• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2004

1) Objective External treatments have various curative effects. So it had been used to cure various patients. But, it has a limited sphere of application in the present South Korea. Therefore we would like to bring out its sphere of application and detailed method in the oriental medicine classics. 2) Methodologies We have researched external treatment history according to below the procedure. (1) Making a related words list: We have used existing external treatments technical books to make a list. It has been connected with external treatments. It includes not only technical terms, but also general terms. (2) Searching sentence: We have searched sentence that contain terms that related with external treatments. (3) Analysis of related sentence: We have searched and classified sentence by disease. (4) Analysis of external treatment methods. 3) Conclusions From long time ago people have used external treatment to cure various disease. According to the ${\ulcorner}Nei-Jing{\lrcorner}$, hot compress therapy, fumigation therapy and bathing therapy had been used to cure blockage syndrome, muscle disease, carbuncle and cellulitis. Thereafter, a sphere of external treatment had gradually enlarged. (1) After all its sphere had included dermatologic, psychologic, internal, ophthalmic, otolaryngologic, obstetrics, gynecologic, pediatric and surgical diseases. (2) External treatment methods have contained hot compress therapy, fumigation therapy, bathing therapy, application therapy, medication bag therapy, medication plug therapy, medication massotherapy, aroma therapy and so on. (3) Medication types of external treatment have contained ointment, juice, infusion, powder, suppository and so on.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.94-118
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• 2009

Purpose: Gleditsiae spina (GS) has been used to treat patients with several diseases such as carbuncle, swelling and parasites. Recently GS is known to have anticancer activity in abdominal solid tumor, but the effects of GS on breast cancers is not clarified. For these reasons, we investigated effects of Gleditsiae spina (GS) on gene expression of human breast cancer cells. Methods: We investigated the effects of GS on proliferation of breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. In addition, the genetic profile for the effect of GS on breast cancer cells was measured using microarray technique, and the functional analysis on these genes was conducted. Results: Total 1,434 genes were up-regulated and 2,483 genes down-regulated in the cells treated with GS. Genes induced or suppressed by GS were all mainly concerned with metabolic process, regulation of biological process and protein binding. The network of total protein interactions was measured using cytoscape program, and some key molecules that can be used for elucidation of therapeutical mechanism of medicine in future were identified. Conclusion: These results suggest possibility of GS as anti-cancer drug for breast cancer, and also suggest that related mechanisms are involved in regulation of intra-cellular metabolism in breast cancer cells.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.20-50
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• 2000

This paper was written into condsideration records about the definition of "Ong-Jeo", the difference between "Ong" and "Jeo", the Western medical approach to "Ong-Jeo", and the etiology and pathologic mechanism of "Ong-Jeo". After this study, I report the following results from it. 1. "Ong" is an acute diapyesis disease which is found is in our skin and muscle and flesh. The chrateristics of this disease is that the affacted site is shine, no head, and the size is 3-4 chon. The prossess of the diesease shows that it is very quick, and very easily swell, and becomes pus easily, easily become to ulcer, easily converge. But this don't damage to the muscle and bone. 2. "Jeo" is the disease which damages bone-skeleton, muscle and flesh, and even destroy the stationary tissue. Jeo can be divided into two. One is called "Yudujeo" and it is acute diapydesis disease. The characteriscs of this disease is the miliary abscess, swell, has fever, and has an ache which is feeled spaned. And this is diffused into periphrey tissue and is diffused into deep site. After the ulcer, this becomes to shape the cellula. The size is more than 3-4 chon and this disease goes into chuk if this is serious. The other one is called "Mudujeo" and this disease is the ulcerative one in our joint and skeleton. The characteristic of this disease shows that the color of skin be not changed, and swell diffusely, and is not easily vanished, not easily becomes ulcerative, and not easily becomes converged. 3. "Ong-Jeo" is caused by the bacteriunm named by the "Golden and Yeollw Staphylococcus" in the Western medicine. "Ong" can be applicable to the carbuncle, acute diapyesis lymphadenitis, and some of cellulitis. "Jeo" can belong to cellulitis, and Mudujeo can belong to suppurative arthritis, suppurative osteomyelitis, tuberculous arthritis and osteomyelitis, and tuberculous lymphadenitis. 4. The etiologies of "Ong-Jeo" can be divided three, which are internal, external and other etiology which can not be clasiffied by two etiologies above. The internal etiology is seven emotion, and the external etiology is the six eumsa, unki, chunhang and so on. Other etiology is inadequate absorption of food, and excessive bang-sa. 5. The etiology of "Ong" is suppurative one which is choked between our skin and muscle and flesh, and is congested, become to hot, and finally erodes the muscle and flesh because of the inbalance of cirrculation in the enegy and blood. "Jeo" is the same as the Ong, but this is the suppurative disease which damages the muscle, flesh, and skeleton, and even damages into five Zang, the internal intestine.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.38-48
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• 2010

Objectives: Moxa treatment has outstanding effects that are frequently facilitated in a clinical setting, and it is also known to have positive effects for immunity and relief of pain through various studies. Currently, moxa treatment has become diversified in many ways. One of the moxa treatment techniques that was frequently used during the Joseon Dynasty was Woogakgubeop (牛角灸法, horn-shaped moxa treatment). This articles aims to disclose the fact that the Woogakgubeop is the technique applicable to the origin of the Large moxa treatments of today. Also, the writings of Woogakgubeop recorded in the royal medical documentations, such as the Chronicles of the Royal Families of the Joseon Dynasty, the Seungjeonwonilgi (The Daily Records of Royal Secretariat) and others, are analyzed and the characteristics of the Woogakgubeop are cleared through it. Methods: From the royal medical documents, the Chronicles of the Royal Families of the Joseon Dynasty and the Seungjeonwonilgi, articles related Woogakgubeop were extracted and analyzed. Records of each document were facilitated for the DB search. In addition to these two documents, the records of written literature were surveyed as well. The written literature are appropriate to express the experiences of intellectuals at the time. Results and Conclusions: 1. Considering that Woogakgubeop is a single therapy, there exists relatively many records in addition to the specialized medical documents, and through them, it is known that Woogakgubeop was a widely known therapy in the middle to later parts of Joseon in general. 2. Woogakgubeop is a method that addresses problems contained within the existing moxa treatment techniques. By enlarging the size of the mugwort wick, it strengthens the heat energy of the moxa treatment to reduce the frequency of applying moxa treatment. When undertaking the method to empty the wick inside the mugwort, the pain of a fever patient will be reduced and burn damage to the skin is minimized. 3. Wind-cold type weakness and other general moxa treatment techniques have been used for various symptoms detailed, including chest pain, tinnitus, carbuncle, cellulites, cold sense of leg, colic, diarrhea and other illnesses. In addition, it may generate strong fever, and was used to implement the Yeonjebeop (煉臍法). 4. Woogakgubeop is applicable to the origin of Large moxa treatment of today and it provides important bibliographic base thereof.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.169-191
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• 1997

Hyangpaeyangyeongtang, which was first prescribed in the book of Euijonggumgam (醫宗金鑑), has been widely applied to the treatment of scrofula and carbuncle in the neck and tumor as well in the oriental medicine. The Fritillariae roylei bulbus was also used as an anti-tumor medicine. In order to investigate the effect of Hyangpaeyangyeongtang and Fritillariae roylei bulbus extracts on the immune responses to the epithelioma induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and prostaglandin-$F_2{\alpha}$ in mice, the change of epithelioma size was observed and delayed type hypersensitivity, hemagglutinin titer, hemolysin titer, rosette forming cells, natural killer cell activity, lymphocyte transformation, productivity of interleukin-2 and phagocytic activity were also measured. The results were as follows; 1. The epithelioma size was decreased with statistical significance in the Hyangpaeyangyeongtang group at the 14th day, as compared with the control group. 2. Delayed type hypersensitivity was not shown any decrease in the Hyangpaeyangyeongtang group and the Fritillariae roylei bulbus group, as compared with the control group. 3. Hemagglutinin titer was increased with statistical significance in the Hyangpaeyangyeongtang group, but not in the Fritillariae roylei bulbus group as compared with the control group. 4. Hemolysin titer was increased with statistical significance in the Hyangpaeyangyeongtang group, but not in the Fritillariae roylei bulbus group as compared with the control group. 5. Rosette forming cells were not increased in the Hyangpaeyangyeong tang group, but increased with statistical significance in the Fritillariae roylei bulbus group as compared with the control group. 6. Natural killer cell activity at the ratio 100:1 of effector cells to target cells was increased with statistical significance in the Hyangpaeyayeongngtang group and the Fritillariae roylei bulbus group respectively, and the natural killer cell activity at the ratio of 50:1 and 10:1 of effector cells to target cells Hyangpaeyangyeongtang group was increased with statistical significance as compared with the control group. 7. Lymphocyte transformation was increased in the Hyangpaeyangyeong tang group and the Fritillariae roylei bulbus group respectively, as compared with the control group. 8. Productivity of interleukin-2 was increased in the Hyangpaeyangyecing tang group and the Fritillariae roylei bulbus group respectively, as compared with the control group. 9. Phagocytic activity was not shown any decrease in the Hyangpaeyangyeongtang group and the Fritillariae roylei bulbus group, as compared with the control group.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.417-425
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• 2017

벌사상자는 여성의 생식기 질환이나 화농성 피부염에 주로 사용되어온 한약재로, 최근 들어 암과 관련된 연구가 많이 이루어짐에 따라 벌사상자의 항암 효과에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 벌사상자의 대표적인 성분인 osthole, xanthotoxol 등은 벤젠고리 화합물로 에탄올과 같은 유기용매에 잘 용해된다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 AGS 위암세포에서 벌사상자 에탄올 추출물(CME)에 대한 세포주기 정지 유도 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. CME 처리에 의한 AGS 위암세포의 증식 억제 유도 효과 및 세포독성 효과를 확인하기 위하여 MTT assay와 LDH release assay를 실시한 결과, 농도 및 시간 의존적으로 세포생존율이 감소하였으며, 농도 의존적인 세포독성 효과를 확인하였다. 또한, CME의 농도가 증가할수록 AGS 위암세포의 형태학적 변화가 관찰되었다. 이러한 세포증식 억제 유도 효과가 세포주기 정지에 의한 것인지 확인하기 위하여 CME를 농도별로 24시간 동안 처리한 후 세포주기를 측정하였다. 그 결과 G1기의 세포가 농도 의존적으로 증가함을 확인하였다. 그리고 CME의 처리가 세포주기와 관련된 단백질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 western blot analysis를 실시하여 G1기 세포주기 정지와 관련된 신호 단백질들의 발현 변화를 확인하였다. 그 결과 CME의 처리가 세포 증식과 분열에 중요한 역할을 하는 p-Akt와 p-GSK-$3{\beta}$의 발현을 저해하는 것을 확인하였고, 이에 따라 p53의 발현과 활성이 증가하여 p21의 발현이 증가함을 확인하였다. 또한, p21의 증가에 따른 cyclin E의 발현 감소와 CDK2의 비활성화 상태인 p-CDK(T14), p-CDK(Y15)의 발현 증가를 확인하였다. 이와 같은 CME의 세포주기 억제 유도 효과가 일어나는 신호경로를 확인하기 위하여 LY294002(PI3K/Akt 저해제), BIO(GSK-$3{\beta}$ 저해제), Pifithrin-${\alpha}$(p53 저해제)를 CME와 각각 또는 병행 처리한 후 MTT assay, 세포주기 측정, western blot analysis를 진행하였다. 그 결과 LY294002의 처리는 CME 처리군과 유사하게 세포생존율을 저해시키고 G1기 정지를 유도했으며, 세포주기 단백질을 조절하였다. 또한, GSK-$3{\beta}$와 p53 저해제를 처리하였을 때 CME를 병행 처리했음에도 불구하고 세포증식 억제나 G1기 정지와 같은 항암 효과가 나타나지 않았으며, 관련 신호경로 단백질의 변화도 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 CME의 처리가 Akt/GSK-$3{\beta}$/p53 신호경로를 조절하여 cyclin E의 발현을 감소시키고 CDK2의 활성을 억제함으로써 G1기 세포주기 정지를 유도함을 확인하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.663-672
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• 2016

벌 사상자[Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson]는 중국과 한국에 분포하는 일년생 초본으로, 화농성피부염 및 여성의 생식기 질환의 치료에 널리 사용되고 있다. 이 외에도 면역기능개선과 천식 등에 대한 효과는 보고된 바 있으나 아직까지 암과 관련된 연구는 많이 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 인간 대장암 세포인 HCT116 세포주에서 벌 사상자 에탄올 추출물(CME)의 apoptosis 및 세포주기정지 유도 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 하였으며, 이러한 효과가 AKT/mTOR/GSK-3β 신호경로의 조절을 통하여 이루어지는지 확인하고자 하였다. MTT assay와 LDH assay 결과, 벌 사상자 에탄올 추출물에 의하여 HCT116 세포의 세포생존율이 감소하였으며, 세포독성효과가 나타났다. 또한 벌 사상자 에탄올 추출물의 농도의존적으로 apoptotic body의 수와 apoptosis 비율이 증가하였으며, G1기에서 세포주기정지 유도 효과가 관찰되었다. 세포의 성장과 증식 및 분열에 관련된 단백질인 Akt는 mTOR, p53, GSK-3β와 같은 신호단백질들의 발현을 조절하는 것으로 보고되었다. 벌 사상자 에탄올 추출물을 처리하였을 때, Akt와 mTOR 단백질의 인산화가 저해되었으며, 이에 따라 하위 신호조절 단백질인 GSK-3β, Bcl-2 family, Caspase-3, PARP의 발현이 조절되었다. 또한 Akt와 GSK-3β, mTOR 저해제 처리를 통하여 CME에 의한 apoptosis 효과가 AKT/mTOR/GSK-3β 신호경로를 통하여 이루어지는 것을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 본 연구를 통하여HCT116 대장암 세포주에서 벌 사상자 에탄올 추출물이 암세포의 apoptosis 및 세포주기정지 유도에 효과적임을 확인하였다.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.19-42
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• 2008

Blood-Letting Therapy is a rational and ecological medical treatment by which we can heal most of the diseases by removing the static blood which precipitates in the blood vessel and blocks the flowing of blood. And the static blood is the generic term for the injurious, bad, dead and precipitated blood which is blocked the capillary vessel. The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine says that "the patient is treated with drugs internally and stone acupuncture externally. "In the old texts, the blood-letting therapy is mentioned as blood-letting, network vessel pricking, bloodletting, pricking, and arousing pulses etc and it is noted down as the method of network vessel pricking in 'On the Application of Needles' of Spiritual Pivot. Nine-pricking therapy, twelve-pricking therapy and five-pricking therapy are recorded in the methods of network vessel pricking and among them, the method of squeezing blood after pricking the affected part is explained as the network vessel pricking. There are four methods of network vessel pricking, pricking, picking, cluster needling and scatter-pricking and they are fluidly applied to the various symptoms of diseases. In 'On Discriminative Treating for Patients of Different Regions' in Elementary Questions, Ki-baek emphasizes "most of the local people, there are black in skin and loose in striate, and their diseases are mostly of carbuncle kind. It is suitable to treat the disease with stone therapy to prick with stone, so the stone therapy is transmitted from the east. "And in 'On the Corresponding Relation Between the Eum and Yang of Man and All Things' in Elementary Questions, when the Emperor asked Ki-Back, he answered "sthenia means the sthenia of evil, and deficiency means the deficiency of healthy energy. When the blood is sthenic, the evil should be discharged by pricking when out letting the blood; deficiency of vital energy is the asthenia of channels and network vessels, so the energy should drain from the channel which is not deficient, to replenish. "And in this case we can use the methods of 'Breaking out the static bloods', 'driving out the static bloods', blood-letting'. With this we can infer that the blood-letting therapy is made use of the important medical treatments from the ancient times. Especially in referring to the principles of treatment in The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, it mostly alluded to acupuncture therapies and only eleven times to medicinal treatments. This is to verify that the blood-letting therapy formed the foundation of the medical art. In Dong's Therapy of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Bloodletting, Dong Kyeong-Chang gave emphasis on the points that there must be extravasated bloods without exception in the serious illnesses which is old, unnatural, accompanying acute pains and so we can revive our body‘s sprit by circulating 'gi' and static blood piled up in the network vessel, regulating the weakness and strength, and controling the disharmony of the internal organs. The blood-letting therapy has effect on the orifice in emergency, such as fore draining, freeing network vessels, harmonizing gi and blood, relieving pain, dispersing swelling and concretion, sedation, resolving toxin as well as strengthening the heart, relieving itching. So it has distinguished effect on all kinds of medical treatment to the modern people. But by the change of social customs and the confucianism of confucius - it is widely spread on the period of North and South Dynasties, 'Wi' and 'Jin' in china and the period of the Three States in korea - The blood-letting therapy which was regarded as the most important medicinal treatment withered rapidly. And Confucius accentuated the importance of our body and all its members, loyalty and filial piety and banned any damage of our body under no circumstances. As a result of it, the therapy of blood-letting had a rapid decrease and barely kept itself in existence in both countries. What is worse, at the period of Japanese colonial rule of korea and our nation's founding of early stage, it has been withered by the high-handed policy to change Oriental Medicine into modern medical science. So the therapy of blood-letting barely kept itself in existence in some Buddhist temples. Another case, it has handed down as a old-fashioned quick fix in folk remedies. But all kinds of the contamination of heavy metals and the misuses of antibiotics are widely spread nowadays, which increased diseases of adult people and incurable diseases as modern society unavoidably made its way into a highly industrial society. To make us more miserable, the western medical science - the antibiotics and surgical operation medical science - already reveals itself into a limit. The necessity of a new medical science which can give a security to the patients who are suffering from the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases is especially come into the force nowadays. In view of the results after bibliographically studying on the blood-letting Therapy in Elementary Questions of the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, the blood-letting therapy has acted for the important Oriental medicinal science and has been clarified the prominent effects on the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases. So it is regarded as an appropriate thing that we lay out a determined theory of the blood-letting therapy and of course prevent the unwanted side effects from inappropriate medicinal treatments, and make full use of clinic by elevating the curative value and that we win back our self-respect of medical treatment which is dominated from the western medical science and ultimately contribute to national medical welfare.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.88-100
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• 1992

1989년 7월 1일부터 실시된 의료전달체계가 3차진료기관에 미친 영향을 분석하기 위하여 실시전(1988년 7월 1일$\sim$1989년 6월 30일)과 실시후(1989년 7월 1일$\sim$1990년 6월 30일) 각 1년간 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원의 내과, 일반외과, 소아과 외래를 이용한 공무원 및 사립학교교직원 의료보험 대상자 전원을 대상으로 실시한 성적을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 내과 환자는 의료전달체계 실시전 9,669건에 비해 실시후 6,181건으로 36.1% 감소했고, 일반외과는 1,864건에서 1,422건으로 23.7%, 소아과 환자는 3,372건에서 2,128건으로 36.9% 감소하였다. 내과 환자의 평균연령은 의료전달체계 실시전에 49.7세였으나 실시후 52.5세로 증가하였고, 일반외과도 46.5세에서 49.7세로 증가하였다. 성별 분포는 세 과 모두에서 큰 변화는 없었으나 일반외과의 경우 여자 환자가 약 3.0% 포인트 증가하였다. 지역별 분포에서 내과와 소아과 환자는 대구시내 이용자의 비율이 의료전달체계 실시후에 약간 증가하였고, 타 대진료권에서 방문한 환자 비율은 감소하였으나, 일반외과의 경우는 이와 상반된 결과를 보였다. 신환자의 비율은 내과의 경우 의료전달체계 실시전 24.4%에서 실시후 14.6%로 감소하였고, 일반외과는 36.0%에서 23.5%로, 소아과는 15.5%에서 8.3%로 현저히 감소하였다. 의료전달체계 실시 전후의 외래 방문 횟수는 내과가 각각 1.7회와 1.6회로 감소하였으나, 일반외과와 소아과는 큰 변화가 없었다. 의료전달체계 실시전후의 건당 외래진료 일수는 내과의 경우 각각 16.1일과 19.3일, 일반외과 12.0일과 15.2일, 그리고 소아과는 8.9일과 11.2일로 세 과 모두에서 실시후에 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.01). 의료전달체계 실시 전후의 건당 검사건수는 내과가 각각 2.2건과 2.5건(P<0.01). 소아과가 0.8건과 1.1건(P<0.05)으로 유의하게 증가하였고, 일반외과의 검사건수도 약간 증가하였다. 건당 평균진료비를 불변가격으로 보았을 때, 일반외과가 실시전 75,900원에서 실시후 78,500원, 소아과는 실시전 12,700원에서 실신후 13,500원으로 증가하였으나, 내과는 43,900원에서 42,500원으로 실시후에 오히려 감소하였다. 질병분류를 17대 분류로 했을 때, 내과의 경우 내분비계질환, 순환기계 질환, 호흡기계 질환 등의 비율은 실시후에 증가하였으나, 소화기계 질환, 비뇨생식기 질환, 증상증후가 불명확한 질병은 감소하였다. 일반외과의 경우는 신생물 환자의 비율이 증가하였으나, 순환기계 질환과 증상증후가 불명확한 질병은 감소하였다. 소아과는 신생물, 신경감각계질환, 순환기계 질환 등의 비율은 증가하였으나, 호흡기계질환과 증상증후가 불명확한 질병은 감소하였다. 그리고 10대 다빈도 질환은 일반외과에서는 의료전달체계 실시후에 그 비중이 증가하였으나, 내과와 소아과는 변화가 없었다. 내과의 경우 위 십이지장염, 기타 간질환, 위기능 장애 등의 비율이 감소하였으나 본태성고혈압, 당뇨병, 폐결핵, 협심증 둥의 비율이 증가하였다. 일반외과의 경우에는 치핵, 항문열상, 종기 등의 비율이 감소하였고, 위암, 대장암, 담낭암 등의 비율은 증가하였다. 소아과의 경우 급성상기도염, 기관지염, 불명확한 장관감염 등의 비율은 감소하였고, 간질, 폐결핵, 천식, 임파성백혈병 등은 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 의료전달체계가 실시됨으로써 3차 진료기관의 외래 방문 환자의 건수, 건당 진료기간, 건당 방문횟수, 건당 검사건수, 건당 진료비, 질병의 구성 등에 변화를 준 것으로 생각된다. 향후 더욱 광범위한 자료를 이용하여 각 수준별 의료기관 간의 환자 흐름을 파악하고 세분화 된 질병분류를 이용하여 질병구조의 변화를 분석하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.