• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.215-233
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• 2014

Seoul is an ancient city with a long history but there is hesitancy over referring to as a historic city due to the lack of traceable historic urban landscape elements which resulted from numerous invasions and general destruction. From a diachronic perspective, the nature which was survived the influence of development, could be the key element that links the past with the city's radically changed image in modern times. Although "old big trees" may be not a dominant influence with regards to the historical authenticity of the city, they are objects which contribute towards the historical authenticity by providing a sense of place in terms of connected narratives, as well as their natural image. However, the protection policy for an "old big tree" would place too much emphasis on the aspect of the ecological value rather than its cultural value. Generally, trees have been protected by installing a fence and a signboard around them as well as receiving additional care. However, it is difficult to find that surrounding space around the "law-protected tree" is connected with its original historical and cultural values. Even though the space around trees are no longer utilized in the same way as was so in the past, they still have high-potential in terms of cultural utilization. Therefore, the subject of this study is the "old big tree" as a natural object which contributed to the historical authenticity of Seoul. The current status of these "old big trees", aged between 100 and 800 years old, currently indicate that there are 215 trees designated as "law-protected tree" by the Seoul metropolitan government. This study aims to investigate the status of protection and utilization of the existing "law-protected trees" in the city of Seoul and find a way to increase both ecological preservation and cultural utilization for the high-potential "law-protected trees" within the city itself. In order to achieve this, previously researched papers shall be reviewed and surveyed pertaining to present usage patterns of the 215 "law-protected trees". In addition, five cases have been reviewed which focus on a few of utilizing the "protected trees" and their surrounding spaces. The results of the research indicate that 21 "old big trees" have high-potential in terms of cultural utilization as well as ecological value. However, it was revealed that there are limitations to pursue the value of preservation and utilization simultaneously throughout current regimental management. In order to cope with the current situation, it is pointed out that management facilities should be designed and installed by creative and flexible methods of organizing with consideration to the surrounding space and context. Even though in the case where there may not be a connecting history or legendary stories, the "old big trees" can serve as the fundamental features of small scale parks -dependent on their location, condition and environment- which will be of value to the local communities. This study could serve as a practical reference for the management and utilization of "old big trees" nationwide with numbers reaching 12,300 besides the city of Seoul.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.14
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• pp.85-100
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• 1996

The Studies were conducted to provide the state of mulberry cultivation and it's development in Banguet province (high land) of Philippines. Philippines initiated the sericulture industry with the technical asistance of Japan in 1974 and established mulberry field and sericultural facilities with technical asistance of Korea in 1990 and 1995. The required average of 100 to 150mm per month is not available during the dry season from December to March. Therefore mulching with grass which is available abundantly in the Philippines should be established to conserve moisture, to control soil erosion, surface ran-off and also to increase the humus content in the soil. In chemical properties of mulberry field, the pH value of soil is 4.7, organic matter 1.6%, and available phosphorus 6ppm. Therefore, all fields should do liming and be applied compost. To improve leaf yield for mulberry planted under partial shade area of pine trees, more pruning of pine tree should be done for good sunshining of mulberry, more liming and compost should be applied to improve acidic soil. To control the leaf roller, DDVP and KAFIL are able to be used. When spraying insecticides to control mulberry insect pests, care should be taken to consider the residual effects of chemicals on the leaf. Leaf should be fed to silkworms only after the leaves are free of any residual effects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.51-64
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• 2001

The qualities including taste of sweetpotato stored during the winter which can display in the spring market in Korea are affected by availability of storage for the roots. In order to make high storage availability of sweetpotato, the postharvest handlings should be done thoroughly from the moment of harvest until shipping them to the market. A lot of procedures that must be handled carefully for improving postharvest management are as follows; digging, trimming, gathering, putting in storage containers, carrying them from field to house, curing, storing, washing, drying, selecting marketable roots, packing and shipping to the market, etc.. Sweetpotatoes have a high moisture content, and a relatively thin and delicate skin, and are sensitive to chilling, so careless postharvest handling can lead to both quantitative and qualitative losses which may be extremely high in some circumstances. From now on research has concentrated on the improvement of postharvest conditions to increase yield and lower disease rates. Storage, which makes sweetpotatoes available through out the year, benefits both the producer and the consumer. Seven very important points must be needed in order to get the best quality marketable roots in the storing of sweetpotatos : $\circled1$The storage house must be clean and sanitary, $\circled2$The crop must be harvested before the first frost to avoid low-temperature injury, $\circled3$Particular care must be taken to avoid cutting, bruising, or other injuries of the sweetpotatoes during digging, picking up, grading, placing in containers, and moving to the storage house, $\circled4$Select sound, disease-free roots for storage $\circled5$Sweetpotatoes should be stored in properly stacked containers $\circled6$Cure immediately after harvest, preferably at 32∼33$^{\circ}C$ and 90 to 95 percent relative humidity for 4 to 7 days, After curing the temperature should be reduced to 13$^{\circ}C$ to 16$^{\circ}C$ by ventilating the storage with outside air. $\circled7$Store at 12$^{\circ}C$ to 14$^{\circ}C$ and a relative humidity of 80 to 85 percent. Storage houses should be located on suitable sites and should be tightly constructed and insulated so that temperature and humidity will be uniform. Sweetpotatoes are usually not washed and graded, and lately sometimes washed, graded, waxed, before being shipped to market. Consumer packaging of sweetpotatoes in paper boxes(10-15kg) or film bags is done mainly to aid marketing. The shelf life of washed roots in consumer packs in only 1 to 2 weeks. Weight loss of roots during marketing is much less in perforated film bags than in mesh and paper bags. Perforation of 0.8 to 1kg polyethylene bags with about six 6mm holes is essential ; to lower the internal relative humidity and avoid excessive sprouting, rooting, and dampness. Development and use of better postharvest handling with good storage facilities or marketing methods can minimize sweetpotate losses and has an effect of indirectly increasing productivity and farmer’s income.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.465-474
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• 2021

This study investigated knowledge about the human papillomavirus (HPV), attitudes toward HPV vaccination, and intention to receive HPV vaccination among marriage-immigrant women, and identified factors associated with intention to receive HPV vaccination. The subjects of this study were 136 marriage-immigrant women in J Province. Data were collected from September 28 to December 21, 2017, and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 24.0. The participants' knowledge of HPV was low (mean score, 2.74) and their attitude towards HPV vaccination was positive (mean score, 36.66). The factors affecting the intention to take the HPV vaccination included Vietnamese nationality (odds ratio [OR]=2.899, p=.048), desire for education about the HPV vaccine (OR=5.967, p<.001), and a positive attitude towards HPV vaccination (OR=1.083, p=.034). Therefore, educational programs about HPV vaccination targeting marriage-immigrant women are needed. It is also necessary to provide accurate information about the HPV vaccination using various methods, at health care facilities and through mass media.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2019

On December 31, 2018, an incident occurred where a doctor was attacked and killed by a patient carrying a lethal weapon in the outpatients' clinic of the psychiatric department of a tertiary general hospital. The suspect was diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder (manic depressive disorder) and has been hospitalized and cared for in the psychiatric ward of this hospital. This incident illustrates the necessity of more active cures and therapeutic intervention for mental patients with intellectual developmental disorders who require treatment considering the fact that a radical outcome has been caused by such a patient. However, on the other hand, there is also a need for an approach and analysis from the perspective of crime prevention for all medical departments. The reason for this is that even a tertiary general hospital equipped with the largest human resources, medical devices, facilities, and so forth, is susceptible to violence. As for illegal actions perpetrated against health and medical service personnel in medical institutions, such as verbal abuse, assault, injury, etc. there have neither been understanding shown for the current extent of damage in detail, nor discussions of active institutional improvement related to the seriousness of the act. It can be said that violence in the field of medical treatment is a realm requiring serious discussion and appropriate remedial actions. This is because when such incidents take place, if a patient who is supposed to get treatment from the damaged health care provider is in an urgent situation or on the waiting list of serious cases, he or she could suffer serious damage caused by deprivation of treatment opportunity, or secondary damage might be caused to the patient and/or a guardian who can hardly have an opportunity to take action. Accordingly, in this review, we would like to help create the necessary conditions for both health and medical service personnel and patients/guardians, respectively, to provide and receive medical treatment in a more secure environment. Therefore, objective assessment of the institution and issues relating to this aforementioned incident and general cases of violence occurring in medical institutions, and by suggesting legal and institutional improvements and solutions.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2019

Background: Understanding the burden of disease is important to establish cost-effective treatment strategies and to allocate healthcare resources appropriately. However, little reliable information is available regarding the overall economic burden imposed by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Korea. Methods: This study is a multicenter observational research on the COPD burden in Korea. Total COPD costs were comprised of three categories: direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect costs. For direct medical costs, institutional investigation was performed at 13 medical facilities mainly based on the claims data. For direct non-medical and indirect costs, site-based surveys were administered to the COPD patients during routine visits. Total costs were estimated using the COPD population defined in the recent report. Results: The estimated total costs were approximately 1,245 million US dollar (1,408 billion Korean won). Direct medical costs comprised approximately 20% of the total estimated costs. Of these, formal medical costs held more than 80%. As direct non-medical costs, nursing costs made up the largest percentage (39%) of the total estimated costs. Costs for COPD-related loss of productivity formed four fifths of indirect costs, and accounted for up to 33% of the total costs. Conclusion: This study shows for the first time the direct and indirect costs of COPD in Korea. The total costs were enormous, and the costs of nursing and lost productivity comprised approximately 70% of total costs. The results provide insight for an effective allocation of healthcare resources and to inform establishment of strategies to reduce national burden of COPD.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.80-93
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• 2018

The following results could be obtained from the research on awareness and satisfaction of the tourists who joined the program 'A Journey in Search of King Mu's Road'. With regard to awareness of the site tour program, tourists replied that they participated in the program mainly because of their interest in education for their children. They expressed great needs for the municipal government office to maintain walkways, signboards and guide maps as well as to reinforce safety facilities as a measure to increase satisfaction with the site tour on the part of visitors and tourists. In terms of satisfaction with operation and management of the site tour program, the contents of the program were highly appreciated while it turned out necessary to rediscover garden culture resources and to develop and operate an expanded internal tour course for tourists to look around inside the relics by utilizing the recently excavated Baekje historical resources. As a consequence, it might be expected possible to experience and educate the local history and garden culture thanks to the historical culture and environmental values that have been preserved in the Baekje cultural circles. Moreover, the importance of walking trips will be recognized for its effects to allow those who get tired from daily life to come into contact with nature, practice self-reflection and care for their health as well.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2021

As the demand for elderly care service has been on rise due to the increasing of the aging population, the role of visiting caregivers becomes increasingly important. In this context, this study aims to examine whether there are moderating effects of social support and self-efficacy on the relationship between resilience of visiting caregivers and their burnouts. The hierarchical regression analysis was used for statistical analysis. The findings from the study are as follow. First, resilience has a negative effect on burnout. As the resilience increases, the burnout decreases. Second, social support has moderating effects on the relationship between a resilience sub-variable(positivity) and burnout. Third, self-efficacy has a moderating effect on the relationship between a resilience sub-variable(self-regulation) and burnout. The findings of the study suggest that nursing facilities pay attention to psychological characteristics of visiting caregivers as well as their job characteristics in designing burnout prevention programs for them.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2021

One year has passed since the pandemic of COVID-19, which occurred in Wuhan, China, in November 2019 began. Worldwide, as of January 2021, more than 95 million people have been infected, and the death toll is higher than 2 million. In Korea, there are 74,262 infected and 1,328 dead, and government policies such as social distancing to prevent infection are being implemented. Accordingly, many inconveniences occurred in the physical activity environment, such as the closure of various sports facilities. It was necessary to consider physical activities to maintain healthy life while cooperating with the national policy while preventing infection. This study investigated the benefits of physical activity to reduce the risk of trichomoniasis and diabetes, improve bone mineral density, prolong healthy lifespan, maintain activity performance with aging, and improve psychological anxiety and depression. In addition, the physiological changes that may occur in the situation of stopping exercise due to social distancing to prevent COVID-19 infection were reviewed. In addition, moderate-intensity exercise that helps strengthen immune function by activating natural killer cells, neutrophils, and antibody responses was investigated. In addition, it reduces the level and function of blood B-cells, T-cells, and natural killer cells for several hours, decreases phagocytosis of neutrophils in the nasal cavity, increases inflammatory cytokines, decreases immune function, and increases infection. High-intensity exercise was considered. Therefore, in the age of COVID-19, long-term high-intensity exercise such as marathon, which causes impaired immune function, should be refrained from. And you should do moderate-intensity regular aerobic exercise such as fast walking to help prevent infection. It is also recommended to participate in resistance exercises to prevent loss of muscle mass.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.578-592
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to verify the relationship between medical service quality, relationship quality and patient loyalty in domestic nursing hospitals and the mediating effect between medical service quality and patient loyalty. A survey was conducted on 324 inpatients in nursing hospitals, and statistical analysis was conducted on the collected data through questionnaire survey. The following main results were derived. First, among the quality of medical services, the reputation of nursing facility equipment, nursing medical staff, nursing service system, and nursing facility was found to have a significant positive effect on the quality of the relationship, but medical expenses had no significant effect. Second, among the quality of the relationship, both trust and commitment were found to have a significant positive effect on patient loyalty. Third, among the quality of medical services, the reputation of nursing facility equipment, nursing medical staff, nursing service system, and nursing facility was found to have a significant positive effect on patient loyalty, but medical expenses had no significant effect. Fourth, it was found that nursing facility equipment, nursing medical staff, nursing service system, and reputation of nursing facilities, excluding nursing care expenses, all had a positive effect on patient loyalty through the quality of relationships between patients and hospitals.