• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.553-558
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• 2012

Purpose: This article reviews a few of the commonly used types of vascularized osseous free flaps in maxillofacial reconstruction, which still represents the gold standard of restoration. We also discuss the developing concepts in maxillofacial reconstruction. Recent findings: Most of the literature reconfirms the established patterns of reconstruction with the aid of vascularized osseous free flaps. This method of free-tissue transfer is also feasible in cases of osteoradionecrosis or bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. These flaps are also suitable for prosthetic restoration using osseointegrated dental implants. Summary: Vascularized osseous free flaps still remain the standard of care. Improvements upon the free-tissue transfer method employing vascularized osseous free flaps, such as distraction osteogenesis, tissue engineering, and imaging techniques, currently require further development, but these technologies could lead to improved outcomes of maxillofacial reconstruction in the near future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3685-3688
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• 2013

Background: Clinicians determine degree of mammographic density based on tissue firmness on breast examination. The study aimed to compare breast density in mammography and clinical breast examination. Materials and Methods: Six-hundred sixty three women 40 years of age or older were studied. The breast exam density was graded from 1 to 4 by two expert surgeons and the mammographic parenchymal density by two expert radiologists. Then for practical reasons, grades 1 and 2 were considered as low-density and grades 3 and 4 as high-density. Results: High and low densities were detected in 84.5% and 15.5% of clinical breast examinations and 59.7% and 40.3% of mammographies, respectively. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the breast tissue densities in breast examination with those in mammography. Conclusions: A clinically dense breast does not necessarily imply a dense mammographic picture.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.30-35
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• 2018

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are useful tools for tumor biology research and testing the efficacy of candidate anticancer drugs targeting the druggable mutations identified in tumor tissue. However, it is still unknown how much of the genetic alterations identified in primary tumors are consistently detected in tumor tissues in the PDX model. In this study, we analyzed the genetic alterations of three primary colorectal cancers (CRCs) and matched xenograft tissues in PDX models using a next-generation sequencing cancer panel. Of the 17 somatic mutations identified from the three CRCs, 14 (82.4%) were consistently identified in both primary and xenograft tumors. The other three mutations identified in the primary tumor were not detected in the xenograft tumor tissue. There was no newly identified mutation in the xenograft tumor tissues. In addition to the somatic mutations, the copy number alteration profiles were also largely consistent between the primary tumor and xenograft tissue. All of these data suggest that the PDX tumor model preserves the majority of the key mutations detected in the primary tumor site. This study provides evidence that the PDX model is useful for testing targeted therapies in the clinical field and research on precision medicine.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 1998

In this paper, basic study of diagnostic device development for early detection of cancer, we present the optical property measurements of 12 histologically classified biological tissue and blood specimens in order to determine whether significant optical contrast exists for detection of disease(cancer). In vitro, optical properties of each 630nm, 660nm, 780n, 880nm and 940nm shows consistent changes in effective absorbtion coefficients, ${\mu}$$\_$${\alpha}$/ with tissue classification of pig an chicken and human blood according to the 27.3%, 35.4%, 45.6% and 59.1% of HCT. We found differences in optical properties at each of specific wavelengths and histologically classified biological tissue.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2767-2773
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• 2016

Human glioma, arising from glial cells of the central nervous system, accounts for almost 30%of all brain tumours, neoplasms with a poor prognosis and high mortality rates worldwide. In the present study we assessed tissue architectural modifications associated with macrophage lineage cells, controversial major immune effector cells within the brain, in human glioma tissue samples from eastern India. Ethically cleared post-operative human glioma samples from our collaborative neurosurgery unit with respective CT/MRI and patient history were collected from the Nodal Centre of Neurosciences in Kolkata, over 9 months. Along with conventional histopathology, samples were subjected to silver-gold staining and fluorescence tagged immunophenotyping for the detection of electron dense brain macrophage/microglia cells in glioma tissue, followed by immune-phenotyping of cells. With higher grades, CD11b+/Iba-1+ macrophage/microglia architecture with de-structured boundaries of glioma lesions indicated malfunction and invasive effector state. Present study documented a contribution of microglia to glioma progression in Eastern India.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2024

A 74-year-old female presented with a complaint of dry mouth, continuous spontaneous burning sensation in the tongue, and asymptomatic submucosal soft tissue mass on both sides of the lower labial mucosa. She refused to undergo total excision of the mass due to concern about the possibility of complications such as nerve damage because of the large size of the mass. As her clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging indicated the possibility of Sjögren's syndrome, a biopsy of the minor salivary gland of the right lower lip was performed. Consequently, she was diagnosed with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Although the patient had typical signs and symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome, the histopathological result of MALT lymphoma made it impossible to determine whether the patient had a history of Sjögren's syndrome. For patients with risk factors for MALT lymphoma, such as Sjögren's syndrome, a biopsy of the labial minor salivary gland with immunohistochemical staining can be helpful in the diagnosis of not only Sjögren's syndrome but also MALT lymphoma.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.11-22
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• 2013

Objectives: The present investigation aimed at examining if post-cancer treatment with a potentized homeopathic drug, Condurango 30C, which is generally used to treat oesophageal cancer, could also show an ameliorating effect through apoptosis induction on lung cancer induced by benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: Lung cancer was induced after four months by chronic feeding of BaP to rats through gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight for one month. After four months, the lung-cancer-bearing rats were treated with Condurango 30C for the next one ($5^{th}$), two ($5^{th}-6^{th}$) and three ($5^{th}-7^{th}$) months, respectively, and were sacrificed at the corresponding time-points. The ameliorating effect, if any, after Condurango 30C treatment for the various periods was evaluated by using protocols such as histology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), annexinV-FITC/PI assay, flow cytometry of the apoptosis marker, DNA fragmentation, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and western blot analyses of lung tissue samples. Results: Striking recovery of lung tissue to a near normal status was noticed after post-cancerous drug treatment, as evidenced by SEM and histology, especially after one and two months of drug treatment. Data from the annexinV-FITC/PI and DNA fragmentation assays revealed that Condurango 30C could induce apoptosis in cancer cells after post-cancer treatment. A critical analysis of signalling cascade, evidenced through a RT-PCR study, demonstrated up-regulation and down-regulation of different pro- and anti-apoptotic genes, respectively, related to a caspase-3-mediated apoptotic pathway, which was especially discernible after one-month and two-month drug treatments. Correspondingly, Western blot and immunohistochemistry studies confirmed the ameliorative potential of Condurango 30C by its ability to down-regulate the elevated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, a hallmark of lung cancer. Conclusion: The overall result validated a positive effect of Condurango 30C in ameliorating lung cancer through caspase-3-mediated apoptosis induction and EGFR down-regulation.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.222-226
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• 2007

We suggest the fluorescence endoscope system that has light source apparatus providing selectable white or excitation light. White light source generates normal color images and is easily switched over to excitation light with the wide spectrum range from 380 nm to 580 nm. 5-ALA is deposited selectively in the abnormal tissue like cancer and causes fluorescence in the red spectrum range when excited by blue spectrum range. In addition, the others of excitation light make the color background image by reflected light to allow accurate orientation and visualization of the abnormal tissue and around. According to clinical studies, the fluorescence intensity contrast that defines the fluorescence intensity of lesion over the fluorescence intensity of around has more than 2 in tumour. Proposed system is useful and objective way in early diagnosis. Furthermore, it can be used in the biopsy for tumour classification at the highest fluorescence intensity point.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2012

Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type (extranodal MZL) is a distinct subgroup of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Pulmonary extranodal MZL is a rare entity and accounts for less than 0.5% of primary pulmonary malignancies. Only a few cases of simultaneous occurrence of lung cancer and pulmonary extranodal MZL have been reported. A 60-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a pulmonary nodule. She was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma by percutaneous needle biopsy. The protrusions into the left main bronchus were found by accident while performing bronchoscopy during lung cancer evaluation. The bronchial lesions were diagnosed as extranodal MZL. Although the patient underwent surgical resection for the lung adenocarcinoma, the pulmonary extranodal MZL was left untreated; it was monitored during follow-up visits. To our knowledge, this is the first report of synchronous lung adenocarcinoma and primary extranodal MZL of the main bronchus.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.75 no.5
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• pp.181-187
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• 2013

The emergence of new therapeutic agents for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) implies that histologic subtyping and molecular predictive testing are now essential for therapeutic decisions. Histologic subtype predicts the efficacy and toxicity of some treatment agents, as do genetic alterations, which can be important predictive factors in treatment selection. Molecular markers, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement, are the best predictors of response to specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment agents. As the majority of patients with NSCLC present with unresectable disease, it is therefore crucial to optimize the use of tissue samples for diagnostic and predictive examinations, particularly for small biopsy and cytology specimens. Therefore, each institution needs to develop a diagnostic approach requiring close communication between the pulmonologist, radiologist, pathologist, and oncologist in order to preserve sufficient biopsy materials for molecular analysis as well as to ensure rapid diagnosis. Currently, personalized medicine in NSCLC is based on the histologic subtype and molecular status. This review summarizes strategies for tissue acquisition, histologic subtyping and molecular analysis for predictive testing in NSCLC.