• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2021

The appointment of medical officials during the Joseon Dynasty was conducted through medical testing. To date, most of the research done on these tests has focused on the testing system and its formal qualities without any study of actual test cases. This paper considers the significance of the medical examination format and contents through a test paper contained in the book "Joseonuihaksageupjilbyeongsa (朝鮮醫學史及疾病史)" by MikiSakae (三木榮). The literature confirms that the medical exam paper is the same format as "Gangji (講紙)," and that the test format called "Gangseo (講書)" is a very high-level test. Therefore, analysis of the case suggests that the format of the medical examination reflects the demand for high-quality medical learning for applicants. This consideration is meaningful because existing medical test papers are very rare.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 2001

P. Dirac's contribution to the advent of the modern quantum mechanics is undeniable. His main research guideline is the principle of mathematical beauty. What is this principle on the earth\ulcorner Are there distinctive features between pure mathematician's mind and theoretical physicist' mind about the mathematical beauty\ulcorner These problems will be analyzed with respect to Dirac's case which can reflect a historical interrelationship between science and philosophy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.266-279
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• 1996

To complement and develop the Orient Medical Bian Zheng treatmemt(韓方辨證施治), I have observed and analysed 68 persons who have recieved medical treatment because of the epigastric pain. Considering and analysed the Clinical Diagnosis(臨床診斷) and Clinical Bian Zheng(臨床辨證), Clinical Diagnosis(臨床診斷) and Gastroscopic Bian Zheng(微觀辨證), Clinical Bian Zheng(臨床辨證) and Gastroscopic Bian Zheng(微觀辨證), case history, age and sex, I have obtained the conclusion as follows. 1. The frequency of epigastric pain according to the classfication of Clinical Bian Zheng(臨床辨證) most occured in Gi Che Zheng(氣滯證), then in Huh Han Zheng(虛寒證). and least in Wi Youl Zheng. 2. There is no clear connection between the Clinical Bian Zheng(臨床辨證) and Clinical Diagnosis(臨床診斷). 3. The frequency of the epigastric pain according to Gastroscopic Bian Zheng(微觀辨證), mainly occurred in Wi youl Type(胃熱型), Wi Rac Jac Sang Type(胃絡灼傷滯型)and then occurred in Wi Han Type(胃寒型), and least occurred in Wi Rac A Che Type(胃絡瘀滯型) 4. Having observed the relation between the Gastroscopicin Bian Zheng(微觀辨證), and Clinical Diagnosis(臨床診斷) as pathological process, I have obtained the result that Wi Youl type(胃熱型) and Wi Rac Jac Sang Type(胃絡灼傷型) mainly occurred in Erosive Gastritis and Superficial Gastritis at the early stage, and Wi Rac A Che Type(胃絡瘀滯型) occurred in the whole stage among the Wuperficial Gastritis, Atro pic Gastritis, and Erosive Gastritis, Gastric Cancer, and the Wi Han Type(胃寒型) mainly occurred in Atropic Gastritis at the later stage. 5. The relation between Clinical Bian Zheng(臨床辨證) and Gastroscopic Bian Zheng(微觀辨證) do not coincide. 6. Observing the relation between the Clinical Bian Zheng(臨床辨證) and case history, Gi Che Zheng(氣滯證), Huh Han Zheng(虛寒證), Wi Youl Zheng(胃熱證) were commonly seen in the early stage of the case history, and Eum Huh Zheng(陰虛證) and Houl A Zheng(血瘀證) were seen in every stage. 7. Observing the relation between the Clinical Bian Zheng(臨床辨證) and age, Gi Che Type(氣滯型) was mostly seen in the thirties and other Bian Zheng(辨證) was seen after the middle 8. Observing the relation between the Clinical Bian Zheng(臨床辨證) and sex, Gi Che Type(氣滯型) was seen at high ratio in both sexes. 9. Observing the relation between the Gastroscopic Bian Zheng(微觀辨證) and case history Wi Han Type(胃寒證), Wi Youl Type(胃熱型), Wi Rac Jac Sang Type(胃絡灼傷型) were seen in the early stage of the case history Wi Rac A Che Type(胃絡瘀滯型) was mostly seen in the later stage. 10. There was no clear connection between the Gastroscopic Bian Zheng(微觀辨證) and age, sex. Although the examples were not sufficient, recipe regarding the partial variation state of stomach mucos together with Orient Medical Bian Zheng(韓方辨證) treatment seems to be useful in the effective treatment of Bi wi(脾胃) disease besides the epigastric pain.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.2 s.46
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• pp.217-225
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• 1994

The relationship between past liver disease history and the risk of primary liver cancer was analyzed in a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Seoul on 165 patients with histologically or serologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma and individually age- and sex-matched 165 controls in hospital for ophthalmologic, otologic, or nasopharyngeal problems. Significant association were observed for liver deseases occurring 5 or more years before liver cancer diagnosis [OR,4.9;95% confidence interval (CI), $1.6{\sim}14.0$) and family history of liver disease(OR, 9.0;95% CI, $2.1{\sim}38.8$). These associations were not appreciably modified by allowance for major identified potential confounding factors. From these results, it is possible to speculate that liver cell injuries caused by various factors might be a common pathway to developing primary liver carcinoma. Considering the significant effect of family history of liver diseases on PLCA risk after adjusting past liver disease history, there might be genetic susceptibility in the carcinogenic mechanism of liver cancer. Further investigations are needed to clarify the effect of family history of liver disease on PLCA risk.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.208-210
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• 2014

Rupture of the spleen is relatively common, both immediately and in a delayed fashion following significant blunt abdominal trauma. However, atraumatic splenic rupture rarely occurs. Multiple underlying pathologies have been associated with splenic rupture without trauma, including hematological, neoplastic, inflammatory and infectious conditions. In our case, a 21-year-old male without prior medical history visited the hospital with left upper quadrant abdominal pain that had started one day earlier. He had no history of trauma. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan found a collection of perisplenic fluid, accompanying a splenic rupture. Due to the patient's stable vital signs and lack of clinical progression of hemorrhage, he underwent conservative treatment. The patient was discharged at day 14 without complication. Rupture of a normal spleen without a history of trauma is not often reported, and it has long been a subject of debate. Ruptures of normal spleen almost always follow some kind of trauma, such as a car accidents or a fall from significant heights. Here, we report a case of spontaneous rupture of a normal spleen in the absence of other medical pathologies or triggering factors.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.3156-3159
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• 2011

In case of the continuous welded rail(CWR) track is supported by the railway bridge, the additional axial force is occurred in the CWR due to the track-bridge interaction. In the various design codes such as Korean code, European code, UIC code, etc, three important loads(temperature variation in the bridge-deck, braking/acceleration and the bending of the bridge-deck resulted from the passing train) are treated as the independent loading case. In other words, the additional axial force can be obtained by summing up the three different values calculated by the three independent analysis. However, this analysing method may have an error because the behavior of the longitudinal resistance between the rail and the bridge-deck is under the highly nonlinear. Therefore, in order to exactly analyse the track-bridge interaction, nonlinear loading history and the change of the longitudinal resistance owing to the loading history must be considered in the analysis process. In this study, the loading history effect on the track-bridge interaction is investigated considering the resonable combination of three loads and the longitudinal resistance change.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.89-92
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• 2011

Built in 1944, in Busan, Sohawjang has currently remained in severe state of transformation. Sohawjang is a rare case of modern housing complex in Korea and it is a significant historic building as housing history and technique history. This study is to leave the basic data about modern housing by finding the substance of Sohawjang, a unusual case of modern housing complex in Korea, and examples of housing transformation through this study. This study attempts to find the original shape and architectural history about Sohawjang, modern apartment building, and analyze the actual conditions of transformation. For implementing, this study carried out the surveys and interviews with experimental research. As the result of the study, after the independence, various cases of transformation were investigated from floor plan of Japanese middle corridor. This study classified according to types of housing by analyzing outcomes and examined the reason and characteristic of transformation. This study discovered the Sohawjang's housing transformation cases, modern housing complex, that has not been disclosed so far and draw the characteristic of transformation as the Architectural Planning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.525-531
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• 2012

This study aims at the structural analysis of vibration and fatigue according to the configuration of engine mount. Maximum equivalent stress or deformation is shown at bracket or case respectively. As harmonic vibration analysis, the maximum displacement amplitude is happened at 4,000Hz. Among the cases of nonuniform fatigue loads, 'SAE bracket history' with the severest change of load becomes most unstable but 'Sample history' or 'Saw tooth' becomes most stable. In case of 'Sample history' or 'Saw tooth' with the average stress of 4,200MPa or 0MPa and the amplitude stress of -3,000MPa or 7MPa, the possibility of maximum damage becomes 70%. This stress state can be shown with 7 times more than the damage possibility of 'SAE bracket history' or 'SAE transmission'. The structural result of this study can be effectively utilized with the design on engine mount by investigating prevention and durability against its damage.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.148-155
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• 2011

This study analyzes stress, fatigue and vibration at clutch on the rotation of wheel. Eigenfrequencies from 1'st to 6'th order about clutch assembly are shown with the vibration at more than 800Hz. Maximum equivalent stress is shown with the frequency of 800Hz in case of the harmonic vibration applied with force. Among the cases of nonuniform fatigue loads, 'SAE bracket history' with the severest change of load becomes most unstable but 'Sample history' becomes most stable. In case of 'Sample History' with the average stress of 0MPa to $-10^5$ MPa and the amplitude stress of 0MPa to $10^5$ MPa, the possibility of maximum damage becomes 3.23%. This stress state can be shown with 6 times more than the damage possibility of 'SAE bracket history' or 'SAE transmission'. The structural result of this study can be effectively utilized with the safe design of clutch.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2015

We have summarized a large part of the history of Korean medicine from a macroscopic perspective. However, many aspects still remain incomplete from a microscopic perspective. This is partly because the society under the Chosun dynasty was dominated by the gentry class and they were not active in the field of medicine. However, another reason is that, unlike the Chinese, these people left behind few medical case records (醫案, eui-an) that vividly describe the treatment methods prevalent during those times. This may be attributed to the fact that during those times, the focus of medical doctors was not on recording their knowledge and experiences, but on simplification of diagnosis and treatments for practical use. However, since medical case records of any era provide an insight into the state of medical provision at that time, they could play an important role in providing concrete knowledge regarding the state of medicine under the Chosun dynasty, and in understanding the uniqueness of Korean medicine in detail. Therefore, in this article we discuss the recently discovered Gyeongheombang (經驗方), which is archived at the Korea University, and through this we aim to add a new source of detailed information on Korean medicine, and to identify the potential of Korean medicine by demonstrating its uniqueness.