• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7517-7522
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• 2015

Onion (Allium cepa) consumption has been remarked in folk medicine which has not been noted to be administered so far as an adjunct to conventional doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study aimed to investigate the effects of consuming fresh yellow onions on hepatic enzymes and cancer specific antigens compared with a low-onion containing diet among breast cancer (BC) participants treated with doxorubicin. This parallel design randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 56 BC patients whose malignancy was confirmed with histopathological examination. Subjects were assigned in a stratified-random allocation into either group received body mass index dependent 100-160 g/d of onion as high onion group (HO; n=28) or 30-40 g/d small onion in low onion group (LO; n=28) for eight weeks intervention. Participants, care givers and laboratory assessor were blinded to the assignments (IRCT registry no: IRCT2012103111335N1). The compliance of participants in the analysis was appropriate (87.9%). Comparing changes throughout pre- and post-dose treatments indicated significant controls on carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen-125 and alkaline phosphatase levels in the HO group (P<0.05). Our findings for the first time showed that regular onion administration could be effective for hepatic enzyme conveying adjuvant chemotherapy relevant toxicity and reducing the tumor markers in BC during doxorubicin-based chemotherapy.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was aimed to report a patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with modified Bangam-tang and Gunchil-dan in conjunction with gemcitabine. There were better survival-related outcomes compared to gemcitabine alone. Methods: The patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer received gemcitabine as palliative chemotherapy since June 2016 concurrent with modified Bangam-tang and Gunchil-dan since October 2016 to October 2017. To evaluate the effect of treatment, tumor markers (carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)), Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, and overall survival were checked. Adverse events were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Results: After 12 months with the combination treatment, levels of CA19-9 were decreased from 8747 to 265.7 ng/ml and CEA from 42.2 to 6.5 U/ml. Clinical partial response state was shown until May 2, 2017 and stable disease state was maintained from August 4, 2017. In March 2018, the patient got an operation including pancreatectomy and diagnosed with no evidence of disease state in September, 2018. In conclusion, it showed the overall survival of 29 months from June, 2016 to November, 2018. Serious adverse events were not identified. Conclusions: This study suggested that combined treatment with modified Bangam-tang and Gunchil-dan may show better outcome in patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer than gemcitabine alone.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.322-331
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• 1995

연구배경: 폐종양환자의 혈청에서 증가되는 종양표지자는 여러가지 알려져 있다. 그러나 CEA이외는 기본적으로 시행되는 경우는 드물다. 2가지 이상의 종양표지자를 사용하면 민감도를 높일수 있으며 이중 CEA는 선암에 SCC Ag는 편평세포암에 NSE는 소세포암에 각각 민감도가 높은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이 3가지 표지자를 동시에 측정하는 것의 진단적 가치를 알아보고자 본연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 폐암군 113예(남자 90명, 여자 23명)와 대조군 103예(남자 61명, 여자 43명)로 하였다. 편평세포암 70예, 선암 30예, 소세포폐암 13예 였다. 대조군은 양성 폐질환 환자를 대상으로 하였고 폐결핵 55예, 노인성폐질환 24예, 폐렴 11예, 기타 13예 였다. 혈청을 채취후 CEA는 측정은 CEA EIA kit(Roche사, German)를 이용하여 Sandwich Enzyme Immunoassay방법으로, SCC Ag의 측정은 Microparticle Enzyme Immunoassay(MIEA)방법의 IMx SCC Assay Kit(Abbott사, USA)를 사용하였고 NSE의 측정은 CEA와 같은 방법으로 NSE EIA Kit(Roche사, German)를 이용하였다. 결과: 1) 폐암군 표지자값은 CEA $12.1{\pm}6.7ng/ml$, SCC Ag $2.1{\pm}3.1ng/ml$, NSE $13.7{\pm}2.2ng/ml$ 이었고 대조군의 수치보다 유의하게 높았다(각각 P<0.001). 2) 조직별 분류시 CEA는 선암군에, SCC Ag는 편평세포임군에, NSE는 소세포암군에 유의하게 높았다(각각 p=0.03, 0.001, 0.0012). 병기별 분류시 병기가 높을 수록 값이 높았지만 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 3) ROC curve상 CEA가 3지표자중 가장 좋았고, SCC Ag는 민감도는 전체적으로 낮으나 편평상피암에는 특이하게 높았으며 NSE도 전체적으로 CEA만큼 우수하였다. 4) 민감도는 편평세포암군 SCC Ag 67.1%, 선암군 CEA 73.3%, 소세포암군 NSE가 76.9%로 높았고 특이도는 전체적으로 NSE가 우수했다. 5) 표지자를 조합시 민감도가 가장 많이 증가한 것은 편평세포암(90%)이고, 증가가 미미한 것은 선암(80%) 이었다. 6) 종양표지자의 수에 때론 폐암 비교예측도는 1표 지자도 양성이 없을시 17% 이었다. 1표지자가 양성시 예측도가 59%, 2표지자 양성시 77%, 3표지자 양성시 90% 였다. 결론: SCC Ag는 편평세포암에 비교적 국한되어 상승하며 CEA는 3암종에 비특이적으로 증가하는 경우가 많고, NSE는 소세포암에 민감하고 특이도가 3암 모두에서 높았다. 3가지 조합시 큰 도움이 되지 못한 암종은 선암이었고, 가장 도움을 얻을 수 있는 것은 편평세포암이었다. 이로 CEA에 SCC Ag와 NSE를 동시에 측정하는 것이 폐암의 진단과 조직형의 감별에 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.106-115
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• 1995

Reactive humsn mesothelial cells were examined by immunocytochemical stain with intermediate filaments (cytokeratin [CK1, CK7, CK8, CK18, CD19), vimentin, desmin, actin), epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), MHC class II antigen (HLA-DR), LeuM-1 (CD15), $\alpha1-antitrypsin$(ACT), $\alpha1-antichymotrypsin$ (ACHT), CD68(KP-1) and FcyRIII(CD16). The mesothelial cells were isolated from patients with liver cirrhosis and pleural effusion, and short-term cultured in RPMI 1640 media containing 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum and 1% identical supernatant fluid of the patients' transudates. The results obtained are as follows 1. The cultured-reactive mesothelial cells were positive for the protein of cytoskeleton such as cytokeratin and vimentin, but negative for desmin and actin. The resting mesothelial cells showed positive reactions for cylokeratin, but negative for vimentin, desmin and actin. 2. The primary antibodies to the cytokeratin were strongly reactive for CK1, CK8 and CK18 but negative for CK7 and CK19 in both reactive and resting mesothelial cells. 3. Resting mesothelial cells showed negative reactions for CEA, but strong positive reactions in cultured-reactive mesothelial cells. 4. The markers for the monocytes/histiocytes(CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD68, Iysozyme and $\alpha1-antitrypsin$ and $\alpha1-antichymotrypsin$) were nonreactive in resting mesothelial cells, but lysozyme and $\alpha1-antitrypsin$ were weakly reactive in reactive and proliferative mesothelial cells. 5. MHC Class II molecule(HLA-DR antigen) was negative in both resting and reactive mesothelial cells. These results suggest that the short-term cultured, reactive mesothelial cells show a newly aberrant expression of the vimentin and calcine-embryonic antigen. The reason of the aberrant expression of the intermediate filament and oncofetal antigen in reactive and proliferative mesothelial cells should be further evaluated.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2019

Purpose: Intraoperative peritoneal washing cytology (PWC) is used to determine treatment strategies for gastric cancer with suspected serosal invasion. However, a standard staining method for intraoperative PWC remains to be established. We evaluated the feasibility of a rapid and simple staining method using Shorr's stain for intraoperative PWC in advanced gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Between November 2012 and December 2014, 77 patients with clinical T3 or higher gastric cancer were enrolled. The sensitivity, specificity, and concordance between the Shorr staining method and conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) staining with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) immunohistochemistry (IHC) were analyzed. Results: Intraoperative PWC was performed laparoscopically in 69 patients (89.6%). The average time of the procedure was 8.3 minutes, and the average amount of aspirated fluids was 83.3 mL. The average time for Shorr staining and pathologic review was 21.0 minutes. Of the 77 patients, 16 (20.7%) had positive cytology and 7 (9.1%) showed atypical findings; sensitivity and specificity were 73.6% and 98.2% for the Shorr method, and 78.9% and 98.2% for the Pap method with CEA IHC, respectively. Concordance of diagnosis between the 2 methods was observed in 90.9% of cases (weighted ${\kappa}$ statistic=0.875) and most disagreements in diagnoses occurred in atypical findings (6/7). In overall survival, there was no significant difference in C-index between the 2 methods (0.459 in Shorr method vs. 0.458 in Pap with CEA IHC method, P=0.987). Conclusions: Shorr staining could be a rapid and reliable method for intraoperative PWC in advanced gastric cancer.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2009

목적: 대장암 재발의 조기진단은 생존율을 증가시키는 중요한 인자이다. 대장암의 재발이나 전이를 진단하는데 있어 혈청 CEA, CA 19-9 등의 종양표지 자와 CT 등의 가장 많이 이용되어 왔고 최근 새로운 진단기술로서 PET/CT의 이용이 증가되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 근치적 수술을 포함한 치료를 시행하고 재발이나 전이의 증거가 없었던 상태에서 추적관찰을 받았던 대장암 환자에서 FDG PET/CT의 정기 추적 검사로서의 진단 성능을 혈청 CEA, CA 19-9, CT와 비교하고자 시행하였다 대상 및 방법: 수술적 치료 후 추적관찰 중인 대장암 환자 189명을 대상으로 하였다. PET/CT상에서 관찰된 비정상적인 FDG 섭취 증가 병소는 생검이나 6개월 이상 방사선학적 검사의 추적관찰로서 전이여부 판단하였다. PET/CT시행시기에서 6주 이내에 모든 환자에서 혈청 CEA, 174명의 환자에서 CA 19-9를 측정하였다. 115명의 환자에서 PET/CT 시행 시기 2개월 이내에 CT를 시행하였다. PET/CT 상에서 관찰된 비정상적인 FDG 셥취 증가 병소는 생검이나 6개월 이내의 방사선학적 검사와 임상적 진단의 추적 관찰로 재발이나 전이 병소로 진단하였다. 결과: 국소적 재발 및 전이가 발견된 환자는 76명(40.2%)이었다. 재발 또는 전이 병소는 총 81개였고 간과 폐에서 29개와 16개로 가장 많이 나타났다. PET/CT의 민감도, 특이도, 양성예측도, 음성예측도는 94.7%, 91.1%, 87.8%, 96.2%이고 혈청 CEA 치수는 44.7%, 97.3%, 91.8%, 72.3%였다. 종양표지 자와 PET/CT와의 비교에서는 PET/CT가 종양표지 자보다 민감도(94.2%, 52.1%)와 특이도(90.4%, 88.5%)가 높았다. 종양표지자와 CT를 종합하여 PET/CT와 비교하였을 때 민감도는 92.9%로 동일하였지만 특이도는 PET/CT가 91.3%로 높았다. 결론: 이러한 결과로 보아 FDG PET/CT가 근치적 절제술 후 대장암의 정기적 추적 관찰에도 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6557-6562
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• 2013

Objective: Specific promoters could improve efficiency and ensure the safety of gene therapy. The aim of our study was to screen examples for lung cancer. Methods: The firefly luciferase gene was used as a reporter, and promoters based on serum markers of lung cancer were cloned. The activity and specificity of seven promoters, comprising CEACAM5 (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA), GRP (Gastrin-Releasing Peptide), KRT19 (cytokeratin 19, KRT), SFTPB (surfactant protein B, SP-B), SERPINB3 (Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen, SCCA), SELP (Selectin P, Granule Membrane Protein 140kDa, Antigen CD62, GMP) and DKK1 (Dickkopf-1) promoters were compared in lung cancer cells to obtain cancer-specific examples with strong activity. Results: The CEACAM5, DKK1, GRP, SELP, KRT19, SERPINB3 and SFTPB promoters were cloned. Furthermore, we successfully constructed recombinant vector pGL-CEACAM5 (DKK1, GRP, SELP, KRT19, SERPINB3 and SFTPB) contained the target gene. After cells were transfectedwith recombinant plasmids, we found that the order of promoter activity from high to low was SERPINB3, DKK1, SFTPB, KRT19, CEACAM5, SELP and GRP and the order for promoters regarding specificity and high potential were SERPINB3, DKK1, SELP, SFTPB, CEACAM5, KRT19 and GRP. Conclusion: The approach adopted is feasible to screen for new tumour specific promoters with biomarkers. In addition, the screened lung-specific promoters might have potential for use in lung cancer targeted gene therapy research.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2001

Transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$) is a multipotent growth factor affecting development, homeostasis and tissue repair. Many kinds of malignant tissues were reported to overexpress transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$) gene. However, a little work has been done on the circulating $TGF-{\beta}1$ and the association of $TGF-{\beta}1$ with progression in patients with malignant tumors. In this study, we measured the plasma level of $TGF-{\beta}1$ in gastric cancer and prostate cancer patients and evaluated the utility of plasma $TGF-{\beta}1$ as a possible tumor marker. We used Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system in order to measure plasma $TGF-{\beta}1$ level in 134 gastric cancer patients, 50 prostate cancer patients and 290 normal controls. And the tumor marker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), was compared with $TGF-{\beta}1$ in the aspects of sensitivity and specificity. The mean plasma $TGF-{\beta}1$ levels were $1.219{\pm}0.834$ (0.272-5.772) ng/mL in normal controls, $5.964{\pm}3.218$ (0.845-18.124) ng/mL in gastric cancer and $4.140{\pm}2.345$ (1.108-13.302) ng/mL in prostate cancer. In gastric cancer patients difference in plasma $TGF-{\beta}1$ level was not detected according to cancer stage. In comparison with other tumor marker (CEA, PSA) $TGF-{\beta}1$ is more potent in sensitivity. These results indicate that the plasma $TGF-{\beta}1$ level can be a potent tumor marker in gastric cancer and prostate cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5823-5828
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• 2015

Micronutrients in food have been found to have chemopreventive effects, supporting the conclusions from epidemiologie studies that consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables reduces cancer risk. The present study was carried out to evaluate the role of querctin (Q) and sodium gluconate (GNA) supplementation separately or in combination in ameliorating promotion of colon tumor development by dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH) in mice. Histopathological observation of colons in mice treated with DMH showed goblet cell dysplasia with inflammatory cell infiltration. This pathological finding was associated with significant alteration in oxidative stress markers in colon tissues and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in plasma. Mice co-treated with GNA and Q showed mild changes of absorptive and goblet cells and inflammatory cell infiltration in lamina properia, with improvement in oxidative stress markers. In conclusion, findings of the present study indicate significant roles for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pathogenesis of DMH-induced colon toxicity and initiation of colon cancer. Also, they suggest that Q, GNA or the combination of both have a positive beneficial effect against DMH induced colonic cancer induction in mice.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.615-625
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• 2008

Over a last decade, intense interest has been focused on biomarker discovery and their clinical uses. This interest is accelerated by the completion of human genome project and the progress of techniques in proteomics. Especially, cancer biomarker discovery is eminent in this field due to its anticipated critical role in early diagnosis, therapy guidance, and prognosis monitoring of cancers. Among cancers, lung cancer, one of the top three major cancers, is the one showing the highest mortality because of failure in early diagnosis. Numerous potential DNA biomarkers such as hypermethylations of the promoters and mutations in K-ras, p53, and protein biomarkers; carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CYFRA21-1, plasma kallikrein B1 (KLKB1), Neuron-specific enolase, etc. have been discovered as lung cancer biomarkers. Despite extensive studies thus far, few are turned out to be useful in clinic. Even those used in clinic do not show enough sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility for general use. This review describes what the cancer biomarkers are for, various types of lung cancer biomarkers discovered at present and predicted future advance in lung cancer biomarker discovery with proteomics technology.