• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.125-143
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• 2005

This study focused on the importance of the attachment/caregiving system at a dyadic level, and examined relationships between maternal representations of caregiving, maternal caregiving behavior, and child attachment. Seventy-five middle-class mothers and their preschool children(ages 3-4) participated in the study. Results indicated a strong correspondence between maternal representations of caregiving and maternal caregiving behavior at the secure/insecure and ordered/disordered level. The correspondence between maternal representations of caregiving and their preschooler's attachment, and between maternal caregiving behavior and their preschooler's attachment at the secure/insecure level were also strong. The correspondence between maternal representations of caregiving and their preschooler's attachment was mediated by maternal caregiving behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.39-48
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of paternal marital satisfaction and caregiving behavior on children's paternal representations. 112 preschoolers(67 boys and 45 girls, aged 4-5) and their fathers participated in this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling analysis. The results were as follows: firstly, paternal marital satisfaction had a direct effect on caregiving behaviors. Secondly, paternal caregiving behavior did not have a direct effect on children's paternal representations. Thirdly, paternal marital satisfaction had a direct effect on children's paternal representations. Fourthly, paternal caregiving behavior did not have a mediatory effect between paternal marital satisfaction and children's paternal representations. In conclusion, paternal marital satisfaction has influenced on caregiving behavior and children's paternal representations.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.441-458
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• 2009

The present study compared the differences in mechanisms of caregiving stress, depression, parenting behaviors, stress-coping, and social support between caregiving grandmothers and the caregiving mothers. Three caregiving groups were compared; One hundred and fifty-two grandmothers rearing their grandchild as daytime care-giver (partial caregiving-grandmother group), 152 mothers who shared the responsibilities of caregiving the same child (partial caregiving-mother group), and another 157 mothers who rear their child as daytime care-giver (primary caregiving-mother group). Predictors of parental stress for these caregiving groups were also assessed. The results indicated that partial caregiving-grandmother group had more depressed than two mother groups, but there were no differences in parental stress among three caregiving groups. In addition, primary caregiving-mothers used more problem-focused coping strategies, and more social support than did partial caregiving-grandmothers. In parental behaviors, partial caregiving-grandmothers significantly had more laxness, less overactive than two mother groups. In the analysis of hierarchical regression, overactivity and depression were significant predictors of parental stress in partial caregiving-grandmothers. On the other hand, depression, social support, and overactivity were significant predictors of parental stress in partial caregiving-mothers. In primary caregiving-mothers, overactivity, depression, and emotion-focused coping were significant predictors of parental stress. We discussed the differences of the predictors in parental stress between grandmothers and mothers.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-81
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• 2004

Although the relation of caregiving burden to well-being has been frequently examined, the effect of caregiving on marital quality has been virtually ignored. The current study explores the impact of parent care on the marriages of adult children by using a nationally representative longitudinal sample. It was hypothesized that parent care would negatively influence the marital quality of adult child caregivers, the effect of parent care would differ between women and men caregivers, and the nature of marital relationship variables would moderate or mediate the impact of care on marital quality. Overall, marital quality does not appear to suffer if caregiving load is light. However, the impact of parental caregiving on some dimensions of marital quality was conditioned by gender, gender role attitudes, and congruence between attitudes and behavior.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.38
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• pp.33-67
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• 1999

This study is the second phase of the author's larger attempt to investigate the factors affecting housewives' caregiving behavior to their elderly parents-in-law. Specifically, it revises and expands the previous model (1998) and develops a new one by rectifying the three major problems inherent in the previous study: (1) misspecification error; (2) non-equivalent comparison of results between the father-in-law model and mother-in-law model that stems from the inclusion of heterogeneous group of caregivers; (3) measurement problems for the two endogenous variables of eldercare attitude and behavior. To do this, the current study proposes a more comprehensive model by additionally incorporating other salient exogenous variables, renders the comparison of results between the father-in-law and mother-in-law models equivalent by including only homogeneous group of caregivers (i. e., only those housewives whose parents-in-law are both alive), and introduces standardized measurement scales for the endogenous variables. Estimation of the model in terms of maximum likelihood procedures in LISREL8 attests to a better overall performance over the previous model when judged from several criteria such as coefficient of determination, model fit statistics, proportion of significant causal paths, and measurement properties of reliability and validity for the variables. Interpretation of the findings suggests several salient theoretical implications that concern such crucial issues as the inconsistency between eldercare attitude and behavior, patterns of association among the subdimensions of eldercare, and the difference in the antecedents explaining attitude as opposed to behavior of eldercare. In particular, the finding that indicates almost no differences in the determinants between the father-in-law and mother-in-law models suggests a strong case to argue that caregiving behavior to fathers-in-law and mothers-in-law, respectively, is likely to be a uniform phenomenon sharing virtual1y the same antecedents, and that a unified single model is sufficient to account for caregiving behavior to both parties.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.83-94
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• 2017

Caregiving for the children seems to be one of the most challenging tasks for the parents who should devote themselves totally despite endangering them. From the evolutionary perspective, this human behavior must have been the advantage in the survival of the species and rooted in ethological origin. John Bowlby, a child psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, and great developmental researcher, had formulated the attachment theory linking psychoanalysis and ethology through evolutionary biology. His and later following researchers' outcomes have provided enormous influence on viewing parental caregiving and the insight of human relationships and interventions. This article overviews the attachment theory in terms of the goal oriented cybernetic system to gain the survival advantage of the offspring and investigates the evolutionary origin of the caregiving and attachment from the retiles of the Mesozoic era to the mammalian revolution and finally to the human being. Deeper understanding of the nurturance and adult relationships from the standpoint of evolution can provide clinical utility of awareness of clients' lives.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2016

This study analyzes the effects of caring for grandchildren on Korean grandparents' health, using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging from 2006 to 2012. We investigate how caregiving is provided and analyze the effects of caregiving on grandparents' physical health, mental health, and health-related behaviors. As elderly people's health is generally frail, it is unclear whether the provision of childcare affects their health negatively. We control for the endogeneity of caregiving by an individual fixed effect (FE) model and instrumental variable-fixed effect (FE-IV) models. Using these models, we determine the endogeneity of caregiving and show that the significant effects of caregiving on health disappear as we control for endogeneity in the FE and FE-IV models. Even after controlling for endogeneity, we find that caregiving increases the probability of feeling pain as well as the number of different types of pain. Furthermore, caregiving increases the probability of restrictions on daily activities because of pain. On the other hand, caregiving reduces the symptoms of depression. In relation to health-related behaviors, caregiving reduces the probability of physical exercise and regular meals. Our results imply that although caregiving has a positive effect on mental health, the increase in physical pain and in non-healthy behaviors may lead to a deterioration of the caregiver's long-term health, which in turn may increase the medical costs of the elderly. Potential policy alternatives are discussed in the paper.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.103-120
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and caregiving behavior in families who awarded on filial piety. Using the qualitative method 137 families and social supports to them were analyzed,. The major findings can be summarized as follows (1) Most of caregivers were daughter-in -law over 40 years in 3-generation or 2-generation family. Elderly can be characterized as oldest-old dependent long-term care for more than 10 years. (2) These families showed very high family solidarity with strong collectivity. (3) Their economic emotional and service cares were family-centered with helps from their extended family. These families were supported emotional helps rather than instrumental helps from social network. It was concluded that to help family elder care social support program for the frail elder caregiving families should be complemented in their children support program family life enrichment program for the inter-generational relationship medical care program other social network program and religion program etc. And more concrete and qualified study for the adaptation of filial piety families should be followed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.35
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• pp.51-83
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• 1998

This study is designed to find out the determinants of housewives' caregiving behavior to their elderly parents-in-law. For this purpose, a tentative path model, constructed with major socio-demographic variables in the caregiver's family as exogenous variables, is proposed to account for caregiver's behavior to elderly parents-in-law. The model is estimated with data collected from a probability sample of housewives in Kwangju, Korea. Estimation of the model, separately for caregiver's fathers-in-law and mothers-in-law, in terms of maximum likelihood(ML) procedures in LISREL8 reveals that housewives' educational attainment, father-in-law's age, father-in-law's health status, and family size have statistically significant causal. effects on care giving behavior to fathers-in-law, and that housewives' educational attainment, mother-in-law's age, family size, and caregiving attitude have significant causal effects on caregiving behavior to mothers-in-law. Comparison of the two estimated models indicates caregiver's educational attainment, caretaker's age, and family size are prominent determinants of caregiving behavior that can be commonly generalized to the two models. Except for these common determinants, however, a nonnegligible amount of differences is identified between the two models. The findings are discussed and interpreted with suggesting some salient theoretical and policy implications.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.845-858
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aims to contribute to devising systems for family caregivers of dementia patients by examining the state of oral care of dementia patients, and depression and social support among family caregivers of dementia patients. Methods: Family caregivers of dementia patients in the metropolitan area were selected in this study. The inclusion criteria were individuals who have provided care for a dementia patient at home for at least six months and those who come in contact (including phone calls) with the patient at least twice a week. Results: Oral health knowledge of the elderly, caregiving burden, depression, and social support were examined. The mean scores for oral health knowledge of the elderly and caregiving burden were $57.11{\pm}16.94$ out of 100 and $17.33{\pm}8.61$ out of 48, respectively. Further, the mean caregiving behavior score, depression score, and social support score were $8.49{\pm}13.71$ out of 100, $5.11{\pm}3.05$ out of 10, and $72.75{\pm}17.03$ out of 100, respectively. Factors affecting oral health knowledge of the elderly were examined. The results showed that the level of oral health knowledge of the elderly increased with an increasing perception of a need for oral health education (p<0.05), caregiving burden (p<0.01), and social support (p<0.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that developing and popularizing oral care intervention programs for family caregivers of dementia patients are necessary to ensure systematic oral care for dementia patients.