• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.952-959
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• 1997

Korean intakes of Vitamin A have not reached RDA for a long time according to the National Nutrition Survey. The pupose of this study was to examine the serum response to short-term carotenoids-rich vegetable juices supplementation. A total of 31 female students were recruited for this study. Their average serum retinol content before supplementation began was 14.74$\mu\textrm{g}$/100ml, and 87% of them had lower than adequate levels. Serum $\beta$-carotene, $\alpha$-carotene, lycopene and lutein contents were 0.77, -, 0.74 and 8.29$\mu\textrm{g}$/100$m\ell$ respectively. The serum responses to 3 kinds of juice supplementation for 3 weeks are summarized as follows. A small but steady increase in serum retinol concentration was detected with the supplementation (p<.05), but the kinds of juice made no significant difference. Serum $\beta$-carotene contents also increased with the supplementation(p<.01), but the kinds of juice again made no significant difference. Serum lycopene increased with the lycopene-containing vegetable juice and tomato juice supplementation, but the increase wasn't significant. There was no change in serum lycopene levels with the lycopene free carrot juice supplementation. Finally, there were no signifnicant changes in serum lutein and $\alpha$-carotene levels with the 3 kinds of juice supplementation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.950-957
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• 1995

The carotenoids of 14 Korean Citrus were analyzed by HPLC and spectrophotometry. Selected Citrus varieties were Satsuma mandarins, Orange, Ponkan, Marumeru and Iyeagam. The amount of carotenoid in peel and juice of Citrus is $0.82{\sim}10.64\;mg%$ and $0.23{\sim}3.38\;mg%$, respectively. Among the 14 peaks obtained from each samples, ${\alpha}-carotene$, ${\beta}-carotene$, Iycopene and lutein were identified by the direct comparison with authentics. Eigth peaks were assumed to neoxanthin, violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, lutein-5,6-epoxide, isolutein, cryptox-diepoxide, cryptox-5,6-epoxide and ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$ through reference $t_R$ and two peaks remained unknown.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1297-1306
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• 1998

Carotenoids are yellow to orange red pigments that are ubiquitous in the nature and its annual pro duction amounts to one hundred million ton. This review discussed physicochemical properties, antiox idative activity, anticancer activity of carotenoids and its production technology. Carotenoids, mainly used as food colourants, are characterized by its strong reactive conjugated double bonds, related to oxidation by heat, light, acid, and metal ions. The provitamin A activity of carotenoids is higher in trans form than in cis form. Antioxidative properties of carotenoids are related to ionone structure and long, conjugated polyene chain number. In particular, carotene, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and lycopene possess strong antioxidant activity, compared with tocopherol. Especially, carotene, astaxanthin, carotene, fucoxanthin, halocynthiaxanthin and peridinin impart strong anticancer activity against lung cancer, breast cancer, buccal pouch cancer and nerve cell cancer. Carotene and astaxanthin are produced by biotechnology using algae such as Dunaliella salina and Haematococcus pluvalis. But the change of cultivation conditions and screening of algae, efficiently producing carotenoids, are needed for its commercial production. Carotenoids are expected to be used in the various fields through explanation of its biological activity and establishment of commercial production technology.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 2013

Lycopene cyclase converts lycopene to ${\beta}$-carotene by catalyzing the formation of two beta-rings at each end of the linear carotene structure. This reaction takes place as a two-step reaction in which both sides of of the lycopene molecule are cyclized into ${\beta}$-carotene rings via the monocyclic ${\gamma}$-carotene as an intermediate. The crtY gene coding for lycopene cyclase from Paracoccus haeundaensis consists of 1,158 base pairs encoding 386 amino acids residues. An expression plasmid containing the crtY gene (pET44a-CrtY) was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli, and produced a recombinant protein of approximately 43 kDa, corresponding to the molecular mass of lycopene cyclase. The expressed protein was purified to homogeneity by His-tag affinity chromatography and showed enzymatic activity corresponding to lycopene cyclase. We also determined the lycopene substrate specificity and NADPH cofactor requirements of the purified protein. The $K_m$ values for lycopene and NADPH were 3.5 ${\mu}M$ and 2 mM, respectively. The results obtained from this study will provide a wider base of knowledge on the enzyme characterization of lycopene cyclase at the molecular level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 1995

The oxidation of purified pinenut oil containing various concentration of tocopherols and β-carotene were studied. α-tocopherol revealed an antioxidant activity at the concentration of lower than 0.05%, however, it showed a prooxidant activity when the concentration was higher than 0.05%. The antioxidant activity of γ-tocopherol was not affected by the concentraitons in the range of 0.01∼0.10% in pinenut oil. γ -Tocopherol resulted in higher antioxidant activity than that of α-tocopherol. β -carotene seemed to be a prooxidant when 0.01% of β-carotene was added. The fatty acids composition of purified pinenut oil have been changed during autoxidation. The concentration of linoleic acid decreased readly while oleic acid seemed to increase. And the concentration of saturated fatty acid has'nt been changed much during autoxidation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2023

We optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction to improve the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds from the microalgae Acutodesmus reginae. To optimize this extraction process, we investigated the effects of solvent type, solvent concentration, extraction time, extraction number, and extraction power on the production of lutein, α-carotene, β-carotene, and chlorophylls a, and b. After sequential optimization of these main variables, the maximum amount of each compound was extracted at 30℃ with an ultrasound power of 80 W and using 99.5% methanol. Under these optimum conditions, the amount of lutein, α-carotene, β-carotene, and chlorophylls a, and b, were measured as 10.43, 8.66, 3.76, 15.43, and 6.39 mg/g dry matter respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.301-311
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• 1985

Even though the anticarcinogenic effect of dietary factors especially beta - carotene has been reported by various investigators, the mechanism of the action of ${\beta}-carotene$ has not yet been identified. We carried out the present study to determine the possibilities of relative cancer risk related to dietary intake of vitamin A ( both ${\beta}-carotene$ and retinol ) and blood levels of vitamin A among Koreans. The subjects were divided into two groups; cancer patients and controls. Blood levels for ${\beta}-carotene$ and retinol were analyzed by alumina column chromatography and colorimetry. Dietary intake was examined by food profile and convenient method for evaluating nutritional status through recalling 10 years of food habits. The results obtained are as follows : 1 ) Calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intakes of cancer patient were lower than those of control. Calorie and carbohydrate intakes showed no significant difference but protein and fat intakes were significantly lower in cancer patients. According to cancer sites, in stomach cancer only fat intake was significantly lower than that of control. In lung and larynx cancer calorie, protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes showed similar trend as in control. 2 ) Vitamin A intake of cancer patient was significantly lower than that of control. It was estimated that 83.6% of total Vitamin A intake were provided by ${\beta}-carotene$ for control and cancer patient respectively. 3 ) The mean intake of dietary ${\beta}-carotene$ in cancer patient was significantly lower than that in control ( $7002\;\mu}g/day$ versus $10326\;{\mu}g/day$ ) According to cancer sites in mean intake of dietary ${\beta}-carotene$ was significantly lower in all but stomach cancer compared with that of control. Lung and larynx cancer showed lowest ${\beta}-carotene$ intake with mean value of $5855{\mu}g/day$ and $5492{\mu}g/day$ respectively. 4 ) The mean intake of dietary retinol in cancer patient was significantly lower than that in control ( $245{\mu}g/day$ versus $338{\mu}g/day$ ), but the difference was not significant. 5 ) The relative risk of all cancers in the first (lowest) to the forth quartile level of ${\beta}-carotene$ consumption such as $0-5999{\mu}g/day$. $6000-8999{\mu}g/day$, $9000-11999{\mu}g/day$/ day and $12000-20000{\mu}g/day$ was 85 : 1.7 : 20 : 1.0. The relative risk of all cancers in the first (lowest) to the forth quartile level of retinol consumption, such as $0-299{\mu}g/day$, $300-599{\mu}g/day$, 600-899${\mu}g/day$, and $900-1200{\mu}g/day$, was 1.14 : 067 : 0.21 : 1.0. 6 ) The various food group consumption of cancer patient were significantly lower than those of control in green leafy vegetables, fruits, sea weeds, milk and cheese and eggs. But the Kimchie consumption in cancer patient was three fold higher than that of control ( $1840\;{\mu}g/day$ versus $562\;{\mu}g/day$ ) and in the stomach cancer, Kimchie consumption was the highest, ( $1890\;{\mu}g/day$) According to cancer sites, the consumption of green leafy vegetables was significantly lower in all but stomach cancer compared to control and other vegetables showed no difference between two. In lung and larynx cancer, green leafy vegetables consumption was lowest ( $6094{\mu}g/day$ $5921{\mu}g/day$) and milk and cheese consumption was also( $5\;{\mu}g/day$ and $11{\mu}g/day$) 7 ) The recovery of ${\beta}-carotene$ from human serum by alumina column chromatography was $94.4{\pm}2.3%$. 8 ) Cancer patients showed significantly lower serum retinol ($56.4{\pm}18.1\:{\mu}g/100ml$ versus $72.2{\pm}21.8\:{\mu}g/100ml$) and ${\beta}-carotene$ ($48.9{\pm}33.8\:{\mu}g/100ml$ versus $72.2{\pm}42.6\:{\mu}g/100ml$) concentrations than in controls. 9 ) But breast cancer patients were not significantly different from controls in their serum retinol and ${\beta}-carotene$ concentrations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.185-186
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• 2000

단세포 조류(藻類)는 어패류 양식에서 먹이사료로써 이용되며, 그 자체가 여러 기능성 물질을 함유하고 있는 것으로 밝혀짐에 따라 식품 소재, 의약품, 화장품 공업 및 중금속 제거를 포함한 폐수처리까지 그 응용이 날로 확대되고 있다. 이 중 천연의 $\beta$-carotene은 현재 암예방을 위한 여러 연구에서 다루어지고 있으며, 최근 전염병학과 종양학적 연구에서 $\beta$-carotene, 비타민 C, 비타민 E 그리고 섬유소가 함유된 과일과 저지방 채소가 인간에게 생기는 암을 예방한다고 밝히고 있다.(중략)

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 1998

To produce several high-quality species of Chwinamul (Aster scaber, A. Tataricus, Ligularia fischeri), leaves of the plants grown in different natural habitats were anlayzed. Contents in vitamin C and $\beta$-carotene were generally higher in plants grown in the field. However, Aster scaber picked form Yongwol and A. tataricus from Mt.Taryong contained relatively higher vitamin c and $\beta$ carotene. Crude protein and fat contents varied depending on the growing area. Ca content was markedly higher in the plants grown in the natural havitats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.777-784
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• 1993

The bleaching effect of potato lipoxygenase Isoenzymes on ${\beta}-carotene$ was studied. Two lipoxygenase Isoenzymes(LOX-1, LOX-2) from potato tuber were purified by CM-cellulose, DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography. LOX-1 and LOX-2 seemed to have bleaching effect on ${\beta}-carotene$ in the presence of linoleic acid, which the decrease in the formation of conjugated dienes. LOX-2 was founded to have a greater pigment bleaching activity than that of LOX-1.