• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.15-27
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• 2011

The predominant concern of the study consists in:(1)the positive direct effects of both individual's intimacy toward parents and individual's self-efficacy of care-giving roles on individual's care-giving commitment; (2)the positive mediating effect of individual's self-efficacy of care-giving on individual's care-giving commitment; (3)the moderating effect of the degree of unhealthy condition of individual's elderly parents on each causal relationship. For conducting this study, a survey method was used on 318 males with parents at the aged of 45-60, residing in Daegu and KyungPook. In order for subjects to verify research questions, structural equation models were explored. The findings of the study supported the direct, indirect effect and moderating effects, which suggested in research questions. Participants with unhealthy parents showed greater tendency in terms of influencing their intimacy toward parents on care giving commitment than participants with healthy parents did. The above findings claimed our attention in that provided a range of practical implication.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.226-241
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to find out the causal perception of rheumatoid arthritis patients, and to understand the typology. The Q-population consisted of 236 statements of causal perception were collected. Thirty eight Q-samples of causal perception were selected. The P-sample for this study were made up of 28 first visiting female rheumatoid arthritis patients from a rheumatoid arthritis specialty hospital. Each respondent responded Q-set of causal perception according to 9-point scale. The result of Q-sorting were coded and analyzed using QUANL PC program. 1) Typological Observation on Causal Perception (1) Physical Fatigue Type : Type 1 perceived that the illness occurred due to excessive work requiring physical labor or strain that had occurred from not resting after excessive physical labor, therefore, thinking the origin of the illness was from physical strain. (2) Physical origin Type : Type 2 perceived that the major cause for the illness is not only excessive physical labour but also fecundity and old age. (3) Causality to Environment Type : Type 3 perceived that rheumatoid arthritis occurred from injury to the joints or bad and humid weather. (4) Conscience of Guilty Type : Type 4 consisted of people with guilty conscience for lack of religious commitment. They perceived that the illness was a punishment from God for not praying or because of bad luck. (5) Rationally Perceiving Type : People who belong in type 5 perceived the cause of illness in light of scientific facts such as genetics, unbalanced diet or lack of exercise. (6) Psychological Stress Type : People who belong in type 6 believed that excessive stress was the cause of the illness. 2) Emotions of Rheumatoid arthritis patients Rheumatoid arthritis patients' positive emotions included determination, courage, coping, acceptance, hope, and adoption ; and their negative emotions were prostration, worry, stupor, conflicts, grievance, giving-up, resignation, depression, loss, solitariness, fear, anxiety, avoidance, anger and loneliness. Rheumatoid arthritis patients experience different level of emotions from their suffering experience from the severe pains. Rheumatoid arthritis patients also experience negative emotions when they could not perform self-care and lose their self-esteem from painful suffering ; however, they regain positive emotions when they recover from pain with the use of drugs, physical therapy or exercise. Their emotional states are closely connected to level of and presence of pain.