• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1999

카본블랙 첨가량, 촉진제에 대한 황 함량비에 따른 가황고무의 점탄성 특성을 반발탄성, 저장 및 손실 모듈러스, tan ${\delta}$를 통하여 고찰하였다. 반발탄성은 촉진제에 대한 황 함량비가 낮을수록, 배합고무중 카본-블랙의 체적분율이 낮을수록 높게 나타났다. 저장 모듈러스는 카본블랙 첨가량과 변형이 증가할수록 감소하였으나, 가황시스템과는 무관하게 나타났다. 특히 카본블랙 첨가량이 낮은 수준 ($40{\sim}50phr$)에서는 변형이 3% 이상에서, 첨가량이 높은 수준(60phr 이상)에서는 변형이 6% 이상에서 일정한 저장 모듈러스를 보이고 있어 입자간에 형성되는 망상구조는 6% 이상의 변형에서 파괴됨을 알 수 있다. 손실 모듈러스는 카본블랙 첨가량이 낮은 수준에서는 별다른 영향이 없으나, 높은 수준에서는 1% 변형에서 최대값을 보인 후 완만히 감소하였다. Tan ${\delta}$는 가황시스템에 대한 의존성은 약하나 카본블랙 첨가량 및 변형이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나, 카본블랙 첨가량에 관계없이 2% 변형에서 최대값을 나타내었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.565-572
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• 1996

천연고무(NR), 부타디엔 고무(BR), 오일 투입량을 변량한 스티렌-부타디엔 고무(SBR)를 기본으로 하는 고무배합을 통하여 카본블랙의 최적 투입량에 대하여 연구하였다. 카본블랙의 최적 투입량은 Lee 이론을 기초하여 L 인자 값과 카본블랙의 부피비와의 상관 관계를 통하여 결정하였다. 그리고 얻어진 최적 투입량 값을 고무 물성 시험 결과를 통하여 재검증 하였다. 고무 종류별 카본블랙의 최적 투입량값은 각각 NR 60 phr, BR 57 phr, SBR-A 65 phr, SBR-B 70 phr, SBR-C 76 phr로 얻어졌다. 또한 오일의 함량을 20 phr씩 증가시킬때 마다 약 5phr 정도의 최적 투입량이 증가함을 관찰할 수 있었다. L 인자값을 통하여 얻어진 카본블랙의 최적 투입량은 인장강도와 가장 밀접한 관계가 있었으며 최대 인장강도 값을 갖는 카본블랙의 투입량 근처에서 형성되었다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2007

Properties of carbon blacks and carbon black/SBR rubber composites filled by surface modified carbon blacks were examined. Although the specific surface area of carbon blacks increased after the surface modifications with heat, acid, and base, there were no obvious changes in resistivity. The composites filled by heat treated carbon blacks showed a higher tensile strength and elongation than those filled by raw blacks. The acid and base treated carbon blacks filled composites also showed higher tensile strength but similar elongation values with those filled by raw blacks. With increasing loading ratio, both tensile strength and elongation increased, and appeared a maximum value at 30-40 phr. Modulus at 300% strain remained increasing with further loading of carbon blacks. At the same loading, the heat treated black filled composites showed similar modulus values with composites filled by raw blacks but for base and acid treated black filled composites much higher values were obtained. After the surface modification, the functional groups which played an important role in reinforcement action were changed.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.315-323
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• 1998

본 연구의 목적은 카본블랙 첨가량 변화, 가황조건 및 가황시스템 변화에 따른 배합고무의 가교밀도 및 고무보강성을 조사하고자 하였다. 결합고무량은 배합고무중 카본블랙 체적비가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나, 총가교밀도는 결합고무량 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 가황반응 속도상수는 가황온도 및 가황시스템에 따라 현저하게 변화하였으며, 특히 가황온도에 강한 의존성을 나타내었다. 가황반응의 활성화에너지는 카본블랙 첨가량이 많고 EC 가황시스템이 적용된 배합고무 또는 카본블랙 첨가량이 적고 CC 가황시스템이 적용된 배합고무에서 높게 나타났다. 가황된 배합고무중 가장 높은 총가교밀도는 카본블랙 첨가량이 적고 가황시스템중 CC 가황시스템이 적용된 배합고무에서 나타났으며, EC 가황시스템에 의한 총가교밀도의 뚜렷한 변화는 나타나지 않았다. Mooney-Rivlin식에 의한 가장 높은 탄성상수는 카본블랙 첨가량이 적고, SEC 가황시스템이 사용된 배합고무에서 나타났다. 모듈러스는 배합고무중 카본블랙 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 가황시스템별 영향은 SEC>CC>EC 시스템 순으로 높게 나타났다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2008

Rubber reinforcing carbon black N330 was treated by physical activation under $CO_2$ to different degrees of burn-off. The mechanical properties indicating the reinforcement of SBR (Styrene-Butadiene Rubber) vulcanizates filled by activated carbon blacks, such as tensile strength, modulus at 300% strain and elongation at break were determined. During $CO_2$ activation of fresh carbon blacks, the development of microporous structure caused an increase of extremely large specific surface area and the porosity turned out to be an increasing function of the degree of burn-off. The tensile strength and modulus at 300% of activated carbon blacks filled rubber composites were improved at lower loading ratios of 20 and 30 phr, but decreased drastically after 30 phr, which is considered that it might be difficult to get a fully dispersed rubber mixture at higher loading ratios for fillers having very large specific surface areas. However, the Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of SBR rubber composites having activated carbon black at 74% yield were improved at a large extent when compared to those having raw carbon black and increased significantly as a function of increasing loading ratio.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2001

The influences of carbon black loading and cure type on the cure characteristics including kinetics and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated for a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). The rate constants of accelerated sulfur vulcanization reaction at three different temperatures were determined using a cure rheometer, and they were compared with those from the direct measurement of sulfur concentration. The strain softening behavior under dynamic deformation, known as the Payne effect was also discussed depending on the carbon black loading and cure type.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 1997

This study have Investigated the effect of various factors related to the physical properties of vulcanizated rubber compounds. rubber type, carbon black type and carbon black loading were selected as main factors and evaluation were tested by tables of orthogonal arrays with 3 factors and 3 levels. rubber types have affected cure time, tensile strength, and $T_g$ as main factor and carbon black loading have affected viscosity, scorch time, maximum torque, hardness, 300% modulus, rebound, heat build-up, $0\;&\;60^{\circ}C$ tangent delta, PICO and CUT/CHIP loss as main factor but the effects of carbon black type have affected only bound rubber content.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.81-85
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• 2007

A fluidized bed reactor is made with quartz. The size of FBR is 0.055 m I.D. and 1.0 m in height. The FBR was employed for the thermocatalytic decomposition of propane to produce hydrogen without $CO_{2}$. The fluidized bed was proposed for the continuous withdraw of product carbons from the reactor. Carbon black DCC-N330 is used to decompose the propane gas. The propane decomposition reaction over carbon black catalyst in a fluidized bed reactor was carried out the temperature range of 600 ${\sim}$ 800 $^{\circ}C$, propane gas velocity of 1.0 ${\sim}$ 4.0$U_{mf}$($1U_{mf}$ = 0.61cm/s) and the catalyst loading of 100 ${\sim}$ 200g. Production of $H_{2}$ such as other reaction temperature, gas velocity, catalytic loading on the reaction rates was investigated. The carbon depositied on the catalyst surface was observed by FE-SEM. The particle size of the carbon black was observed by Particle size analyzer. Resulting production in the experiment was not only hydrogen but also several by-products such as methane, ethylene, ethane, and propylene.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.571-578
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• 2009

$PM_{2.5}$ black carbon (BC) concentrations were measured to investigate the filter spot loading effect in raw BC data at 5-minute time-based resolution using a single-wavelength aethalometer at a Gwangju site. Also the elemental carbon (EC) concentrations from 24-hr integrated filter-based measurements of $PM_{2.5}$ particles were determined to compare with the loading compensated BC values. Close examination of the time-series BC data showed clearly the "gaps" when the filter tape advances, suggesting the correction of raw BC data. Therefore, we calculated the average BC concentration in each range of attenuation (ATN) to decide if there was (or was not) an effect on the aethalometer data according to the loading of the filter spot. A consistent decrease of average BC concentration was found with increasing ATN values for every month, suggesting there was a consistent "spot loading effect" in the raw BC data. The loading compensated BC concentration according to a simple compensation model with loading effect was 1.01~1.15 times greater than the raw BC data. The 24-hr average concentration of EC observed during summer sampling period was about 3% higher than the original 24-hr average BC value and 2% lower than the loading compensated BC concentration.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2024

Fe-Ni nanocatalysts loaded on carbon black were prepared via spontaneous reduction reaction of iron (II) acetylacetonate and nickel (II) acetylacetonate in dry process. Their morphology and elemental analysis were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. The loading weight of the nanocatalysts was measured by thermogravimetric analyze and the surface area was measured by BET analysis. TEM observation showed that Fe and Ni nanoparticles was well dispersed on the carbon black and their average particle size was 4.82 nm. The loading weight of Fe-Ni nanocatalysts on the carbon black was 6.83-7.32 wt%, and the value increased with increasing iron (II) acetylacetonate content. As the Fe-Ni loading weight increased, the specific surface area decreased significantly by more than 50%, because Fe-Ni nanoparticles block the micropores of carbon black. I-V characteristics showed that water electrolysis performance increased with increasing Ni nanocatalyst content.