• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2014

This study was conducted to assess diet-related health appraisal for cardiometabolic diseases of the college students in Gyeonggi-do. The survey data obtained by 21 questionnaire(6 general characteristics and 15 food behaviors) given to 90 students, 41 males and 49 females. The average age of the subjects was 22.2 years old for the male students and 20.9 years old for the female students(p<0.001). Among the subjects, 35 males and 47 females' height, weight and percentage of body fat were measured using bioelectrical impedance(Inbody 720). The average height, weight, Body Mass Index and percent body fat of the subjects were 175.7cm, 69.5kg, 22.4 and 16.9% for males and 162.0cm, 53.5kg, 20.4 and 27.7% for females, respectively (p<0.001). Male students had a higher prevalence of smoking compared with female students(p<0.001). Females had higher intake frequency of fruits than males(p<0.05). Males had higher intake frequency of fishes than females(p<0.05). Male students had higher number of side dishes at mealtime compared with female students. There were no difference between the sexes in intake frequency of dairy, ramyeon, rice with whole grain, 3-layered pork belly, processed meat, soft drinks, soy products and fast food. Also, there were no difference between sexes in number of vegetables per day, frequency of eating out, prevalence of eating kimchi at every meal. Cardiometabolic risks were calculated by 'Diet-related health risk appraisal'. Male students had higher cardiometabolic risks(hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, abdominal obesity) than female students(p<0.001). Appropriate nutritional education for college male students may help to prevent cardiometabolic diseases in the future.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2011

Limited information from human studies indicates that dietary quercetin supplementation influences blood lipid profiles, glycemic response, and inflammatory status, collectively termed cardiometabolic risks. We tested the hypothesis that quercetin-rich supplementation, derived from onion peel extract, improves cardiometabolic risk components in healthy male smokers in a randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled parallel design. Randomly assigned subjects were instructed to take either the placebo (n=43) or 100 mg quercetin capsules each day (n=49) for 10 weeks. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured, and blood lipids, glucose, interleukin-6, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were determined at baseline and after 10 weeks of quercetin supplementation. Quercetin-rich supplementation significantly reduced serum concentrations of total cholesterol (P<0.05) and LDL-cholesterol (P<0.01), whereas these effects were not shown in the placebo group. Furthermore, significant increases were observed in serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol both in the placebo (P<0.005) and quercetin-rich supplementation group (P<0.001); however, changes in HDL-cholesterol were significantly greater in subjects receiving quercetin-rich supplementation than the placebo. Both systolic (P<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.01) decreased significantly in the quercetin-rich supplementation group. Glucose concentrations decreased significantly after 10 weeks of quercetin-rich supplementation (P<0.05). In contrast, no effects of quercetin-rich supplementation were observed for the inflammatory markers-IL-6 and sVCAM-1. Daily quercetin-rich supplementation from onion peel extract improved blood lipid profiles, glucose, and blood pressure, suggesting a beneficial role for quercetin as a preventive measure against cardiovascular risk.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2023

Purpose : The 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee specifically noted that meal frequency is associated with risks for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality, although the current evidence on meal frequency is conflicting. As meal frequency itself is affected by various factors, the aim of the study was not only to examine its relationships with cardiometabolic risk but also to identify the mediating effects of dietary quality. Methods : This study used a descriptive correlational design. In all 8,141 healthy adults participated in the study. Measurements included meal frequency, cardiometabolic risk, and diet quality. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and process macro bootstrapping model 4. Results : The meal frequency was 3.52±0.61 times per day, the risk of cardiovascular metabolic diseases was 0.01±0.61 points, and the diet quality was 62.08±13.87 points. In mediation analysis, the effect of meal frequency on cardiometabolic risk score was completely mediated by diet quality. Conclusion : Improved diet quality in healthy adults should be considered when designing meal frequency interventions aimed at reducing their cardiometabolic risk, as the effect of meal frequency support on cardiometabolic risk was found to be mediated by diet quality.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권11호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2016

The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), calculated by dividing the waist circumference (WC) by height, has recently gained attention as an anthropometric index for central adiposity. It is an easy-to-use and less age-dependent index to identify individuals with increased cardiometabolic risk. A WHtR cutoff of 0.5 can be used in different sex and ethnic groups and is generally accepted as a universal cutoff for central obesity in children (aged ${\geq}6$ years) and adults. However, the WHtR has not been validated in preschool children, and the routine use of WHtR in children under age 6 is not recommended. Prospective studies and meta-analysis in adults revealed that the WHtR is equivalent to or slightly better than WC and superior to body mass index (BMI) in predicting higher cardiometabolic risk. In children and adolescents, studies have shown that the WHtR is similar to both BMI and WC in identifying those at an increased cardiometabolic risk. Additional use of WHtR with BMI or WC may be helpful because WHtR considers both height and central obesity. WHtR may be preferred because of its simplicity and because it does not require sex- and age-dependent cutoffs; additionally, the simple message 'keep your WC to less than half your height' may be particularly useful. This review article summarizes recent publications on the usefulness of using WHtR especially when compared to BMI and WC as a screening tool for obesity and related cardiometabolic risks, and recommends the use of WHtR in clinical practice for obesity screening in children and adolescents.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.199-217
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• 2023

People with higher genetic predisposition to obesity are more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and healthy plant-based foods may be associated with reduced risks of obesity and other metabolic markers. We investigated whether healthy plant-foods-rich dietary patterns might have inverse associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in participants at genetically elevated risk of obesity. For this cross-sectional study, 377 obese and overweight women were chosen from health centers in Tehran, Iran. We calculated a healthy plant-based diet index (h-PDI) in which healthy plant foods received positive scores, and unhealthy plant and animal foods received reversed scores. A genetic risk score (GRS) was developed based on 3 polymorphisms. The interaction between GRS and h-PDI on cardiometabolic traits was analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM). We found significant interactions between GRS and h-PDI on body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.02), body fat mass (p = 0.04), and waist circumference (p = 0.056). There were significant gene-diet interactions for healthful plant-derived diets and BMI-GRS on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p = 0.03), aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.04), alanine transaminase (p = 0.05), insulin (p = 0.04), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (p = 0.002). Adherence to h-PDI was more strongly related to decreased levels of the aforementioned markers among participants in the second or top tertile of GRS than those with low GRS. These results highlight that following a plant-based dietary pattern considering genetics appears to be a protective factor against the risks of cardiometabolic abnormalities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.733-741
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• 2008

고혈압 환자 110명을 대상으로 혈장 고분자량 아디포넥틴과 총 아디포넥틴 농도를 측정하고 심장-대사위험인자와의 관련성을 비교 평가한 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 비만군과 비비만군으로 나누어 비교한 결과, 고분자량 아디포넥틴 농도는 비만군에서 유의적으로 낮았으나 총 아디포넥틴 농도는 두군간 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2) 비만도를 나타내는 BMI 및 허리둘레의 경우 고분자량 아디포넥틴과 음의 상관관계를 보였으나 혈장 아디포넥틴과는 유의적인 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 3) 혈액 지질 수준과의 상관성 평가시, 고분자량 아디포넥틴은 중성지방과 음의 상관관계를, 고밀도 콜레스테롤과는 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 혈장 아디포넥틴의 경우 단지고밀도 콜레스테롤과 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 4) 인슐린 저항성 지표인 HOMA-IR의 경우 고분자량 아디포넥틴 및 혈장 아디포넥틴 모두와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 5) 염증지표와의 상관성 분석 시, 고분자량 아디포넥틴은 C-반응성 단백질, IL-6과 강한 음의 상관 관계를 TNF-${\alpha}$, ICAM-1과 음의 경향을 보였으나 혈장 아디포넥틴은 C-반응성 단백질외에는 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 또한 회귀분석 결과, 혈장 고분자량 아디포넥틴 농도는 C-반응성 단백질 수준을 예측하는 독립적 인자였다. 위의 결과로 보아 고분자량 아디포넥틴은 혈장 아디포넥틴보다 전반적으로 심장-대사위험인자와 더 많은 상관성을 보여주었다. 따라서 심혈관 질환 및 대사성증후군을 예측하고 반영하는 데 혈장 고분자량 아디포넥틴 수준이 총 아디포넥틴 수준보다 민감하고 정확한 지표로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.