• 제목/요약/키워드: carbamate insecticide

검색결과 27건 처리시간 0.024초

5.7-Dichloro-8-hydroxyquinaldyl-N-ethylcarbamate의 합성 및 항균작용에 관한 연구 (Study on the Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 5.7-Dichloro-8-HydroxyquinaldyI-N-Ethylcarbamate)

  • 강회양
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 1998
  • 5.7-Dichloro-8-hydroxyquinaldyl-N-ethylcarbamate, one of the carbamate derivative which are generally used as insecticide, was newly synthesized. Its physical properities were determined and chemical structure was indentified by means of I.R., nmr in addition to elemental analysis. The yield of addition, using triethylamine as catalyst, 5.7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinaldine and isocyanate was better than that of condensation of 5.7-dichloro-8- hydroxyquinaldine with carbamoylchloride. The effect of the cornpond on rabbit's ileum, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined. It was observed that the dosage over 100 $\mu$g/ml of the compound relaxed rabbit's ileum and the same dosage of the compound inhibited growth of the above strains of bactera.

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몇가지 살충제의 조합이 인삼의 생육 및 근류선충 방제 효과에 미치는 영향 (Effects of some Insecticides on Growth of 2 year old Ginseng Panax ginseeng, C.A. Meyer, and Control of Root-knot nematode)

  • 안용준;최승윤;한상찬;김요태
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.223-227
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    • 1981
  • These experiments were conducted to investigate the nematicidal effects of the insecticides, Mocap(O-Ethyl-S, S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate), Carbofuran(2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl benzofuranyl ethyl carbamate), Terbufos (S-tert-buthylthio methyl O,O-diethyl phosphordithioate) and their mixtures (Mocap+carbofuran, Mocap+Terbufos, Carbofuran+Terbufos) on growth of 2year-old ginseng, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, and the control of root-knot nematodes. There was no evidence of plant injury from insecticide treatment of ginseng, although the rate of emergence of the treated ginseng was slightly inhibited. The insecticide treatments showed no of-flavor of ginseng plant. Terbufos and Mocap provided heifer confrol of the root-knot nematodes than carbofuran alone and their mixtures. Mixtures of the insecticides showed antagonisitic effect to the root-knot nematodes.

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Cloning and Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Musca domestica Acetylcholinesterase for Enhancing Sensitivity to Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticides

  • Kim, Chung-Sei;Kim, Su-Il
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제16권11호
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    • pp.1760-1772
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    • 2006
  • Mature acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene (gm, 1,836 bp) was cloned from the housefly and successfully expressed in the E. coli CodonPlus (DE3) RIL system (GM-E, 72 kDa) with a yield of 1,630 mU/g fresh cells. Using the gm, 10 kinds of mutants were constructed and expressed for enhancing sensitivity to insecticides. The sensitivity of these mutants to five kinds of organophosphate (OP) and three carbamate insecticides was investigated by measuring the apparent bimolecular inhibition constant ($k_i=k_2/K_d$). Surprisingly, the sensitivity of quadruple mutant IGFT was enhanced as much as 7-fold for acephate, 164-fold for demeton-S-methyl, 484-fold for dichlorvos, 523-fold for edifenphos, 30-fold for ethoprophos, 30-fold for benfuracarb, 404-fold for carbaryl, and 107-fold for furathiocarb, compared with that of GM-E, although the sensitivity of each single point mutant was slightly increased. These mutational studies indicated that (i) contradictory to Walsh et al. [39], the residue 327 is the important key residue for enhancing sensitivity as much as the residue 262, (ii) the residue 82 and additional residues of 234, 236, and 585 are also important, and (iii) sensitivity was cooperatively accelerated as the number of strategic mutations increased.

Pesticide Poisoning Deaths Detected at the National Forensic Service Headquarters in Seoul of Korea: A Five-Year Survey (2005-2009)

  • Lee, Sang-Ki;Rhee, Jong-Sook;Jung, Jin-Mi;Lee, Han-Sun
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.263-271
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    • 2010
  • Objectives : The records of 447 pesticide poisoning deaths from the National Forensic Service (NFS) headquarters located in Seoul of Korea from 2005 to 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Methods : The data of each case were analyzed by using the SPSS program. Results : The mean age was $57.8{\pm}14.8$ years and the range was 16-92 years. The numbers of deaths of males and females were 301 and 134, respectively. The largest number of cases occurred in people aged 50-59 years (n=92, 20.6%) followed by the age groups 40-49 years (n=91, 20.4%), 60-69 years (n=88, 19.7%), and 70-79 years (n=75, 16.8%). The total number of deaths among other age groups (10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 80-89, and 90-99 years) was 73, representing only 16.3%. Of all pesticide poisoning deaths, 96.2% were due to suicide, and 28.4% of the total number who died received medical treatment. The mostfrequent site of ingestion was the person's own residence (n=279, 62.4%). The most common classes of pesticide were bipyridylium herbicide (paraquat, 31.1%), organophosphate insecticide (21.7%), and carbamate insecticide (15.4%). The major pesticides having a high proportion of fatalities were paraquat (31.1%), methomyl (11.4%), glyphosate (9.1%), dichlorvos (5.6%), phosphamidon (4.6%), and methidathion (4.0%). Conclusions : This study showed that poisoning deaths due to pesticides are one of the major public health problems in Korea. Enforcement of regulations and safety education to prevent pesticide poisoning should be carried out by the government.

버즘나무방패벌레 (Corythucha ciliata Say)의 생태적 특성 및 살충제감수성 (Ecological Characteristics and Insecticidal Susceptibility of Sycamore Lace Bug, Corythucha ciliata Say (Hemiptera: Tingidae))

  • 송철;조광연
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.164-168
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    • 2000
  • To understand the biological characteristics of Corythucha ciliata occurring in Korea, developmental periods and its susceptibility to several insecticides were examined under growth chamber condition at $25^{\circ}C$. It took 11.1 day from egg to hatch. And duration of each stage up to the 5th nymph after hatching was 4.0, 2.1, 2.0, 2.9, and 4.0 days, respectively. Total duration from egg to adult was 26.1 days, preoviposition period was 12.2 days, and average number of eggs laid by a female was 83.0. Sex ratio of female was 51.6% and lifespan of female adult was 43.2% days. LC50 value of deltamethrin and esfenvalerate were 0.8 and 0.9 ppm, respectively. Insecticidal effects were better in pyrethroids than organophosphates and carbamates.

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Fenobucarb 및 Carbofuran의 저항성 벼멸구 체벽 투과량과 체내대사에 관한 연구 (The Absorption and Metabolism of Fenobucarb and Carbofuran by Susceptible and Carbamate Insecticide-selected Strains of the Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal))

  • 박형만;이영득;최승윤
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.10-17
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    • 1991
  • 벼멸구의 살충제 저항성 기구를 구명하고자 fenobucarb와 carbofuran으로 벼멸구를 18세대 이상 누대 선발하여 얻어진 저항성 벼멸구를 대상으로 저항성 기루를 조사하였으며, 얻어진 결과 중 살충제의 체벽 투과량, 대사 및 대사산무렝 대하여 보고하고자 한다. Fenobucarb및 carbofuran은 처리 1시간 이내에 처리된 양의 50%이상이 벼멸구 체벽을 투과하였고, 계통별 체벽 투과량 차이는 크지 않았으나, 저항성 계통에서 적었으며, 배설된 양도 처리 3시간 이후 저항성 계통에서 증가하여 5시간 후에는 감수성 계통에 비해 각각 1.9배, 1.6배가 많았다. 벼멸구 체내에서는 두 살충제 모두 감수성 계통에 비하여 저항성 계통에서 2시간 정도 빠르게 분해되었다. 벼멸구 homogenate를 이용하여 대사산물을 조사한 결과 fenbucarb의 주 대사산물은 OSBP(o-sec-butyl phenol)이고, crbofuran의 주 대사산물은 3-ketocarbofuran phenol이었으며, 대사산물량은 저항성 계통에서 2배 정도 증가하였다. 주 대사산물인 OSBP 및 3-ketocarbofuran phenol의 감수성 벼멸구에 대한 반수치사약량은 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/g 이상으로 독성이 없었다. 살충제의 빠른 분해대사는 벼멸구의 주요한 저항성 기구중 하나인 것으로 나타났다.

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이화명충과 끝동매미충의 약제저항성 (Chemical Resistance of Striped Rice Borer, Chilo Suppressalis, and Green Rice Leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps)

  • 이승찬;유재기
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.65-70
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    • 1975
  • 벼의 주요해충의 효율적인 방제법을 확립하기 위하여 관용살충제인 유기인제계의 MPP제, Diazinon제와 Carbamate 제계의 NAC제에 대해 여러 지역의 이화명충 (Chilo suppressalis W.)과 끝동매미충(Nephotettix cincticeps U.)의 저항성 수준 및 분포를 조사한 결과 가. MPP제에 대한 이황명충은 조암, 수원, 이천계통이 양평계통에 비하여 2-4배의 저항성을 보였고 나. MEP제에 대한 이화명충은 양평계통에 비해 김포, 평택, 용인, 이천, 수원 및 조암계통이 2-6배의 저항성을 보였으며, 다. Diazinon제에 대한 이화명충은 수원계통이 양평계통에 비교하여 약 3배의 저항성을 보였으나 다른 계통간에는 별차가 없었다. 라. 이화명충의 월동유충이 사육유충보다 약제에 대한 저항성이 더 떨어지는 것은 사육중 활력이 떨어지기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 마. 끝동매미충에 있어서 MEP제의 겨우 이리계통이 수원계통에 비하여 약 13배, 밀양, 평택계통이 7-8배, 이천계통이 4배의 저항성을 보였고, 바. MEP제에 대한 끝동매미충은 역시 이리계통이 수원계통에 비해 약 7배, 평택계통이 4배로 나타났으며, 사. NAC제에 대한 끝동매미충은 지역별 계통간에는 별차를 보이지 않았다.

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담배가루이 Biotype B와 Q의 약제감수성과 효소활성 비교 (Comparison of insecticide susceptibility and enzyme activities of biotype B and Q of Bemisia tabaci)

  • 김은희;성재욱;양정오;안희근;윤창만;서미자;김길하
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.320-330
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    • 2007
  • 충북 진천군 이월면 장미재배지와 경남 밀양시 고추밭에서 채집한 담배가루이에 대해서 16S DNA 염기서열을 분석하였다. 각각의 PCR 산물을 EcoT14 I (Sty I)과 Stu I을 처리한 결과 경남 밀양시 고추밭에서 채집한 담배가루이는 Sty I 에서 555pp와 311bp 두 개의 단편이 만들어져 biotype Q임을 확인하였고, 충북진천군 장미재배지에서 채집한 담배가루이는 Stu I에서 560bp와 3060p 두 개의 단편이 만들어서 biotype B임을 확인하였다. 두 biotype에 대한 12종 살충제로 발육단계별 약제감수성, 침투이행성 및 잔효성을 비교하였고, esterase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase 등의 효소활성에 미치는 저해정도를 검토하였다. 두 biotype간에 약제감수성 차이가 있었고, biotype B가 Q보다 더 감수성이었다. 엽면침투이행성과 근부침투이행성 및 잔효성에서도 biotype B가 Q보다 더 감수성이었다. 유기인계인 fenitrothion과 카바메이트계인 fenothiocarb의 저해제에 대해서 esterase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase등의 효소활성에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, biotype Q가 B보다 활성이 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 담배가루이 biotype Q가 B보다 약제에 대해서 저항성임을 알 수 있었다.

수질 모니터링을 위한 유해 물질 유입에 따른 생물체의 행동 반응 분석 및 인식 (Analysis and Recognition of Behavioral Response of Selected Insects in Toxic Chemicals for Water Quality Monitoring)

  • 김철기;차의영
    • 정보처리학회논문지B
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    • 제9B권5호
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    • pp.663-672
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    • 2002
  • 본 논문에서는 자동 추적 시스템을 이용하여 카바메이트 계열의 농약인 카보퓨란의 치명적인 투여에 대하여 반자연적인 조건에서 반응하는 깔따구의 움직임을 관찰하였다. 4령기에 있는 깔따구를 $6cm\times{7cm}\times{2.5cm}$ 크기의 서식 장소와 $18^\circ{C}$의 수온, 명기와 암기를 각각 10시간, 14시간의 조건에서 관찰을 하였다. 추적 시스템은 깔따구 몸체의 부분 점들을 탐지하여 추적하도록 하였다. 모든 실험은 반자연적인(semi-natural) 상태에서 진행되었으며 약제 카보퓨란(Carbofuran 0.1mg/l) 처리 전 후 이틀씩 모두 4일에 걸쳐서 연속적으로 진행되었다. 실험 결과 약제의 처리후에 압축된 지그제그 형태로 나타나는 "떨림 현상"과 같은 비정규적인 행동들이 종종 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 약제 처리된 종들의 행동 변화를 탐지하기 위하여, 웨이블릿 분석이 다른 움직임 패턴들을 특징화하기 위하여 사용되었다. 이산 웨이블릿에 기반하여 추출된 파라미터들은 약제처리 전후의 움직임에 대한 다른 유형의 패턴들을 표현하기 위하여 인공 신경망을 통하여 학습되었다. 이러한 웨이블릿과 인공 신경망의 통합 모델은 특징화된 움직임 패턴들의 발생 시점을 탐지할 수 있었으며, 수질 모니터링을 위한 독성 물질의 유입을 자동으로 탐지할 수 있는 도구로써 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.을 알 수 있었다.

Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity of Carbofuran-Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Agricultural Soils

  • Shin, Dong-Hyeon;Kim, Dong-Uk;Seong, Chi-Nam;Song, Hong-Gyu;Ka, Jong-Ok
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.448-456
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    • 2012
  • Thirty-seven carbofuran-degrading bacteria were isolated from agricultural soils, and their genetic and phenotypic characteristics were investigated. The isolates were able to utilize carbofuran as a sole source of carbon and energy. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolates were related to members of the genera Rhodococcus, Sphingomonas, and Sphingobium, including new types of carbofuran-degrading bacteria, Bosea and Microbacterium. Among the 37 isolates, 15 different chromosomal DNA patterns were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences. Five of the 15 representative isolates were able to degrade carbofuran phenol, fenoxycarb, and carbaryl, in addition to carbofuran. Ten of the 15 representative isolates had 1 to 8 plasmids. Among the 10 plasmid-containing isolates, plasmid-cured strains were obtained from 5 strains. The cured strains could not degrade carbofuran and other pesticides anymore, suggesting that the carbofuran degradative genes were on the plasmid DNAs in these strains. When analyzed with PCR amplification and dot-blot hybridization using the primers targeting for the previously reported carbofuran hydrolase gene (mcd), all of the isolates did not show any positive signals, suggesting that their carbofuran hydrolase genes had no significant sequence homology with the mcd gene.