• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2016

Background: Prevalence of adenoma in males aged 40-49 years in Korea was higher than expected. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of colorectal adenoma in males aged 40-49 years. Methods: Total 1,902 asymptomatic subjects with a mean age of $47.9{\pm}6.7years$, who underwent a screening colonoscopy in a health promotion center of Myongji Hospital from 2010 to 2013 were enrolled in this study. We conducted a case-control study to determine the risk factors for adenoma. The subjects were classified into two groups (adenoma vs. controls). To validate the diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for adenoma, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated. Results: At least one colorectal adenoma was identified in 385 subjects (20.2%). Among these 385 subjects, 372 subjects were found to have a non-advanced adenoma, 13 subjects had an invasive adenoma. One subject had cancer. Male sex, age, smoking, metabolic syndrome, and elevated CEA level were significantly associated with a colorectal adenoma in univariate analysis. However, metabolic syndrome was not significant in multivariate analysis. In the male group, the AUROC of CEA for colorectal adenoma was 0.600 (0.543 to 0.656) in non-smokers under 50 years of age, and 0.615 (0.540 to 0.690) in smokers under 50 years of age. Conclusion: Male sex, smoking, and high levels of CEA seem to be associated with colorectal adenoma. High levels of CEA and smoking may be diagnostic markers for any colorectal adenoma in Korean males aged 40-49 years.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.275-277
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• 2012

Objective: The objective of our present study was to assess the efficacy of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for differentiating and diagnosis of pancreatic and liver diseases in Pokhara valley. Materials and methods: A hospital based retrospective study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of the Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between 1st January, 2011 and 31st October, 2011. Estimation of CEA was performed by ELISA reader for all cases. Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Results: Of the 771 subjects, 208 (27%), 60(7.8%), 240(31.1%), 54(7.0%), 75(9.7%), 59(7.7%), 75(9.7%) cases were of active chronic hepatitis, cryptogenic cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, hepatoma, acute or chronic pancreatitis, carcinoma of pancreas respectively. The majority of cases (104) of active chronic hepatitis had CEA levels <5ng/ml(50%). CEA levels were found to be increased in cases of alcoholic cirrhosis with maximum number of cases (106) in range of 10 to 20 ng/ml (44%). There were no cases having more than 20ng/ml of CEA in primary biliary cirrhosis and acute or chronic pancreatitis. In cases of pancreatic cancer, maximum number of cases (35) were having CEA >20ng/ml(47%). Conclusion: High levels of CEA are associated with advanced stage of disease. CEA can thus provide an important improvement in the diagnosis by differentiating pancreatic cancer especially from chronic pancreatitis when there is a high suspicion of malignancy. Increased CEA levels may also signify progression from benign to malignant transformation in the liver.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3451-3455
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• 2014

Background: The serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level can reflect tumor growth, recurrence and metastasis. It has been reported that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in exons 19 and 21may have an important relationship with tumor cell sensitivity to EGFR-TKI therapy. In this study, we investigated the clinical value of EGFR mutations and serum CEA in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: The presence of mutations in EGFR exons 19 and 21 in the tissue samples of 315 patients with NSCLC was detected with real-time fluorescent PCR technology, while the serum CEA level in cases who had not yet undergone surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy were assessed by electrochemical luminescence. Results: The mutation rates in EGFR exons 19 and 21 were 23.2% and 14.9%, respectively, with the two combined in 3.81%. Measured prior to the start of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted treatment, serum CEA levels were abnormally high in 54.3% of the patients. In those with a serum CEA level <5 ng/mL, the EGFR mutation rate was 18.8%, while with 5~19 ng/mL and ${\geq}20ng/mL$, the rates were 36.4% and 62.5%. In addition, in the cohort of patients with the CEA level being 20~49 ng/mL, the EGFR mutation rate was 85.7%, while in those with the CEA level ${\geq}50ng/mL$, the EGFR mutation rate was only 20.0%, approximately the same as in cases with the CEA level<5 ng/mL. Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between serum CEA expression level and EGFR mutation status in NSCLC patients, namely the EGFR mutation-positive rate increases as the serum CEA expression level rises within a certain range (${\geq}20ng/mL$, especially 20~49 ng/mL). If patient samples are not suitable for EGFR mutation testing, or cannot be obtained at all, testing serum CEA levels might be a simple and easy screening method. Hence, for the NSCLC patients with high serum CEA level (${\geq}20ng/mL$, especially 20~49 ng/mL), it is worthy of attempting EGFR-TKI treatment, which may achieve better clinical efficacy and quality of life.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.391-396
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• 1994

건강 검진시 정상으로 판정된 한국 성인 2626명의 혈청 암태아성항원 농도를 이용하여 통계적 분석을 실시하였다. 1) 한국 정상 성인에서 혈청 암태아성항원의 경계치는 남자에서 9.28ng/m1, 여자에서 5.90ng/m1이었으며 이를 연령군별로 흡연력에 따른 분포를 보았더니 50세이상에선 남여 모두 항상 흡연자가 비흡연자보다 높았다. 각 연령별 흡연력에 따른 경계치는 Table 4와 같았다. 2) 혈청 암태아성항원은 연령이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 3) 혈청 암태아성항원은 흡연군에서 현재 비흡연군과 과거 흡연군 보다 높았다. 4) 혈청 암태아성항원은 남성에서 여성에서 보다 높았다. 5) 흉부 방사선 촬영에서 결핵 소견이 있으면 정상인 군보다 혈청 암태아성항원이 높았다. 6) 혈청 암태아성하원은 음주력과 비만도와는 연관이 없었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3425-3428
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• 2015

Objective: To explore the association of serum tumor abnormal protein (TAP) with other serological biomarkers e.g. carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and its clinical application in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: Patients (N=98) were enrolled into this study with histologically or cytologically confirmed CRC. Using a test kit, the level of TAP was determined, while chemiluminescence was used to measure the levels of some other common serological biomarkers e.g. CEA, CA125 and CA19-9. Results: The area of TAP condensed particulate matter decreased after chemotherapy compared with before chemotherapy when CT or MRI scans showed disease control. In contrast, it increased with disease progression (P<0.05). Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was confirmed in monitoring of TAP and common serological biomarkers e.g. CEA and CA19-9 (p<0.05). Conclusions: Detecting TAP in CRC patients has high sensitivity and specificity and can be used as a new independent indicator for clinically monitoring CRC patients in the course of chemotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.3927-3932
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• 2014

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) define specific molecular subsets of lung adenocarcinomas with distinct clinical features. Our purpose was to analyze clinical features and prognostic value of EGFR gene mutations and the EML4-ALK fusion gene in lung adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods: EGFR gene mutations and the EML4-ALK fusion gene were detected in 92 lung adenocarcinoma patients in China. Tumor marker levels before first treatment were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: EGFR mutations were found in 40.2% (37/92) of lung adenocarcinoma patients, being identified at high frequencies in never-smokers (48.3% vs. 26.5% in smokers; P=0.040) and in patients with abnormal serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels before the initial treatment (58.3% vs. 28.6%, P=0.004). Multivariate analysis revealed that a higher serum CEA level before the initial treatment was independently associated with EGFR gene mutations (95%CI: 1.476~11.343, P=0.007). We also identified 8 patients who harbored the EML4-ALK fusion gene (8.7%, 8/92). In concordance with previous reports, younger age was a clinical feature for these (P=0.008). Seven of the positive cases were never smokers, and no coexistence with EGFR mutation was discovered. In addition, the frequency of the EML4-ALK fusion gene among patients with a serum CEA concentration below 5ng/ml seemed to be higher than patients with a concentration over 5ng/ml (P=0.021). No significant difference was observed for time to progression and overall survival between EML4-ALK-positive group and EML4-ALK-negative group or between patients with and without an EGFR mutation. Conclusions: The serum CEA level before the initial treatment may be helpful in screening population for EGFR mutations or EML4-ALK fusion gene presence in lung adenocarcinoma patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3495-3499
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of interleukin 21(IL-21) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in tuberculous pleural effusions (TPEs) and malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). Pleural effusion samples from 103 patients were classified on the basis of diagnosis as TPE (n=51) and MPE (n=52). The concentration of IL-21 was determined by ELISA. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenosine dehydrogenase (ADA) and CEA levels were also determined in all patients. A significant difference was observed in the levels of ADA and CEA (P<0.01), but not in the levels of LDH (P>0.05) between TPE and MPE. The concentration of IL-21 in MPE was significantly higher compared to TPE (P<0.01). With a threshold value of 4.32 pg/ml, IL-21 had a sensitivity of 76.9% (40/52) and a specificity of 80.4% (41/51). Combined detection of IL-21 and CEA had a sensitivity of 69.2% (36/52) and a specificity of 92.2% (47/51). These two markers can contribute to the differential diagnosis of MPEs.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2007

목적: 위암 세포주 및 조직에서 다중 표지자 mRNA 발현을 정량적 RT-PCR 검사를 통해 확인함으로써 이들 표지자를 이용하여 위암의 복강내 미세전이 진단이 가능한가를 평가하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 12개의 인체 위암 세포주와 10개의 위암 조직을 대상으로 Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Cytokeratin 20 (CK20), Dopa decarboxylase (DDC), L-3-phosphoserine phosphatase (L3PP)의 네 가지 mRNA를 이용한 정량적 RT-PCR 다중 표지자 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 12개의 인체 위암 세포주 중 CEA는 4개(33%), CK-20는 1개(8%), DDC는 6개(50%), L3PP는 12개 세포주 모두(100%)에서 과발현되었다. 10개의 위암 조직 중 CEA는 9개, CK20은 3개, DDC는 9개, L3PP는 10개 조직 모두에서 과발현되었다. L3PP는 모든 위암 세포주와 조직에서 과발현을 나타내었으나 과발현 정도는 비교적 낮게 측정된 반면, CEA와 DDC는 일부 위암 세포주 및 조직에서만 과발현을 나타내었지만 파발현 시 충분한 발현도를 나타내었다. 결론: 위암 환자에서 하나 이상의 암 특이적 유전자를 이용한 다중 표지자 분석은 단일 표지자 분석이 가지는 단점을 보완할 수 있을 것으로 예상되며, CEA, DDC, 및 L3PP의 세 가지 mRNA가 후보 유전자로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.32-35
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• 2016

복막 가성점액종은 표준치료인 종양감축수술과 함께 복강 내 고온열 항암요법과의 병합치료로 생존율의 향상을 기대할 수 있다. 재발성 병변에 대해서는 추가적인 종양감축 수술이 권고되고 있지만, 치료시기에 따른 이환율과 사망률의 차이가 있어 조기발견이 중요하다. 수술 전 혈청 종양표지자 검사의 수치 이상 여부에 따른 재발과 생존율의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하는 연구들은 있지만, 추적관찰 중 수치 이상에 따른 재발여부에 관한 연구는 거의 없다. 저자들은 CSR과 HIPEC, 그리고 전신 항암화학요법을 시행받은 환자에서 CEA의 수치 상승이 질병의 재발과 상관관계가 있었음을 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1993

연구배경 : 흉막삼출의 원인 규명을 위한 방법으로는 여출액과 삼출액을 감별하기 위한 흉막액 통상검사, 세균학적검사, 세포학적검사 및 흉막생검 등이 시행되고 있다. 그러나 상기한 여러가지 방법으로도 약 10~20% 에서는 그 원인을 정확히 진단하기 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구는 상기한 여러 가지 방법을 통해 확진된 흉막삼출 환자를 대상으로 흉막액의 adenosine deaminase (ADA) 활성도 및 carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)을 측정함으로써 흉막삼출 원인질환의 감별진단에 있어서의 임상적 의의를 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 1984년 3월부터 1987년 3월까지 연세대학교 의과대학 세브란스 병원에 삼출성 흉막염으로 입원하였던 환자중, 진단이 확실한 결핵성 흉막염 환자 61예, 폐결핵에 동반된 흉막삼출 17예, 악성 흉막염으로 확진된 17예, 폐암 및 기타 장기암에 동반된 흉막삼출 22예, 부폐렴성 흉막삼출 7예로서 총 124예를 연구 대상으로 하여 흉막액 ADA 활성도 및 CEA 치를 병행 측정하였다. 결과: 1) 결핵성 흉막삼출의 ADA 활성도는 악성 흉막삼출에 비하여 의의있게 높았다. 2) 악성 흉악삼출의 CEA 치는 결핵성 흉막삼출에 비하여 의의있게 높았다. 3) 흉막액 ADA 활성도가 40U/L 이상이면서 CEA 치 12ng/mL 미만인 경우를 결핵성 흉막염의 진단 기준으로 삼으면 그 예민도는 86.9%, 특이도는 100%이었다. 흉막액 CEA 치가 12 ng/mL 이상이면서 ADA 활성도가 40U/L 미만인 경우를 악성 흉막염의 진단 기준으로 하면 그 예민도는 76.5%, 특이도는 100%이었다. 결론 : 흉막액 ADA 활성도 및 CEA 치의 병행 측정은 흉막삼출 원인질환의 감별진단에 매우 중요한 지표로 삼을 수 있으리라 생각된다.