage devices for pre-prosthetic tooth movement allowed clinicians to achieve high efficiency, shorter treatment time, and less discomfort of patient. Biomechanical considerations for the periodontal status of the affected teeth are required to successfully control the vertical and horizontal space. Hence, the interdisciplinary approaches have an essential role in maximizing the favorable treatment outcome. In particular, pivotal Clinical decisions such as whether to open or close the space should be made by consensus of the involved dentists. This article presents the orthodontic treatment approaches for prosthodontic works including mesiodistal and vertical space regaining specially for cases of unrestored teeth over an extended period of time.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2006

White-light scanning interferometry (WLI) and phase shifting interferometry (PSI) are increasingly used for surface topography measurements, particularly for areal measurements. In this paper, we compare surface profiling results obtained from above two optical methods with those obtained from stylus instruments. For moderately rough surfaces ($Ra{\approx}500\;nm$), roughness measurements obtained with WLI and the stylus method seem to provide close agreement on the same roughness samples. For surface roughness measurements in the 50 nm to 300 nm range of Ra, discrepancies between WLI and the stylus method are observed. In some cases the discrepancy is as large as 109% of the value obtained with the stylus method. By contrast, the PSI results are in good agreement with those of the stylus technique.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.1454-1459
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• 2024

Researchers have applied theoretical and CFD models for years to analyze the fluidelastic instability (FEI) of tube arrays in steam generators and other heat exchangers. The accuracy of each approach has typically been evaluated using the discrepancy between the experimental critical flow velocity and the predicted value. In the best cases, the predicted critical flow velocity was within an order of magnitude comparable to the measured one. This paper revisits the quasi-steady approach for damping controlled FEI in a normal triangular array with a pitch ratio of P/d = 1.375. The method addresses the fluidelastic frequency at the stability threshold as an input parameter for the approach. The excellent agreement between the estimated stability thresholds and the equivalent experimental results suggests that the fluidelastic frequency must be included in the quasi-steady analysis, which requires minimal computing time and experimental data. In addition, the model allows a simple time delay analysis regarding flow convective and viscous effects.

• CDE review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.30-35
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• 1998

Recently, many enterprises wish to preoccupy competitive positions in the market by motivating themselves towards CALS(Commerce At Light Speed) and try hard to achieve system implementation with the use of new concept-based backbone systems such as ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning) or PDM(Product Data Management). However, unfortunately there is an inevitable discrepancy during implementation period between package vendors and customers due to lack of clear methodology and misunderstanding about system. In some cases, consensus on partially verified system design invokes customers'continuous change demands and often it tends to result in unnecessary project delays. PDM application system implementation project of the company L has been studied here to solve these sorts of problems. The major yields of this work are achievement of a willing approval from customers and rapid system design under a time-limited and conceptually defined project scope and finally, through fully verified system design, we were able to reach successful system implementation.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.23-28
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• 2002

TNumerical simulations of the supersonic impinging jet flows are carried out using the 3D Navier-Stokes code. This paper is focuses on the unsteady flow features associated with stagnation bubbles and other oscillatory behavior. The 3D code was validated by reproducing the results of Lamont's experiments. Computation is carried out for the cases in which the unsteadiness of the plate shock has been observed experimentally. The computational results confirm the oscillatory feature in several kHz. Unsteady calculation with algebraic turbulence model is also performed. It is found that the laminar and turbulent results have some discrepancy in the transient period. However, both of them reveal the oscillatory behavior with similar frequency.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.144-150
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• 2016

Objectives: We compared the transbuccal and transoral approaches in the management of mandibular angle fractures. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with mandibular angle fractures were randomly divided into two equal groups (A, transoral approach; group B, transbuccal approach) who received fracture reduction using a single 2.5 mm 4 holed miniplate with a bar using either of the two approaches. Intraoperatively, the surgical time and the ease of surgical assess for fixation were noted. Patients were followed at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively and evaluated clinically for post-surgical complications like scarring, infection, postoperative occlusal discrepancy, malunion, and non-union. Radiographically, the interpretation of fracture reduction was also performed by studying the fracture gap following reduction using orthopantomogram tracing. The data was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. A P -value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: No significant difference was seen between the two groups for variables like surgical time and ease of fixation. Radiographic interpretation of fracture reduction revealed statistical significance for group B from points B to D as compared to group A. No cases of malunion/non-union were noted. A single case of hypertrophic scar formation was noted in group B at 6 months postsurgery. Infection was noted in 2 patients in group B compared to 6 patients in group A. There was significantly more occlusal discrepancy in group A compared to group B at 1 week postoperatively, but no long standing discrepancy was noted in either group at the 6 months follow-up. Conclusion: The transbuccal approach was superior to the transoral approach with regard to radiographic reduction of the fracture gap, inconspicuous external scarring, and fewer postoperative complications. We preferred the transbuccal approach due to ease of use, minimal requirement for plate bending, and facilitation of plate placement in the neutral mid-point area of the mandible.