• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.498-505
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• 1987

From June 1984 to Aug. 1986, 90 cases of open heart surgery were performed at the department of cardiothoracic surgery of Kosin Medical College. There were 63 cases of congenital cardiac anomalies and 27 cases of acquired heart diseases. The sex ratio of congenital and acquired heart diseases were represented as 1.4:1 and 1:1.5 respectively. The age distribution was ranged from 7/12 to 56 years old. Among the 63 congenital cardiac anomalies, 49 cases of acyanotic group and 14 cases of cyanotic group were noted. In 49 cases of acyanotic group, 32 VSD, 15 ASD, 1 PS, and 1 RCA-LV fistula were noticed. In 14 cases of cyanotic group, 7 TOF, 1 TOF (Dextrosardia) combined with IVC interruption, 1 Triology of Fallot, 2 Pentalogy of Fallot. 1 DORV, 1 TA with PDA, VSD, ASD and Left SVC and 1 TAPVC were included. Of the 27 acquired heart diseases, 13 mitral, 3 aortic , 6 bival, 3 triplevalvular diseases and 2 LA myxomas were noted. Overall mortality were 11 cases, which included 2 cases of acyanotic heart diseases, 6 cases of cyanotic heart diseases and 3 cases of acquired hear diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.137-150
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• 2009

Background: Heart failure can develop secondary to various heart diseases (e.g. mitral valvular insufficiency, congenital heart defects, heart worm infection). The clinical signs of heart failure can be confused with those of other conditions, such as respiratory disease. Therefore, specific, sensitive, rapid and inexpensive blood tests for heart failure are desirable. Cardiac troponins, natriuretic peptides and cytokines have been more recently used as indicators of heart disease in humans and animals. These peptides are sensitive to changes in vasoconstriction and dilation within the heart and are used for the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure. Methods: Previously developed and newly developed cardiac biomarkers will be discussed for understating clinical implications and diagnostic values in heart diseases in small animals

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2012

The importance of the diseases which are differentiated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) cannot be overemphasized in insurance medicine. Although there are lots of diseases similar with AMI, in this paper, 5 diseases were described; Myocardial bridging, cocaine toxicity, myocarditis, cardiac syndrome X, and Takotsubo syndrome. Costs of the interventions like coronary angiography or echocardiography are relatively low in Korea compared to western countries. Therefore, detection of those diseases has been increased recently and illegal drug addiction also has been increased probably due to globalization. In conclusion, the knowledge of those diseases dealt with this article could be helpful for the person who is related to insurance medicine.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1052-1059
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• 1988

297 cases of military personnel and 7 cases of civilian were operated in K.A.F.C.H. from January 1982 to October 1988 due to cardiovascular disease, which consist of 202 cases [66.4%] of vascular disease, 91 cases [29.9%] of cardiac disease, and 11 cases [3.6%] of pericardial disease. Mean age was 25.8*7.2[2S.D.] year of age and nearly all patients were male except 4 cases of female patient in civilian. Of the 253 cases [83.2%] of acquired disease, vascular diseases were 149 cases [583%], traumatic cardiovascular 54 [21.3%], cardiac 40 [15.8%], and pericardial 10 [4.0%]. Of the 51 cases [16.8%] of congenital diseases, cardiac anomalies were 48 cases [94.1%], vascular 2 [3.9%] and pericardial 1 [2.0%]. Open heart surgery was done in 83 cases of cardiac disease, which consists of 39 cases [46.9%] of valvular heart disease, 22 cases [26.59o] of ASD, 14 cases [16.9%] of VSD, 2 cases [2.4%] of partial ECD, and so on. Of the 6 cases [2.0%] of over-all mortality, operative death in open heart surgery was 4 cases[4.8%].

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.426-437
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• 2024

Objective: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a diagnostic tool that provides precise and reproducible information about cardiac structure, function, and tissue characterization, aiding in the monitoring of chemotherapy response in patients with light-chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA). This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of CMR in monitoring responses to chemotherapy in patients with AL-CA. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, we enrolled 111 patients with AL-CA (50.5% male; median age, 54 [interquartile range, 49-63] years). Patients underwent longitudinal monitoring using biomarkers and CMR imaging. At follow-up after chemotherapy, patients were categorized into superior and inferior response groups based on their hematological and cardiac laboratory responses to chemotherapy. Changes in CMR findings across therapies and differences between response groups were analyzed. Results: Following chemotherapy (before vs. after), there were significant increases in myocardial T2 (43.6 ± 3.5 ms vs. 44.6 ± 4.1 ms; P = 0.008), recovery in right ventricular (RV) longitudinal strain (median of -9.6% vs. -11.7%; P = 0.031), and decrease in RV extracellular volume fraction (ECV) (median of 53.9% vs. 51.6%; P = 0.048). These changes were more pronounced in the superior-response group. Patients with superior cardiac laboratory response showed significantly greater reductions in RV ECV (-2.9% [interquartile range, -8.7%-1.1%] vs. 1.7% [-5.5%-7.1%]; P = 0.017) and left ventricular ECV (-2.0% [-6.0%-1.3%] vs. 2.0% [-3.0%-5.0%]; P = 0.01) compared with those with inferior response. Conclusion: Cardiac amyloid deposition can regress following chemotherapy in patients with AL-CA, particularly showing more prominent regression, possibly earlier, in the RV. CMR emerges as an effective tool for monitoring associated tissue characteristics and ventricular functional recovery in patients with AL-CA undergoing chemotherapy, thereby supporting its utility in treatment response assessment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.335-345
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• 2022

Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that is linked with invading intracellular pathogens. Cardiac pyroptosis has a significant role in coronary microembolization (CME), thus causing myocardial injury. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) has powerful cardioprotective effects. Hence, this study aimed to identify the effect of Tan IIA on CME and its underlying mechanism. Forty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly grouped into sham, CME, CME + low-dose Tan IIA, and CME + high-dose Tan IIA groups. Except for the sham group, polyethylene microspheres (42 ㎛) were injected to establish the CME model. The Tan-L and Tan-H groups received intraperitoneal Tan IIA for 7 days before CME. After CME, cardiac function, myocardial histopathology, and serum myocardial injury markers were assessed. The expression of pyroptosis-associated molecules and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/NLRP3 cascade was evaluated by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, ELISA, and IHC. Relative to the sham group, CME group's cardiac functions were significantly reduced, with a high level of serum myocardial injury markers, and microinfarct area. Also, the levels of caspase-1 p20, GSDMD-N, IL-18, IL-1β, TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-κB p65, NLRP3, and ASC expression were increased. Relative to the CME group, the Tan-H and Tan-L groups had considerably improved cardiac functions, with a considerably low level of serum myocardial injury markers and microinfarct area. Tan IIA can reduce the levels of pyroptosis-associated mRNA and protein, which may be caused by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/NLRP3 cascade. In conclusion, Tanshinone IIA can suppress cardiomyocyte pyroptosis probably through modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/NLRP3 cascade, lowering cardiac dysfunction, and myocardial damage.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.825-835
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• 2009

The advance in medical technology has decreased death rates from diseases such as tubercle, pneumonia, malnutrition, and hepatitis. However, death rates from cardiac diseases are still increasing. To prevent cardiac diseases and quantify cardiac function, magnetic resonance imaging not harmful to the body is used for calculating blood volumes and ejection fraction(EF) on routine clinics. In this paper, automatic left ventricle(LV) segmentation is presented to segment LV and calculate blood volume and EF, which can replace labor intensive and time consuming manual contouring. Radial threshold determination is designed to segment LV and blood volume and EF are calculated. Especially, basal slices which were difficult to segment in previous researches are segmented automatically almost without user intervention. On short axis cardiac MRI of 36 subjects, the presented algorithm is compared with manual contouring and General Electronic MASS software. The results show that the presented algorithm performs in similar to the manual contouring and outperforms the MASS software in accuracy.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.247-257
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• 2022

Background and Objectives: Although human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) can be efficiently differentiated into cardiomyocytes (CMs), the heterogeneity of the hiPSC-CMs hampers their applications in research and regenerative medicine. Retinoic acid (RA)-mediated signaling pathway has been proved indispensable in cardiac development and differentiation of hiPSC toward atrial CMs. This study was aimed to test whether RA signaling pathway can be manipulated to direct the differentiation into sinoatrial node (SAN) CMs. Methods and Results: Using the well-characterized GiWi protocol that cardiomyocytes are generated from hiPSC via temporal modulation of Wnt signaling pathway by small molecules, RA signaling pathway was manipulated during the differentiation of hiPSC-CMs on day 5 post-differentiation, a crucial time point equivalent to the transition from cardiac mesoderm to cardiac progenitor cells in cardiac development. The resultant CMs were characterized at mRNA, protein and electrophysiology levels by a combination of qPCR, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and whole-cell patch clamp. The results showed that activation of the RA signaling pathway biased the differentiation of atrial CMs, whereas inhibition of the signaling pathway biased the differentiation of sinoatrial node-like cells (SANLCs). Conclusions: Our study not only provides a novel and simple strategy to enrich SANLCs but also improves our understanding of the importance of RA signaling in the differentiation of hiPSC-CMs.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.332-340
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• 2022

Background: Cardiac dysfunction patients have long been considered at high risk of reintubation. However, it is based on past studies in which only conventional oxygen therapy was applied after extubation. We investigated association between cardiac dysfunction and reintubation rate in situation where high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was widely used during post-extubation period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of patients treated with HFNC after planned extubation in medical intensive care unit of single tertiary center. Patients were divided into normal function group (ejection fraction [EF] ≥45%) and cardiac dysfunction group (EF <45%). The primary outcome was reintubation rate within 72 hours following extubation. Results: Of 270 patients, 35 (13%) had cardiac dysfunction. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. There were no differences in the changes in vital signs between the two groups during the first 12 hours after extubation except diastolic blood pressure. The reintubation rates were 20% and 17% for cardiac dysfunction group and normal function group, respectively (p=0.637). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, cardiac dysfunction was not associated with an increased risk of reintubation within 72 hours following extubation (hazard ratio, 1.56; p=0.292). Conclusion: Cardiac dysfunction was not associated with increased reintubation rate within 72 hours when HFNC is immediately applied after planned extubation.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.7-14
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• 1979

Radionuclide cardiac angiography has distinct advantages in safety, patient comfort, cost and ease of performance. This method offers diagnostic accuracy equivalent to that of cardiac catheterization. By this method the qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of the cardiac shunts are available. Also for it is repeatable with ease and more physiologic, it has application in following pre- and post-operative shunt patients. We performed the radionuclide cardiac angiographies in 147 cases of heart diseases and 26 cases of normal group. 1. The detection of left-to-right shunt was possible in 22 of 24 patients, and 2 patients were not diagnosed due to small shunt amount. (Qp/Qs<1.3) In 21 patients of right-to-left shunt, all were diagnosed by radionuclide cardiac angiography. 2. With the pulmonary time-activity curve, $C_2/C_1$ ratio was calculated. In normal control group, a range of $C_2/C_1$ ratios of $21{\sim}38%$ was established with a mean value of $28.6{\pm}4.6%$. In patients with left-to-right shunts determined by catheterization data, the range of $C_2/C_1$ ratio was $33{\sim}90%$, with a mean value of $67.8{\pm}12.2%$. 3. In 8 cases of left-to-right shunt, $Q_p/Q_s$ ratios determined by radionuclide cardiac angiography were compaired with those of cardiac catheterization. The correlation coefficient was 0.907. (P<0.001) 4. Postoperative radionuclide cardiac angiographies were done in 21 cases. 3 of 13 patients with left-to-right shunts were found to have residual shunts. 8 patients with right-to-left shunts were confirmed to have no residual shunt.