• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.138-148
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• 2018

Objective: Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), common contaminants in the feed of farm animals, cause immune function impairment and organ inflammation. Consequently, the main objective of this study was to elucidate DON and ZEN effects on the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other immune related genes in the kidneys of piglets. Methods: Fifteen 6-week-old piglets were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments for 4 weeks: control diet, and diets contaminated with either 8 mg DON/kg feed or 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed. Kidney samples were collected after treatment, and RNA-seq was used to investigate the effects on immune-related genes and gene networks. Results: A total of 186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened (120 upregulated and 66 downregulated). Gene ontology analysis revealed that the immune response, and cellular and metabolic processes were significantly controlled by these DEGs. The inflammatory stimulation might be an effect of the following enriched Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis found related to immune and disease responses: cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), tuberculosis, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and chemical carcinogenesis. The effects of DON and ZEN on genome-wide expression were assessed, and it was found that the DEGs associated with inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 receptor, beta, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9, CXCL10, chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 4), proliferation (insulin like growth factor binding protein 4, IgG heavy chain, receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C, cytochrome P450 1A1, ATP-binding cassette sub-family 8), and other immune response networks (lysozyme, complement component 4 binding protein alpha, oligoadenylate synthetase 2, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-9, ${\alpha}$-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, Ig lambda chain c region, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4, carboxylesterase 1), were suppressed by DON and ZEN. Conclusion: In summary, our results indicate that high concentrations of DON and ZEN suppress the inflammatory response in kidneys, leading to potential effects on immune homeostasis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 1988

서양종(西洋種) 꿀벌(Apis mellifera L)에 대(對)한 살충제의 독성(毒性) 및 해독능력(解毒能力)을 조사(調査)하고 농약한계사용량(農藥限界使用量) 결정(決定)에 기여(寄與)하기 위하여 7가지 대표적(代表的)인 살충제의 꿀벌에 대한 독성(毒性)및 해독효소(解毒酵素)의 활성(活性)을 조사(調査)하였다. 효소활성(酵素活性)은 해독효소(解毒酵素)로 알려진 microsomal oxidases, glutathione S-transferases, esterases 와 DDT-dehydrochlorinase를 조사(調査)했고 성충(成？)일별의 중장(中腸)을 사용(使用)하여 측정(測定)하였다. $LC_{50}$치(値)의 측정결과(測定決果) 공시(供試) 살충제중(殺？劑中) DDT가 58ppm으로 독성(毒性)이 가장 낮았고 EPN이 1.61ppm으로 독성(毒性)이 가장 강(强)했다. 준치사농도(準致死濃度)의 농약(農藥)이 성충(成？)일벌의 microsomal oxidase에 미치는 영향은 malathion 및 permethrin 처리(處理)가 aldrin epoxidase 활성(活性)을 저해(沮害)시켰고 N-demethylase 활성(活性)은 diazinon 처리구(處理區)에서 증대(增大)되었다. Ghtathione S-transferarse(DCNB conjugation) 활성(活性)은 diazinon과 permethrin 처리구(處理區)에서 증대(增大)되었다. Esterase는 malathion 및 permethrin 처리구(處理區)에서 ${\alpha}-NA$ esterase활성(活性)의 저해(沮害)를 보였고 diazinon처리구(處理區)에서 carboxylesterase활성(活性)이 증대(增大)되었으며 AChE 활성(活性)은 거의 영향(影響)이 없었다. DDT-dehy drochlorinase활성(活性)은 carbaryl 및 permethrin 처리구(處理區)에서 증대(增大)되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.544-551
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• 2020

Background: Previous studies have shown the insecticidal efficacy of ginsenosides. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic mechanism related to the inhibitory effect of panaxadiol saponins (PDSs) against the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee). Methods: Third instar larvae of O. furnacalis were fed normal diets with different concentrations of PDSs for 4 days. The consumption index, relative growth rate, approximate digestibility, and conversion of ingested and digested food were recorded. A targeted gas chromatographye-mass spectrometry assay was performed to detect the profiles of amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates in larvae of O. furnacalis. In addition, the activity of detoxification-related enzymes was determined. Results and Conclusions: PDSs decreased the consumption index, relative growth rate, approximate digestibility, and conversion of ingested and digested food in the 3rd instar larvae of O. furnacalis in a dose-dependent manner. PDSs decreased 15 free amino acids, 16 free fatty acids, and 5 carbohydrates and increased the levels of palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, and 9-octadecenoic acid in the 3rd instar larvae. The activity of detoxification-related enzymes, such as acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P450, carboxylesterase, trehalase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase, was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in the 3rd instar larvae exposed to PDSs. These data confirmed the inhibitory effect of PDSs against growth, food utilization, and detoxification in the 3rd instar larvae of O. furnacalis and the potential for using PDSs as an efficient tool for insect pest management for O. furnacalis larvae.